UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K

 

 

Commission file number 000-23661

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

(248) 960-9009
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

(None)

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes o     No þ

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o     No þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ     No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes o     No o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o     No þ

 

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2010 (computed by reference to the closing sales price of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market on such date) was $76,557,435. For purposes of this computation, shares of common stock held by our executive officers, directors and common shareholders with 10% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were excluded. Such determination should not be deemed an admission that such officers, directors and beneficial owners are, in fact, affiliates.

 

Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, no par value, as of February 28, 2011: 17,673,608 shares.

 

Documents Incorporated by Reference

 

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement pertaining to the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A are herein incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

PART I

 

References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” are to Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires.

 

Forward Looking Statements

 

We make forward-looking statements in this report and may make such statements in future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. We may also make forward-looking statements in our press releases or other public or shareholder communications. Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and include information about our expectations and possible or assumed future results of our operations. When we use words such as “may,” might,” “will,” “should,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue”, “predict”, “forecast”, “projected,” “intend” or similar expressions, or make statements regarding our intent, belief, or current expectations, we are making forward-looking statements. Our forward looking statements also include, without limitation, statements about our competitors, statements regarding the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, changes to its reimbursement policies and the effect on our business, statements regarding the timing and costs of obtaining FDA approval of our new SFP product, statements regarding our new SFP product and statements regarding our anticipated future financial condition, operating results, cash flows and business plans.

 

We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all of our forward-looking statements. While we believe that our forward-looking statements are reasonable, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which are based on information available to us on the date of this report or, if made elsewhere, as of the date made. Because these forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions that are subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control or are subject to change, actual results could be materially different. Factors that might cause such a difference include, without limitation, the risks and uncertainties discussed in this report, including without limitation in “Item 1A — Risk Factors,” and from time to time in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Other factors not currently anticipated may also materially and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. We do not undertake, and expressly disclaim, any obligation to update or alter any statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise except as required by law.

 

 

General

 

Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc., incorporated in the state of Michigan in 1996, manufactures hemodialysis concentrate solutions and dialysis kits, and we sell, distribute and deliver these and other ancillary hemodialysis products primarily to hemodialysis providers in the United States as well as internationally primarily in Latin America, Asia and Europe. Hemodialysis duplicates kidney function in patients with failing kidneys also known as End Stage Renal Disease (“ESRD”). ESRD is an advanced stage of chronic kidney disease (“CKD”) characterized by the irreversible loss of kidney function. Without properly functioning kidneys, a patient’s body cannot get rid of excess water and toxic waste products. Without frequent and ongoing dialysis treatments, these patients would not survive. Our dialysis solutions (also known as dialysate) are used to maintain life, removing toxins and replacing nutrients in the dialysis patient’s bloodstream.

 

We have licensed and are currently developing renal drug therapies. Our lead drug development product is for iron supplementation, a key element in the formation of new red blood cells. Iron supplementation is routinely administered to more than 90% of patients receiving treatment for anemia. We have licensed a drug therapy for the delivery of iron supplementation for anemic dialysis patients which we refer to as dialysate iron and more specifically as soluble ferric pyrophosphate (“SFP”). To realize a commercial benefit from this therapy, and pursuant to the licensing agreement, we must complete clinical trials and obtain U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval to market SFP. We also plan to seek foreign market approval for this product or to license the technology to a pharmaceutical company who will seek market approval in the licensed markets. We believe this product will substantially improve iron maintenance therapy and, if approved, will compete for the global market

for iron maintenance therapy. Based on reports from manufacturers of intravenous (“IV”) iron products and industry estimates, the market size in the United States for IV iron therapy for all indications is approximately $560 million per year. We estimate the global market for IV iron therapy is in excess of $850 million per year. We cannot, however, give any assurance that this product will be approved by the FDA or, if approved, that it will be successfully marketed.

 

Our Business Strategy

 

Our strategy is to become a leading biopharmaceutical company focused on renal indications. The following are the key elements of our business strategy:

 

Obtain Regulatory Approval of our Lead Drug Candidate SFP Indicated for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia.

 

We are conducting Phase III clinical trials for SFP and will seek to obtain FDA regulatory approval to market SFP. We intend to market SFP using our existing operating business infrastructure which currently serves approximately 25% of the U.S. dialysis market.

 

Develop our Product Portfolio of Renal and Anemia Drugs, Including Extensions of SFP.

 

We intend to initiate clinical development and obtain FDA regulatory approval to market other extensions of drug products based upon the SFP technology. We believe our SFP technology can be leveraged into other applications.

 

Identify Novel Drug Targets to Address Unmet Market Opportunities.

 

Our objective is to identify and validate novel drug targets for CKD, ESRD and other therapeutic areas.

 

Obtain Partners to Achieve Global Development and Commercialization of our Products.

 

We seek commercial collaborations to develop our products, obtain regulatory approval and realize financial benefits on an international or global basis. We intend to leverage the development, regulatory and commercialization expertise of potential business partners to accelerate the development of certain potential products through licensing of selected technologies.

 

Acquire Rights to Complementary Drug Candidates and Technologies.

 

We intend to continue to selectively pursue and acquire rights to drug products in various stages of development and approval while leveraging our dialysis market position.

 

Continue Development of our Commercial Business and Market Position.

 

We intend to continue to develop our market presence in our dialysis products business, which will provide a broader platform from which we can sell new products to the dialysis market.

 

Our Markets

 

How Hemodialysis Works

 

Hemodialysis patients generally receive their treatments at independent hemodialysis clinics or at hospitals. A hemodialysis provider such as a hospital or a free standing clinic uses a dialysis station to treat patients. A dialysis station contains a dialysis machine that takes concentrate solutions primarily consisting of nutrients and minerals, such as our liquid concentrate solutions or our concentrate powders mixed with purified water, and accurately dilutes those solutions with purified water. The resulting solution, known as dialysate, is then pumped through a device known as a dialyzer (artificial kidney), while at the same time the patient’s blood is pumped through a semi-permeable membrane within the dialyzer. Excess water and chemicals from the patient’s blood pass through the membrane and are carried away in the dialysate while certain nutrients and minerals in the dialysate penetrate the

membrane and enter the patient’s blood to maintain proper blood chemistry. Dialysate generally contains dextrose, sodium chloride, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. Citric acid, which acts as an anticoagulant, may be used in place of acetic acid. The patient’s physician chooses the formula required for each patient based on each particular patient’s needs, although most patients receive one of eight common formulations.

 

In addition to using concentrate solutions and chemical powders (which must be replaced for each use for each patient), a dialysis provider also requires various other ancillary products such as blood tubing, fistula needles, specialized custom kits, dressings, cleaning agents, filtration salts and other supplies, many of which we sell.

 

Dialysis Industry Trends

 

Hemodialysis is the primary treatment modality employed in the United States with over 90% of all dialysis patients receiving hemodialysis. The Company does not compete in the peritoneal or home dialysis segments. Hemodialysis treatments are generally performed in independent clinics or hospitals with the majority of dialysis services performed by national and regional for profit dialysis chains. Based on data published by the U.S. Renal Data Systems (“USRDS”) we estimate that there are approximately 5,600 Medicare-certified treatment clinics in the United States. The two largest national for-profit dialysis chains service approximately 63% of the domestic hemodialysis market. According to industry statistics published by USRDS at the end of 2008, 371,000 patients in the United States were receiving dialysis treatments. The domestic dialysis industry has experienced steady patient population growth over the last two decades. U.S. patient population growth has averaged approximately 3.5-4% per year over the last five years.

 

ESRD incidence rates vary by country with some higher and most lower than the United States. Based on industry reports, the global ESRD population receiving some form of dialysis treatment is estimated to be over 2 million and to be growing at a rate of approximately 6% annually. The three major dialysis markets are the United States, the European Union and Japan, which together represent approximately half of the total global treatments based on industry estimates.

 

Our Products

 

We manufacture, sell, distribute and deliver hemodialysis concentrates as well as a full line of ancillary hemodialysis products to hemodialysis providers and distributors located in 34 states and territories as well as a number of foreign countries, primarily in Latin America, Asia and Europe. Hemodialysis concentrates, which account for over 95% of our revenue, are comprised of two primary product types, which are generally described as acidified dialysate concentrate, also known as acid concentrate, and bicarbonate.

 

Renal Pure^® & CitraPure^® Liquid Acid Concentrate

 

Acid concentrate generally contains either citric acid or acetic acid, along with sodium chloride, dextrose and electrolyte additives such as magnesium, potassium, and calcium. Acid concentrate products are manufactured in three basic series to reflect the dilution ratios used in various types of dialysis machines. We supply all three series and currently manufacture approximately 60 different liquid acid concentrate formulations. We supply liquid acid concentrate in both 55 gallon drums and in cases containing four one gallon containers. Our acetate-free, citric-acid concentrate includes citrate which acts as an anticoagulant and has been known to reduce inflammation.

 

Dri-Sate^® Dry Acid Concentrate & Mixing System

 

We have 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market Dri-Sate^® Dry Acid Concentrate & Mixing System. Our Dri-Sate Dry Acid Concentrate & Mixing System allows a clinic to mix its acid concentrate on-site. The clinical technician, using a specially designed mixer, adds pre-measured packets of the necessary ingredients to 50 or 100 gallons of purified water (AMII standard). Once mixed, the product is equivalent to the acid concentrate provided to our customers in liquid form. Clinics using Dri-Sate^® Dry Acid Concentrate realize numerous advantages, including lower cost per treatment, reduced storage space requirements, reduced number of deliveries and more flexibility in scheduling deliveries. In addition to the advantages to our customers, our freight costs are lower for

Dri-Sate^® Dry Acid Concentrate than for acid concentrate in the liquid form. We can also realize greater productivity from our truck fleet resources delivering dry products.

 

RenalPure^® Powder Bicarbonate Concentrate

 

Bicarbonate is generally sold in powder form and each clinic generally mixes bicarbonate on site as required. We offer 9 different bicarbonate powder products covering all three series of generally used bicarbonate dilution ratios.

 

SteriLyte^® Liquid Bicarbonate Concentrate

 

We have 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market SteriLyte Liquid Bicarbonate. Our SteriLyte Liquid Bicarbonate is used in both acute care and chronic care settings. Our SteriLyte Liquid Bicarbonate offers the dialysis community a high-quality product and provides the clinic a safe supply of bicarbonate.

 

Ancillary Products

 

We offer a wide range of ancillary products including blood tubing, fistula needles, specialized custom kits, dressings, cleaning agents, filtration salts and other supplies used by hemodialysis providers.

 

SFP Iron Therapy

 

We have licensed the exclusive right to manufacture and sell SFP, a product that we believe, if and when approved by the FDA, will substantially improve the treatment of dialysis patients with iron deficiency, which is pervasive in the dialysis patient population. Iron deficiency in dialysis patients typically results from the continual blood losses from the dialysis treatment coupled with the demands placed upon the body by current dialysis drug therapies. Most dialysis patients receive replacement therapy of recombinant human erythropoietin commonly referred to as erythropoiesis stimulating agents, or ESA. An ESA is an artificial hormone that acts in the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body to nourish tissues and sustain life. Hemoglobin, an important constituent of red blood cells, is composed largely of iron and protein.

 

Treatment with ESA therapy requires adequate amounts of iron, as well as the rapid mobilization of iron reserves, for new hemoglobin synthesis and new red blood cell formation. The demands of this therapy can outstrip the body’s ability to mobilize iron stores. An ESA is commonly administered as a large IV injection on an intermittent basis, which creates an unnatural strain on the iron release process when the need for iron outstrips its rate of delivery, called functional iron deficiency. Accordingly, iron supplementation is required to maintain proper iron balance and ensure good therapeutic response from ESA treatments. The liver is the site of most stored iron. Iron stores typically will be depleted before the production of iron-containing proteins, including hemoglobin, is impaired. Most dialysis patients receiving ESA therapy also receive iron therapy in order to maintain sufficient iron stores and to achieve the full benefit of ESA treatments.

 

Current iron therapy to the ESRD population is generally provided thorough IV parenteral iron compounds, which are ultimately taken up by the reticuloendothelial system and primarily deposited in the liver rather than directly to blood plasma to be carried to the bone marrow. The liver slowly processes these iron deposits into a useable form. As a result of the time it takes for the liver to process a dosage of IV iron into useable form, there can be volatility in iron stores, which can reduce the effectiveness of ESA treatments. In addition, IV iron generally produces an inflammatory response limiting the amount of iron released from the liver.

 

Our SFP is distinctly different from IV iron compounds because our product transfers iron in a useable form directly from dialysate into the blood plasma, from which it is carried directly to the bone marrow for the formation of new red blood cells. The kinetic properties of our iron compound allows for the rapid uptake of iron in blood plasma by molecules that transport iron called transferrin. The frequency and dosage of our SFP iron delivered via dialysate is designed and intended to maintain iron balance in a steady state. We believe that this more direct method of iron delivery will be more effective at maintaining iron balance in a steady state and achieving superior therapeutic response from ESA treatments.

SFP has other benefits that we believe are important. Iron administered by our product bypasses the liver altogether and thereby avoids causing oxidative stress to the liver, which we believe is a significant risk of current iron supplement therapies. In addition, we believe that clinics may realize significant drug administration savings due to decreased nursing time for administration and elimination of supplies necessary to administer IV iron compounds.

 

We are currently conducting the clinical testing required to obtain FDA approval to market SFP in the United States. Our Phase III clinical program for SFP commenced in the first quarter of 2011 and is anticipated to be completed in 2012.

 

Distribution and Delivery Operations

 

The majority of our domestic sales are delivered by our subsidiary, Rockwell Transportation, Inc. Rockwell Transportation, Inc. operates a fleet of trucks which are used to deliver products to our customers. A portion of our deliveries, primarily to medical products distributors, is provided by common carriers chosen by us based on rates.

 

We perform services for customers that are generally not available from common carriers, such as stock rotation, non-loading-dock delivery and drum pump-offs. Certain of our competitors use common carriers and/or do not perform the same services upon delivery of their products. We believe we offer a higher level of service to our customers because we use our own delivery vehicles and drivers.

 

Our Dri-Sate^® Dry Acid Concentrate provides an economic incentive to our customers to migrate from liquid acid dialysate in drums to our dry acid concentrate as a result of distribution synergies realized from Dri-Sate^®. As an example, a pallet containing four drums of liquid acid concentrate contains 220 gallons of liquid acid concentrate. On a pallet containing our Dri-Sate^® Dry Acid Concentrate, we can ship the equivalent of 1,200 gallons of acid concentrate in powder form. The potential distribution savings offered with Dri-Sate^® coupled with other advantages over drums make Dri-Sate^® an attractive alternative for many customers.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

We primarily sell our products directly to domestic hemodialysis providers through direct salespeople employed by us and through independent sales representation companies. Our President and Chief Executive Officer leads and directs our sales efforts to our major accounts. We also utilize independent distributors in the United States. Our products are sold to certain international customers through independent sales agents and distributors.

 

Our sales and marketing initiatives are directed at purchasing decision makers at large for-profit national and regional hemodialysis chains and toward independent hemodialysis service providers. Our marketing efforts include advertising in trade publications, distribution of product literature and attendance at industry trade shows and conferences. We target our sales and marketing efforts to clinic administrators, purchasing professionals, nurses, medical directors of clinics, hospital administrators and nephrologists.

 

Competition

 

Dialysis Concentrate and Supplies Competition

 

We compete against larger and more established competitors with substantially greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, research and development and management resources. We have two major competitors. Our largest competitor is a subsidiary of Fresenius Medical Care AG& Co. KGaA (“Fresenius”), which is primarily in the business of operating dialysis clinics but also manufactures and markets dialysis devices, drugs and supplies. Globally, Fresenius is vertically integrated, manufacturing a broad range of dialysis products, marketing several dialysis related drugs, and selling a more comprehensive line of dialysis equipment, supplies and services than we sell.

 

Fresenius treats over 130,000 dialysis patients in North America and operates approximately 1,800 clinics in the United States. It also has a renal products business that manufactures a broad array of equipment and supplies, including dialysis machines, dialyzers (artificial kidneys), concentrates and other supplies used in hemodialysis. In

addition to its captive customer base in its own clinics, Fresenius also serves other clinic chains and independent clinics with its broad array of products where it commands a market leading position in its key product lines. Fresenius manufactures its concentrate in its own regional manufacturing facilities. Fresenius operates an extensive warehouse network in the United States serving its captive customer base and other independent clinics.

 

We also compete against Cantel Medical Corp.’s subsidiary, Minntech Corporation (“Minntech”). Minntech’s Renal Systems division primarily sells dialysis concentrates and Renalin, a specialty reuse agent for sanitizing dialyzers. Minntech has one domestic manufacturing facility located in Minnesota. We believe Minntech primarily sells its liquid concentrate products to domestic customers within a 300 mile radius of its facility.

 

In addition, we compete against other distributors with respect to certain ancillary products and supplies.

 

Iron Maintenance Therapy Market Competition

 

We intend to enter the iron maintenance therapy market for the treatment of dialysis patients with anemia. We must obtain FDA approval for our SFP to enter this market. The iron therapy market for IV iron in the United States presently has several competitors and is dominated by two second generation IV iron drugs, Venofer^® and Ferrlecit^®. Venofer^® is the global market leader for IV iron therapy. Venofer^® is owned by Switzerland-based Galenica. Galenica has also developed a new product, Ferinject^®, for which it is seeking FDA approval. Ferinject^® is not approved for marketing in the United States. We believe that Ferinject^® is primarily intended to target the pre-ESRD markets and other indications such as oncology.

 

In the U.S. and Canada, Galenica exclusively licenses Venofer^® and Injectafer^® (US brand name for Ferinject^®) to Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned US subsidiary of Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd., which has entered into a corresponding ten year sublicense agreement with Fresenius to manufacture and distribute Venofer^® to the dialysis market in the US and Canada. Venofer^® is currently being marketed by Fresenius in the United States to the dialysis market while Luitpold, through its subsidiary American Regent, Inc., markets Venofer for other markets and indications including the pre-dialysis CKD market.

 

Sanofi-Aventis did not renew its US marketing license of Ferrlecit^® with Watson Pharmaceutical, Inc. (“Watson”) and markets Ferrlecit^® in the United States. Ferrlecit^® is an injectable iron supplement made of sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose.

 

Watson intends to market a generic version of Ferrlecit^® in the future. Watson also markets a product called IN-FeD^® which is an injectable iron supplement made of dextran and ferric hydroxide. Watson is a large manufacturer of both generic and branded drugs.

 

The markets for drug products are highly competitive. Competition in drug delivery systems is generally based on marketing strength, product performance characteristics (i.e., reliability, safety, patient convenience) and product price. Acceptance by dialysis providers and nephrologists is also critical to the success of a product. The first product on the market in a particular therapeutic area typically is able to obtain and maintain a significant market share. In a highly competitive marketplace and with evolving technology, additional product introductions or developments by others might render our products or technologies noncompetitive or obsolete. In addition, pharmaceutical and medical device companies are largely dependent upon health care providers being reimbursed by private insurers and government payors. Drugs approved by the FDA might not receive reimbursement from private insurers or government payors.

 

Prior to 2011, CMS had historically paid providers for dialysis treatments under the Medicare program in two parts: the composite rate and separately reimbursed drugs and services. The composite rate is payment for the complete dialysis treatment except for physicians’ professional services, separately billed laboratory services and separately billed drugs. CMS reimbursement practices changed starting in 2011, which we believe may benefit our marketing efforts. CMS began implementation of a fully bundled reimbursement rate on January 1, 2011 which is intended to be fully implemented by 2014. This change is expected to result in a single composite rate per treatment, thereby eliminating reimbursement for individual drugs and services to providers. With the implementation of a single bundled rate for dialysis treatments, most dialysis drugs will no longer receive separate reimbursement. As a result, dialysis drugs will now likely be viewed by providers as a cost rather than as a source of revenue to the dialysis service provider. We believe that the provider market may find the potential economic advantages of our

iron supplemented dialysate to be an attractive alternative to IV iron drugs. Providers may be attracted to SFP over IV iron products due to the lower cost of administration and the potential for improved therapeutic response from costly ESA treatments.

 

Quality Assurance and Control

 

We place significant emphasis on providing quality products and services to our customers. Quality management plays an essential role in determining and meeting customer requirements, identifying, preventing and correcting variance from specifications and improving our products. We have implemented quality systems that involve control procedures that result in rigid conformance to specifications. Our quality systems also include assessments of suppliers of raw materials, packaging components and finished goods, and quality management reviews designed to inform management of key issues that may affect the quality of products, assess the effectiveness of our quality systems and identify areas for improvement.

 

Technically trained professionals at our production facilities develop and implement our quality systems which include specific product testing procedures and training of employees reinforcing our commitment to quality and promoting continuous process improvements. To assure quality and consistency of our concentrates, we conduct specific analytical tests during the manufacturing process for each type of product that we manufacture. Our quality control laboratory at each facility conducts analytical tests to verify that the chemical properties of the concentrates comply with the specifications required by industry standards. Upon verification that a batch meets those specifications, we then package those concentrates. We also test packaged concentrates at the beginning and end of each production run to assure product consistency during the filling process. Each batch is assigned a lot number for tracking purposes and becomes available for shipment after verification that all product specifications have been met.

 

We use automated testing equipment in order to assure quality and consistency in the manufacture of our concentrates. The equipment allows us to analyze the materials used in the hemodialysis concentrate manufacturing process, to assay and adjust the in-process hemodialysis concentrate, and to assay and certify that the finished products are within the chemical and biological specifications required by industry regulations. Our testing equipment provides us with a high degree of accuracy and efficiency in performing the necessary testing.

 

Government Regulation

 

The testing, manufacture and sale of our hemodialysis concentrates and the ancillary products we distribute are subject to regulation by numerous governmental authorities, principally the FDA and corresponding state and foreign agencies. Under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (the “FD&C Act”), and FDA regulations, the FDA regulates the pre-clinical and clinical testing, manufacture, labeling, distribution and marketing of medical devices. Noncompliance with applicable requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, failure of the government to grant pre-market clearance or pre-market approval for devices, withdrawal of marketing clearances or approvals and criminal prosecution.

 

We plan to develop and commercialize selected drug candidates by ourselves such as our iron supplemented dialysate product. The development and regulatory approval process, which includes preclinical testing and clinical trials of each product candidate, is lengthy and uncertain. Before marketing in the United States, any pharmaceutical or therapeutic product must undergo rigorous preclinical testing and clinical trials and an extensive regulatory approval process implemented by the FDA under the FD&C Act.

 

Moreover, the FDA imposes substantial requirements on new product research and the clinical development, manufacture and marketing of pharmaceutical products, including testing and clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of these products.

 

Medical Device Approval and Regulation

 

A medical device may be marketed in the United States only with prior authorization from the FDA unless it is subject to a specific exemption. Devices classified as Class I devices (general controls) or Class II devices (general

and special controls) are eligible to seek “510(k) clearance” from the FDA. Such clearance generally is granted when submitted information establishes that a proposed device is “substantially equivalent” to a legally marketed device that is not subject to premarket approval. A legally marketed device is a “pre-amendment” device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976. The FDA in recent years has been requiring a more rigorous demonstration of substantial equivalence than in the past, including requiring clinical trial data in some cases. For any devices that are cleared through the 510(k) process, modifications or enhancements that could significantly affect safety or effectiveness, or constitute a major change in the intended use of the device, will require new 510(k) submissions. We have been advised that it usually takes from three to six months from the date of submission to obtain 510(k) clearance, and may take substantially longer. Our hemodialysis concentrates, liquid bicarbonate and other ancillary products are categorized as Class II devices.

 

A device which sustains or supports life, prevents impairment of human health or which presents a potential unreasonable risk of illness or injury is categorized as a Class III device. A Class III device generally must receive approval through a pre-market approval (“PMA”) application, which requires proving the safety and effectiveness of the device to the FDA. The process of obtaining PMA approval is expensive and uncertain. We have been advised that it usually takes from one to three years to obtain approval after filing the request, and may take substantially longer.

 

If human clinical trials of a device are required, whether for a 510(k) submission or a PMA application, and the device presents a “significant risk,” the sponsor of the trial (usually the manufacturer or the distributor of the device) will have to file an investigational device exemption (“IDE”) application prior to commencing human clinical trials. The IDE application must be supported by data, typically including the results of animal and laboratory testing. If the IDE application is approved by the FDA and one or more appropriate Institutional Review Boards (“IRBs”), the device may be shipped for the purpose of conducting the investigations without compliance with all of the requirements of the FD&C Act and human clinical trials may begin. The FDA will specify the number of investigational sites and the number of patients that may be included in the investigation. If the device does not present a “significant risk” to the patient, a sponsor may begin the clinical trial after obtaining approval for the study by one or more appropriate IRBs without the need for FDA approval.

 

Any devices manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA clearances or approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA and certain state agencies. As a manufacturer of medical devices for marketing in the United States we are required to adhere to regulations setting forth detailed good manufacturing practice (“GMP”) requirements, which include testing, control and documentation requirements. We must also comply with medical device reporting regulations which require that we report to the FDA any incident in which our products may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or in which our products malfunctioned and, if the malfunction were to recur, it would be likely to cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. Labeling and promotional activities are subject to scrutiny by the FDA and, in certain circumstances, by the Federal Trade Commission. Current FDA enforcement policy prohibits the marketing of approved medical devices for unapproved uses.

 

We are subject to routine inspection by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliance with GMP requirements and other applicable quality system regulations. We are also subject to numerous federal, state and local laws relating to such matters as safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, environmental protection, fire hazard control, transportation and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances.

 

We have 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market hemodialysis concentrates in both liquid and powder form. In addition, we have received 510(k) clearance for our Dri-Sate Dry Acid Concentrate Mixer.

 

We must comply with the FD&C Act and related laws and regulations, including GMP, to retain 510(k) clearances. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our 510(k) clearances from the FDA to manufacture and distribute our products. If we fail to maintain our 510(k) clearances, we may be required to cease manufacturing and/or distributing our products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of our FDA clearances are denied or rescinded, sales of our products in the United States would be prohibited during the period we do not have such clearances.

In addition to the regulations for medical devices covering our current dialysate products, our new product development efforts will be subject to the regulations pertaining to pharmaceutical products. We have signed a licensing agreement for iron supplemented dialysate to be included in our dialysate products. Water soluble iron supplements when coupled with our dialysate are intended to be used as an iron maintenance therapy for dialysis patients, and we have been advised that this dialysate iron product will be considered a drug/device combination by the FDA. As a result, our iron maintenance therapy product will be subject to the FDA regulations for both pharmaceutical products and medical devices.

 

Drug Approval and Regulation

 

The marketing of pharmaceutical products, such as our new iron maintenance therapy product, in the United States requires the approval of the FDA. The FDA has established regulations, guidelines and safety standards which apply to the pre-clinical evaluation, clinical testing, manufacturing and marketing of our new iron maintenance therapy product and other pharmaceutical products. The process of obtaining FDA approval for our new product may take several years and involves the expenditure of substantial resources. The steps required before a pharmaceutical product can be produced and marketed for human use include: (i) pre-clinical studies; (ii) submission to the FDA of an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”), which must become effective before human clinical trials may commence in the United States; (iii) adequate and well controlled human clinical trials; (iv) submission to the FDA of a New Drug Application (“NDA”) or, in some cases, an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”); and (v) review and approval of the NDA or ANDA by the FDA. An NDA generally is required for products with new active ingredients, new indications, new routes of administration, new dosage forms or new strengths. An NDA requires that complete clinical studies of a product’s safety and efficacy be submitted to the FDA, the cost of which is substantial. The costs are often less, however, for new delivery systems which utilize already approved drugs than for drugs with new active ingredients.

 

An ANDA is a marketing application filed as part of an abbreviated approval process that is available for generic drug products that have the same active ingredient(s), indication, route of administration, dosage form and dosage strength as an existing FDA-approved product, if studies have demonstrated bio-equivalence of the new product to the FDA-approved product. Under applicable regulations, companies that seek to introduce an ANDA product must also certify that the product does not infringe on the approved product’s patent or that such patent has expired. If the applicant certifies that its product does not infringe on the approved product’s patent, the patent holder may institute legal action to determine the relative rights of the parties and the application of the patent, and the FDA may not finally approve the ANDA until a court finally determines that the applicable patent is invalid or would not be infringed by the applicant’s product.

 

Pre-clinical studies are conducted to obtain preliminary information on a pharmaceutical product’s efficacy and safety in animal or in vitro models. The results of these studies are submitted to the FDA as part of the IND and are reviewed by the FDA before human clinical trials begin. Human clinical trials may begin 30 days after receipt of the IND by the FDA unless the FDA objects to the commencement of clinical trials.

 

Human clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases, but the phases may overlap. Phase I trials consist of testing the product primarily for safety in a small number of patients or healthy volunteers at one or more doses. In Phase II trials, the safety and efficacy of the product are evaluated in a patient population somewhat larger than the Phase I trials with the primary intent of determining the effective dose range. Phase III trials typically involve additional testing for safety and clinical efficacy in an expanded population at a large number of test sites. A clinical plan, or protocol, accompanied by documentation from the institutions participating in the trials, must be received by the FDA prior to commencement of each of the clinical trials. The FDA may order the temporary or permanent discontinuation of a clinical trial at any time.

 

The results of product development and pre-clinical and clinical studies are submitted to the FDA as an NDA or an ANDA for approval. If an application is submitted, there can be no assurance that the FDA will review and approve the NDA or an ANDA in a timely manner. The FDA may deny an NDA or an ANDA if applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied or it may require additional testing, including pre-clinical, clinical and or product manufacturing tests. Even if such data are submitted, the FDA may ultimately deny approval of the product. Further, if there are any modifications to the drug, including changes in indication, manufacturing process, labeling, or a

change in a manufacturing facility, an NDA or an ANDA supplement may be required to be submitted to the FDA. Product approvals may be withdrawn after the product reaches the market if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained or if problems occur regarding the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDA may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the effect of products which have been commercialized, and has the power to prevent or limit further marketing of these products based on the results of these post-marketing programs.

 

Manufacturing facilities are subject to periodic inspections for compliance with regulations and each domestic drug manufacturing facility must be registered with the FDA. Foreign regulatory authorities may also have similar regulations. We expend significant time, money and effort in the area of quality assurance to fully comply with all applicable requirements. FDA approval to manufacture a drug is site specific. In the event an approved manufacturing facility for a particular drug becomes inoperable, obtaining the required FDA approval to manufacture such drug at a different manufacturing site could result in production delays, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Manufacturers and distributors must comply with various post-market requirements, including adverse event reporting, re-evaluation of approval decisions and notices of changes in the product.

 

Other government regulations

 

The federal and state governments in the United States, as well as many foreign governments, from time to time explore ways to reduce medical care costs through health care reform. Due to uncertainties regarding the ultimate features of reform initiatives and their enactment and implementation, we cannot predict what impact any reform proposal ultimately adopted may have on the pharmaceutical and medical device industry or on our business or operating results. Recently enacted health reform legislation is likely to result in material changes to the Medicare and Medicaid programs and levels of reimbursement and will impose excise taxes on medical devices and pharmaceutical products. Our activities are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding occupational safety, laboratory practices, and environmental protection and may be subject to other present and possible future local, state, federal and foreign regulations.

 

The approval procedures for the marketing of our products in foreign countries vary from country to country, and the time required for approval may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. We generally depend on our foreign distributors or marketing partners to obtain the appropriate regulatory approvals to market our products in those countries which typically do not require additional testing for products that have received FDA approval.

 

However, since medical practice and governmental regulations differ across regions, further testing may be needed to support market introduction in some foreign countries. Some foreign regulatory agencies may require additional studies involving patients located in their countries. Even after foreign approvals are obtained, further delays may be encountered before products may be marketed. Issues related to import and export can delay product introduction. Many countries require additional governmental approval for price reimbursement under national health insurance systems.

 

Product License Agreements

 

We are party to a license agreement for SFP that covers issued patents in the United States, the European Union and Japan, as well as patent and pending patent applications in other foreign jurisdictions. We licensed the product from a company owned by Dr. Ajay Gupta who subsequently joined us as our Chief Scientific Officer. The license agreement continues for the duration of the underlying patents in each country, or until August 14, 2016 in the United States, and may be extended thereafter. Patents were issued in the United States in 1999 and 2004. The European patent was issued in 2005 and extends through 2017. The Japanese patent was issued in 2007 and extends through 2017. If we are successful in obtaining FDA approval we may apply for an extension of our patent exclusivity for up to five years. As noted below in “— Trademarks and Patents,” the Company has also received patent protection on the pharmaceutical grade formulation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in SFP which extends patent protection until 2029.

 

Our SFP license agreement requires us to obtain and pay the cost of obtaining FDA approval of the product in order to realize any benefit from commercialization of the product. In addition to funding safety pharmacology testing, clinical trials and patent maintenance expenses, we are obligated to make certain milestone payments and to

pay ongoing royalties upon successful introduction of the product. The milestone payments include a payment of $50,000 which will become due upon completion of Phase III clinical trials, a payment of $100,000 which will become due upon FDA approval of the product and a payment of $175,000 which will become due upon issuance of a reimbursement code covering the product.

 

Trademarks and Patents

 

We have several trademarks and servicemarks used on our products and in our advertising and promotion of our products, and we have applied for U.S. registration of such marks. Most such applications have resulted in registration of such trademarks and servicemarks.

 

We were issued a U.S. patent on the synthesis and formulation of our pharmaceutical grade formulation of SFP. The U.S patent expires on April 17, 2029. Further patent applications are pending in other jurisdictions including Europe, Japan and Canada.

 

We were also issued patents in the U.S. and Canada for our Dri-Sate Dry Acid Concentrate method and apparatus for preparing liquid dialysate which expire on September 17, 2019.

 

Suppliers

 

We believe the raw materials and packaging materials for our hemodialysis concentrates, the components for our hemodialysis kits and the ancillary hemodialysis products distributed by us are generally available from several potential suppliers. Our principal suppliers include Church & Dwight Co. Inc., Roquette, Inc. and US Salt Company. Key suppliers of services for our clinical trials, including contract research organizations, lab testing services and other service providers, are available from a number of potential vendors.

 

Customers

 

We operate in one market segment which involves the manufacture and distribution of hemodialysis concentrates, dialysis kits and ancillary products used in the dialysis process to hemodialysis clinics. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, one customer, DaVita, Inc., accounted for 42%, 50% and 51% of our sales, respectively. Our accounts receivable from this customer were $2,336,526 and $1,267,500 as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. We are dependent on this key customer and the loss of its business would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, one distributor accounted for 15% of our sales in 2010 and due to credit arrangements with this distributor no accounts receivable were due as of December 31, 2010. No other customers accounted for more than 10% of our sales.

 

The majority of our international sales in each of the last three years were sales to domestic distributors that were resold to end users outside the United States. Our sales to foreign customers and distributors were less than 5% of our total sales in 2010 and 2009. We have no assets outside the United States. Our total international sales, including sales to domestic distributors for resale outside the United States, aggregated 23%, 12%, and 10% of overall sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately 300 employees, substantially all of whom are full time employees. Our arrangements with our employees are not governed by any collective bargaining agreement. Our employees are employed on an “at-will” basis.

 

Research & Development

 

We are required to pay the cost of obtaining FDA approval to market SFP in order to realize any benefit from commercialization of the product, which we expect will take several years and be costly to us. We completed our pre-clinical testing in 2007 and our Phase IIb dose ranging study in late 2009. We began our Phase III clinical program in the first quarter of 2011. We engaged outside service providers, contract research organizations, consultants and legal counsel to assist us with clinical trials, product development and obtaining regulatory approval. In addition, we incurred ongoing expenses related to obtaining additional protection of the intellectual

property underlying our licensing agreements. In 2010, 2009 and 2008, we incurred aggregate expenses related to the commercial development of SFP of approximately $3.4 million, $6.5 million and $3.8 million, respectively.

 

Where You Can Get Information We File with the SEC

 

Our internet address is http://www.rockwellmed.com. You can access free of charge on our web site all of our reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports. These reports are available as soon as practicable after they are electronically filed with the SEC.

 

The SEC also maintains a website on the internet that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, such as us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the SEC’s Web site is http://www.sec.gov.

 

 

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below before purchasing our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could fall, and you may lose all or part of the money you paid to buy our common stock.

 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

 

The dialysis provider market is highly concentrated in national and regional dialysis chains that account for the majority of our domestic revenue. Our business is substantially dependent on a few customers that account for a substantial portion of our sales. The loss of any of these customers would have a material adverse affect on our results of operations and cash flow.

 

Our revenue is highly concentrated in a few customers and the loss of any of those customers could adversely affect our results. One customer in particular accounted for 42% of our sales in 2010. If we were to lose this customer or our relationship with any of our other major national and regional dialysis chain customers, it would have a substantial negative impact on our cash flow and operating results and could have a detrimental impact on our ability to continue our operations in their current form or to continue to execute our business strategy. If we lost a substantial portion of our business, we would be required to take actions to conserve our cash resources and to mitigate the impact of any such losses on our business operations.

 

We operate in a very competitive market against substantially larger competitors with greater resources.

 

There is intense competition in the hemodialysis product market and our primary competitor is a large diversified company which has substantially greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, research and development and management resources than we do. We may not be able to successfully compete with them or other companies. Our primary competitor has historically used product bundling and low pricing as marketing techniques to capture market share of the products we sell and as we do not manufacture or sell the same breadth of products as our primary competitor, we may be at a disadvantage in competing against their marketing strategies. Furthermore, our primary competitor is vertically integrated and is the largest provider of dialysis services in the United States with approximately one-third of all U.S. patients treated by this company through its clinics. This competitor has routinely acquired smaller clinic chain operations and may acquire some of our current customers in the future.

 

Our new drug product requires FDA approval and expensive clinical trials before it can be marketed.

 

We are seeking FDA approval for SFP, a drug used in the treatment of anemia. Obtaining FDA approval for any drug is expensive and can take a long time. We may not be successful in obtaining FDA approval for SFP. The FDA may change, expand or alter its requirements for testing, which may increase the scope, duration and cost of our

clinical development plan. Clinical trials are expensive and time consuming to complete, and we may not have sufficient funds to complete the clinical trials to obtain marketing approval. Our clinical trials might not prove successful. In addition, the FDA may order the temporary or permanent discontinuation of a clinical trial at any time. Many products that undergo clinical trials are never approved for patient use. Thus, it is possible that our new proprietary products may never be approved to be marketed. If we are unable to obtain marketing approval, our entire investment in new products may be worthless and our licensing rights could be forfeited.

 

Even if our new drug product is approved by the FDA, we may not be able to market it successfully.

 

Several drugs currently dominate treatment for iron deficiency and new drugs treating this indication will have to compete against existing products. It may be difficult to gain market acceptance of a new product. Nephrologists, anemia managers and dialysis chains may be slow to change their clinical practice protocols for new products or may not change their protocols at all.

 

Dialysis providers are dependent upon government reimbursement practices for the majority of their revenue. If we obtain approval for our new product, the product will be included as part of the single bundled payment rate implemented by Medicare in 2011 and will likely not require a separate reimbursement code as nearly all providers are expected to have adopted the single bundled payment rate prior to FDA approval to market SFP.

 

We may not be successful in maintaining our gross profit margins.

 

A significant portion of our costs are for chemicals and fuel which are subject to pricing volatility based on demand and are highly influenced by the overall level of economic activity in the U.S. and abroad. While our gross profit margins improved substantially in 2009 and to a lesser extent in 2010, due to a variety of factors including product mix shifts to less expensive products, reductions in fuel and chemical costs and increased product pricing, we may realize future cost and pricing pressure which may cause our gross profit margins to decrease. We began to incur such pressures during 2010 and expect to continue to incur them in 2011.

 

Our products are distribution-intensive, resulting in a high cost to deliver relative to the selling prices of our products. The cost of diesel fuel represents a significant operating cost for us. If oil costs increase or if oil prices spike upward, we may be unable to recover those increased costs through higher pricing. Also, as we increase our business in certain markets and regions, which are farther from our manufacturing facilities than we have historically served, we may incur additional costs that are greater than the additional revenue generated from these initiatives. Our customer mix may change to a less favorable customer base with lower gross profit margins.

 

Our competitors have often used bundling techniques to sell a broad range of products and have often offered low prices on dialysis concentrate products to induce customers to purchase their other higher margin products, such as dialysis machines and dialyzers. It may be difficult for us to raise prices due to these competitive pressures.

 

Our suppliers may increase their prices faster than we are able to raise our prices to offset such increases. We may have limited ability to gain a raw material pricing advantage by changing vendors for certain chemicals and packaging materials.

 

As we increase our manufacturing and distribution infrastructure we may incur costs for an indefinite period that are greater than the incremental revenue we derive from these expansion efforts.

 

We depend on government funding of healthcare.

 

Many of our customers receive the majority of their funding from the government and are supplemented by payments from private health care insurers. Our customers depend on Medicare and Medicaid funding to be viable businesses. A variety of changes to health insurance and reimbursement are included in health reform legislation recently enacted by Congress. Some of these changes could have a negative impact on Medicare and Medicaid funding, which fund the majority of dialysis costs in the United States, and on reimbursement protocols. If Medicare and Medicaid funding were to be materially decreased, our customers would be severely impacted, increasing our risk of not being paid in full by our customers. An increase in our exposure to uncollectible accounts could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In the United States, the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 or “MIPPA” changed the dialysis reimbursement method from the prior practice of separately billed services and medications to a single bundled rate, which became effective on January 1, 2011. Most dialysis providers are expected to adopt this method of reimbursement in 2011, which provides for a single payment per dialysis treatment compared to the current method consisting of a composite rate payment and separately billed drugs and services. This change in reimbursement practice was intended to reduce Medicare funding costs and to prompt dialysis providers to reduce their cost of dialysis services. This change increases the burden on dialysis treatment providers to effectively manage their cost of treatment and operations and may put more pressure on suppliers such as us to reduce provider’s costs. As a result, we may see increased pressure to reduce the prices of our products, which would have a negative impact on our revenue and gross profit margins. We anticipate that dialysis providers will continue to seek ways to reduce their costs per treatment due to this change in reimbursement practice which could reduce our sales and profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

As a result of these changes to Medicare reimbursement, industry observers also anticipate increased consolidation in the dialysis provider market which has been largely unchecked by the Federal Trade Commission to date. Continued consolidation in providers will likely result in increased purchasing leverage for providers across all dialysis product categories and increased pricing pressure on all suppliers to the industry.

 

Health care reform could adversely affect our business.

 

The federal and state governments in the United States, as well as many foreign governments, from time to time explore ways to reduce medical care costs through health care reform. The federal Medicare and Medicaid programs are facing financial challenges and are looking at ways to reduce the costs of the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Similarly, many states have large deficits which may prove unsustainable, resulting in defaults on state debt obligations which may ultimately result in the reduction or curtailment of health care benefits or state Medicaid reimbursement.

 

In the United States, Congress recently enacted health reform legislation that will make significant changes to the health care payment and delivery system. The health reform legislation requires employers to provide employees with insurance coverage that meets minimum eligibility and coverage requirements or face penalties. The legislation also includes provisions that will impact the number of individuals with insurance coverage, the types of coverage and level of health benefits that will be required and the amount of payment providers performing health care services will receive. The legislation imposes implementation effective dates beginning in 2010 and extending through 2020. Many of the changes require additional guidance from government agencies or federal regulations. Therefore, it is difficult to determine at this time what impact the health reform legislation will have on the Company or its customers. The proposed changes in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, could reduce our sales and profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the health reform legislation imposes fees or excise taxes on pharmaceutical and device manufacturers based on their revenues, which could also have a material adverse effect on the Company.

 

Orders from our international distributors may not result in recurring revenue.

 

Our revenue from international distributors may not recur consistently or at all. Such revenue is often dependent upon the availability of government funding in those nations and there may be local, regional or geopolitical changes that impact funding of healthcare expenditures in those nations.

 

We depend on key personnel.

 

Our success depends heavily on the efforts of Robert L. Chioini, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Richard Yocum MD, our Vice President of Drug Development & Medical Affairs, Dr. Ajay Gupta MD, our Chief Scientific Officer, and Thomas E. Klema, our Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer. Mr. Chioini is primarily responsible for managing our sales and marketing efforts. Dr. Yocum is primarily responsible for managing our product development efforts. Dr. Gupta is primarily responsible for discovery and development of new technologies. None of our executive management are parties to a current employment agreement with the Company. If we lose the services of Mr. Chioini, Dr. Yocum, Dr. Gupta or Mr. Klema, our business, product development efforts, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business is highly regulated.

 

The testing, manufacture and sale of the products we manufacture and distribute are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and by other federal, state and foreign authorities. Before medical devices can be commercially marketed in the United States, the FDA must give either 510(k) clearance or pre-market approval for the devices. If we do not comply with these requirements, we may be subject to a variety of sanctions, including fines, injunctions, seizure of products, suspension of production, denial of future regulatory approvals, withdrawal of existing regulatory approvals and criminal prosecution. Our business could be adversely affected by any of these actions.

 

Although our hemodialysis concentrates have been cleared by the FDA, it could rescind these clearances and any new products or modifications to our current products that we develop could fail to receive FDA clearance. If the FDA rescinds or denies any current or future clearances or approvals for our products, we would be prohibited from selling those products in the United States until we obtain such clearances or approvals. Our business would be adversely affected by any such prohibition, any delay in obtaining necessary regulatory approvals, and any limits placed by the FDA on our intended use. Our products are also subject to federal regulations regarding manufacturing quality. In addition, our new products will be subject to review as a pharmaceutical drug by the FDA. The process of obtaining such approval is time-consuming and expensive. In addition, changes in applicable regulatory requirements could significantly increase the costs of our operations and may reduce our profitability if we are unable to recover any such cost increases through higher prices.

 

We depend on contract research organizations and consultants to manage and conduct our clinical trials and if they fail to follow our protocol or meet FDA regulatory requirements our clinical trial data and results could be compromised causing us to delay our development plans or have to do more testing than planned.

 

We utilize a contract research organization to conduct our clinical trials in accordance with a specified protocol. We also contract with other third party service providers for clinical trial material production, packaging and labeling, lab testing, data management services as well as a number of other services. There can be no assurance that these organizations will fulfill their commitments to us on a timely basis or that the accuracy and quality of the clinical data they provide us will not be compromised by their failure to fulfill their obligations. If these service providers do not perform as contracted, our development plans could be adversely affected.

 

Foreign approvals to market our new drug products may be difficult to obtain.

 

The approval procedures for the marketing of our new drug products in foreign countries vary from country to country, and the time required for approval may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. Even after foreign approvals are obtained, further delays may be encountered before products may be marketed. Many countries require additional governmental approval for price reimbursement under national health insurance systems.

 

Additional studies may be required to obtain foreign regulatory approval. Further, some foreign regulatory agencies may require additional studies involving patients located in their countries.

 

We may not have sufficient products liability insurance.

 

As a supplier of medical products, we may face potential liability from a person who claims that he or she suffered harm as a result of using our products. We maintain products liability insurance in the amount of $3 million per occurrence and $3 million in the aggregate. We cannot be sure that it will remain economical to retain our current level of insurance, that our current insurance will remain available or that such insurance would be sufficient to protect us against liabilities associated with our business. We may be sued, and we may have significant legal expenses that are not covered by insurance. In addition, our reputation could be damaged by product liability litigation and that could harm our marketing ability. Any litigation could also hurt our ability to retain products liability insurance or make such insurance more expensive. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by an uninsured or inadequately insured product liability claim in the future.

Our Board of Directors is subject to potential deadlock.

 

Our Board of Directors presently has four members, and under our bylaws, approval by a majority of the Directors is required for many significant corporate actions. It is possible that our Board of Directors may be unable to obtain majority approval in certain circumstances, which would prevent us from taking action.

 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK

 

Shares eligible for future sale may affect the market price of our common shares.

 

We are unable to predict the effect, if any, that future sales of common shares, or the availability of our common shares for future sales, will have on the market price of our common shares from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares (including shares issued upon the exercise of stock options or warrants), or the possibility of such sales, could adversely affect the market price of our common shares and also impair our ability to raise capital through an offering of our equity securities in the future. As of December 31, 2010 an additional 3,318,569 shares may be issued upon exercise of outstanding warrants. In addition, as of December 31, 2010, there were an additional 20,000 warrants that become exercisable in 2011. In the future, we may issue additional shares or warrants in connection with investments or for other purposes considered advisable by our Board of Directors. Any substantial sale of our common shares may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common shares.

 

In addition, as of December 31, 2010, there were 3,680,223 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding and exercisable stock options, 1,609,111 shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options that are not yet exercisable and 310,333 additional shares available for grant under our 2007 Long Term Incentive Plan. Additional grants have been made in 2011. The market price of the common shares may be depressed by the potential exercise of these options. The holders of these options are likely to exercise them when we would otherwise be able to obtain additional capital on more favorable terms than those provided by the options.

 

The market price of our securities may be volatile.

 

The historically low trading volume of our common shares may also cause the market price of the common shares to fluctuate significantly in response to a relatively low number of trades or transactions.

 

Voting control and anti-takeover provisions reduce the likelihood that you will receive a takeover premium.

 

As of December 31, 2010, our officers and directors beneficially owned approximately 24.0% of our voting shares (assuming the exercise of exercisable options granted to such officers and directors). Accordingly, they may be able to effectively control our affairs. Our shareholders do not have the right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. In addition, the Board of Directors has the authority, without shareholder approval, to issue shares of preferred stock having such rights, preferences and privileges as the Board of Directors may determine. Any such issuance of preferred stock could, under certain circumstances, have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may adversely affect the rights of holders of common shares, including by decreasing the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of common shares and adversely affect the relative voting power or other rights of the holders of the common shares. In addition, we are subject to Michigan statutes regulating business combinations which might also hinder or delay a change in control. Anti-takeover provisions that could be included in the preferred stock when issued and the Michigan statutes regulating business combinations can have a depressive effect on the market price of our common shares and can limit shareholders’ ability to receive a premium on their shares by discouraging takeover and tender offers.

 

Our directors serve staggered three-year terms, and directors may not be removed without cause. Our Articles of Incorporation also set the minimum and maximum number of directors constituting the entire Board at three and fifteen, respectively, and require approval of holders of a majority of our voting shares to amend these provisions. These provisions could have an anti-takeover effect by making it more difficult to acquire us by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, or to remove incumbent directors. These provisions could delay, deter or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that a shareholder might consider in his or her best interests, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the common shares.

We do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

Since inception, we have not paid any cash dividend on our common shares and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends is within the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends upon our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and requirements, future prospects, restrictions in future financing agreements, business conditions and other factors deemed relevant by the Board. We intend to retain earnings and any cash resources to finance our operations and, therefore, it is highly unlikely we will pay cash dividends.

 

 

Not applicable.

 

 

We occupy a 51,000 square foot facility in Wixom, Michigan under a lease expiring in August 2012. We also occupy a 51,000 square foot facility in Grapevine, Texas under a lease expiring in December 2015. In addition, we lease a 57,000 square foot facility in Greer, South Carolina under a lease expiring in February 2013.

 

We intend to use each of our facilities to manufacture and warehouse our products. All such facilities and their contents are covered under various insurance policies which management believes provide adequate coverage. We also use the office space in Wixom, Michigan as our principal administrative office. With our continued growth we expect that we will require additional office space, manufacturing capacity and distribution facilities to meet our business requirements.

 

 

We are not currently subject to any litigation that we expect to have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

PART II

 

 

Our common shares trade on the Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “RMTI”. The prices below are the high and low sale prices as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market in each quarter during 2009 and 2010.

 

 

As of February 28, 2011, there were 31 holders of record of our common shares.

Dividends

 

Our Board of Directors has discretion whether or not to pay dividends. Among the factors our Board of Directors considers when determining whether or not to pay dividends are our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, future business prospects and business conditions. We have never paid any cash dividends on our common shares and do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain earnings, if any, to finance the development and expansion of our operations.

 

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

 

The information contained under “Item 12 — Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” is incorporated herein by reference.

Performance Graph

 

The following graph compares the cumulative 5-year total return of holders of the Company’s common stock with the cumulative total returns of the Russell 2000 index and the Nasdaq Biotechnology index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our common stock and in each of the indexes (with reinvestment of all dividends, if any) on December 31, 2005 with relative performance tracked through December 31, 2010. The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

 

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc., The Russell 2000 Index
And The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index

 

 

 

*$100 invested on 12/31/05 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.

 

 

The information furnished under the heading “Stock Performance Graph” shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, and such information shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

The financial data in the following tables should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Form 10-K.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Overview and Recent Developments

 

Rockwell Medical operates in a single business segment as a specialty pharmaceutical company offering innovative products targeting end-stage renal disease, chronic kidney disease, and iron deficiency anemia. As an established manufacturer delivering high-quality hemodialysis concentrates to dialysis providers and distributors in the U.S. and abroad, we provide products used to maintain human life, remove toxins and replace critical nutrients in the dialysis patient’s bloodstream.

 

We are currently developing unique, proprietary renal drug therapies. These novel renal drug therapies support disease management initiatives to improve the quality of life and care of dialysis patients and are designed to deliver safe and effective therapy, while decreasing drug administration costs and improving patient convenience and outcome.

 

Our strategy is to develop high potential drug candidates while also expanding our dialysis products business, which had sales of $59.6 million in 2010. Our dialysis products business was cash flow positive in 2010, which largely funded the cash requirements for our product development efforts that totaled $3.4 million in 2010.

 

Our product development costs were primarily related to SFP, our lead drug candidate. We believe our SFP product has unique and substantive benefits compared to current treatment options and has the potential to compete in the iron maintenance therapy market. The cost to obtain regulatory approval for a drug in the United States is expensive and can take several years. We expect to incur substantial costs on product testing and development over the next several years and expect to incur losses from operations until SFP is approved and marketed. In addition to our SFP testing and approval process, we plan to spend additional amounts on testing and development of extensions of SFP technology as well as on other opportunities.

 

As of December 31, 2010 we had $24.2 million in cash and investments. We expect to generate additional cash from our business operations and anticipate raising additional cash from other sources which may include the exercise of in-the money warrants, possible out-licensing of SFP technology outside the United States, licensing of certain SFP product line extensions and other capital raising alternatives as needed.

 

In 2010, our business operating results continued to reflect the improvements realized since 2009 when we took actions to reduce costs and improve our pricing. We continued to benefit from a shift to lower cost products by our customers which further improved our gross profit margins in 2010. Conversion to our Dri-Sate Dry Acid product line typically results in lower sales and cost per treatment for the customer while the lower associated distribution costs helps to increase our gross profit margins.

 

While we achieved a historical annual high gross profit margin of 16.6% for 2010, we anticipate downward pressure on our gross profit margins in 2011. We anticipate that continued increases in fuel and other costs in 2011, along with competitive pricing pressures in the renal market, will cause our 2011 gross profit margins to decline moderately from 2010 levels.

 

We could also experience changes in our customer and product mix in future quarters that could impact gross profit, since we sell a wide range of products with varying profit margins and to customers with varying order patterns. These changes in mix may cause our gross profit and our gross profit margins to vary period to period. As we add business in certain markets and regions in order to increase the scale of our business operations, we may incur additional costs that are greater than the additional revenue generated from these initiatives until we have achieved a scale of operations that is profitable.

 

The majority of our business is with domestic clinics who order routinely. Certain major distributors of our products internationally have not ordered consistently, however, resulting in variation in our sales from period to period. We anticipate that we will realize substantial orders from time to time from our largest international distributors but we expect the size and frequency of these orders to fluctuate from period to period. These orders may increase in future periods or may not recur at all.

Results of Operations

 

For the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the year ended December 31, 2009

 

Sales

 

In 2010, our sales were $59.6 million, an increase of $4.8 million or 8.8% over 2009. This increase was primarily due to increased international sales of $7.4 million or 113% partially offset by a $2.8 million or 5.8% decrease in domestic sales. Our international sales in 2010 were 23% of total sales compared to 12% of sales in 2009. The increase in our international sales was primarily due to increased sales to a single distributor. Our domestic sales were negatively impacted by customer conversions to lower cost formulations and conversions to Dri-Sate Dry Acid product line resulting in lower sales but at higher gross profit levels. Customers continue to migrate from liquid to dry acid concentrate with unit volumes up 28% in 2010 over 2009. In 2010, we received a research grant of $0.25 million from the U.S. government for SFP related research and testing which was recorded in sales.

 

Gross Profit

 

Our gross profit in 2010 was $9.9 million, an increase of $2.0 million or 25% over 2009. Our gross profit margins increased to 16.6% in 2010 compared to 14.4% in 2009. The improvement in our gross profit was primarily due to significant changes to our product mix over the last two years coupled with lower operating and procurement costs along with higher selling prices. Our product mix was favorably impacted by the continued conversion of customers to our Dri-Sate product line and to lower cost formulations of our dialysis concentrates. We also realized increased sales volumes in 2010 which contributed to the increase in our overall gross profit. These gains were partially offset by moderate increases in material, fuel and other operational costs over 2009.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $9.3 million in 2010 compared to $6.9 million in 2009, an increase of $2.4 million, which was primarily due to increases in non-cash charges for equity compensation ($1.7 million), compensation ($0.5 million) and other operating expenses ($0.2 million). Non-cash equity compensation aggregated $4.0 million in 2010 compared to $2.35 million in 2009 with approximately $0.25 million of the increase due to non-employee equity compensation.

 

Research and Development

 

We incurred product development and research costs related to the commercial development, patent approval and regulatory approval of new products, including SFP, aggregating approximately $3.4 million and $6.5 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Costs incurred in both 2010 and 2009 were primarily for conducting human clinical trials of SFP and other SFP testing and development activities. During 2009, we conducted a Phase IIb study, which was completed in late 2009. Our SFP Phase III clinical program commenced in early 2011 and we expect to see research and development spending increase over 2010 levels as a result.

 

Interest Income and Expense, Net

 

Net interest income in 2010 increased by $205,000 compared to 2009 primarily due to a $190,000 increase in interest income from our cash investments as a result of higher investable funds resulting from the proceeds of the October 2009 equity offering.

 

Income Tax Expense

 

We have substantial tax loss carryforwards from our earlier losses. We have not recorded a federal income tax benefit from either our prior losses or our current year losses because we might not realize the carryforward benefit of the remaining losses.

For the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the year ended December 31, 2008

 

Sales

 

In 2009, our sales were $54.7 million, an increase of $3.1 million or 5.9% over 2008. This increase was due to growth in both our domestic sales of $1.6 million or 3.3% and in our international sales of $1.5 million or 30%. Our international sales were 12% of total sales in 2009 compared to 10% of sales in 2008. The majority of our sales growth in 2009 came from unit volume growth primarily in our Dri-Sate Dry Acid product line as customers continued to migrate from liquid to dry acid concentrate, and to a lesser extent from conversion from higher cost formulations to lower cost formulations. In addition, our average selling prices increased approximately 2.3% in 2009.

 

Gross Profit

 

Our gross profit in 2009 was $7.9 million, an increase of $5.4 million or 215% over 2008. Our gross profit margins increased to 14.4% in 2009 compared to 4.9% in 2008. The improvement in our gross profit was primarily due to significant changes to our product mix coupled with lower operating and procurement costs and higher sales prices. Our product mix was favorably impacted by the continued conversion of customers to our Dri-Sate product line and to lower cost formulations of our dialysis concentrates. Dri-Sate case volume increased by 35% in 2009 compared to 2008. We also benefitted from lower diesel fuel costs and chemical procurement costs.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative, or “SG&A,” expenses were $6.9 million or 12.6% of sales in 2009 compared to 13.1% of sales in 2008. SG&A costs increased $0.15 million compared to 2008, primarily due to an increase in non-cash charges for equity compensation, which aggregated $2.35 million in 2009 compared to $1.45 million in 2008, and minor increases in compensation and other operating expense. The increase was offset by the effect of legal and settlement costs of $925,000 related to the settlement of certain litigation in 2008.

 

Research and Development

 

We incurred product development and research costs related to the commercial development, patent approval and regulatory approval of new products, including SFP, aggregating approximately $6.5 million and $3.8 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively. Costs incurred in both 2009 and 2008 were primarily for conducting human clinical trials of SFP.

 

Interest Expense, Net

 

Net interest expense in 2009 increased by $241,000 compared to 2008 primarily due to a $268,000 reduction in interest income from our cash investments as a result of lower investable funds and a substantially lower interest rate environment in 2009 compared to 2008. The investment of the proceeds of the October 2009 equity offering in short term investments had an immaterial effect on interest income in 2009.

 

Income Tax Expense

 

We have substantial tax loss carryforwards from our earlier losses. We have not recorded a federal income tax benefit from either our prior losses or our current year losses because we might not realize the carryforward benefit of the remaining losses.

 

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

 

Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These accounting principles require us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and contingencies. All significant estimates, judgments and assumptions are developed based on the best information available to us at the time made and are regularly reviewed and updated when necessary. Actual results will generally differ from these estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in our financial statements in the period of

change based upon on-going actual experience, trends, or subsequent realization depending on the nature and predictability of the estimates and contingencies.

 

Interim changes in estimates are generally applied prospectively within annual periods. Certain accounting estimates, including those concerning revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, impairments of long-lived assets, and accounting for income taxes, are considered to be critical in evaluating and understanding our financial results because they involve inherently uncertain matters and their application requires the most difficult and complex judgments and estimates. These are described below. For further information on our accounting policies, see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Revenue recognition

 

We recognize revenue at the time we transfer title to our products to our customers consistent with generally accepted accounting principles. Our products are generally sold domestically on a delivered basis and as a result we do not recognize revenue until delivered to the customer with title transferring upon completion of the delivery. For our international sales, we recognize revenue upon the transfer of title as defined by standard shipping terms and conventions uniformly recognized in international trade.

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

Accounts receivable are stated at invoice amounts. The carrying amount of trade accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our best estimate of accounts that may not be collected. We review outstanding trade account receivable balances and based on our assessment of expected collections, we estimate the portion, if any, of the balance that may not be collected as well as a general valuation allowance for other accounts receivable based primarily on historical experience. All accounts or portions thereof deemed to be uncollectible are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts. If we underestimate the allowance, we would incur a current period expense which could have a material adverse effect on earnings.

 

Impairments of long-lived assets

 

We account for impairment of long-lived assets, which include property and equipment, amortizable intangible assets and goodwill, in accordance with authoritative accounting pronouncements. An impairment review is performed annually or whenever a change in condition occurs which indicates that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable. Such changes may include changes in our business strategies and plans, changes to our customer contracts, changes to our product lines and changes in our operating practices. We use a variety of factors to assess the realizable value of long-lived assets depending on their nature and use.

 

Goodwill is not amortized; however, it must be tested for impairment at least annually. The goodwill impairment analysis is based on the fair market value of our common shares. Amortization continues to be recorded for other intangible assets with definite lives over the estimated useful lives. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable based on future cash flows. If we determine that goodwill has been impaired, the change in value will be accounted for as a current period expense and could have a material adverse effect on earnings.

 

Accounting for income taxes

 

We estimate our income tax provision to recognize our tax expense and our deferred tax liabilities and assets for future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements using current enacted tax laws. Deferred tax assets must be assessed based upon the likelihood of recoverability from future taxable income and to the extent that recovery is not likely, a valuation allowance is established. The allowance is regularly reviewed and updated for changes in circumstances that would cause a change in judgment about whether the related deferred tax asset may be realized. These calculations and assessments involve complex estimates and judgments because the ultimate tax outcome can be uncertain and future events unpredictable. If we determine that the deferred tax asset will be realized in the future, it may result in a material beneficial effect on earnings.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Our strategy is centered on obtaining regulatory approval to market SFP and developing other high potential drug candidates, while also expanding our dialysis products business. We expect to expend substantial amounts in support of our clinical development plan and regulatory approval of SFP and its extensions and other product development opportunities. These initiatives will require the expenditure of substantial cash resources. We expect our cash needs for research and development spending to increase substantially in 2011 over 2010 as clinical development and patient testing activities increase for our Phase III clinical testing program for SFP. The timing and magnitude of such spending is largely dependent upon the initiation and pace of execution of the Phase III trials. We will invest in our Phase III clinical development program as well as other development initiatives over the next two years.

 

Our cash resources include cash generated from our business operations and the proceeds from our equity offering in 2009. Our current assets exceeded our current liabilities by over $26.2 million as of December 31, 2010 and included $24.2 million in cash and short term investments. In 2010, we generated $2.1 million in cash from operating activities which included research and product development costs of $3.4 million. Cash generated from improved operating results was partially offset by a $1.0 million increase in accounts receivable as a result of a large early payment made prior to year end which temporarily decreased accounts receivable at December 31, 2009. In 2010, we invested $0.8 million in capital expenditures compared to depreciation expense of $1.3 million.

 

We believe our current and prospective sources of cash resources are sufficient to fund our anticipated research and development activities as well as our ordinary course operating cash requirements in 2011 and 2012. We expect to generate positive cash flow from operations in 2011, excluding the effect of our research and development expenses, assuming relative stability in the markets for fuel and our key raw materials and relatively stable revenues. In addition, we may realize substantial cash proceeds from warrants that expire in each of the next two years. However, if we use more cash than anticipated for SFP development, or are required to do more testing than expected or if the assumptions underlying our cash flow projections for the next two years prove to be incorrect, or if we pursue opportunities to expand our business, we may need to obtain additional cash, such as through equity financing, debt financing of capital expenditures or a line of credit, to supplement our working capital. We explore opportunities from time to time to increase our cash resources, to reduce our liquidity risk and to have resources available to permit us to pursue expansion opportunities. Alternatively, we may seek to enter into product development arrangements with an international partner in order to fully execute our strategic plan. We may also evaluate alternative sources of business development funding, licensing agreements with international marketing partners, sub-licensing of certain products for certain markets and other potential funding sources.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table details our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2010:

 

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition.

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

Our current exposure to interest rate risk is limited to changes in interest rates on short term investments of cash. As of December 31, 2010, we had $8.5 million in short term investments in a money market fund and $11.9 million in short term bond funds.

 

A hypothetical 100 basis point increase in market interest rates for short term liquid investments would increase our annualized interest income by approximately $0.1 million, assuming we invested $8.5 million in short term investments and that level remained constant for the year. We did not perform an analysis of a 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates as such an analysis would be meaningless.

 

We have invested $11.9 million in available for sale securities which are invested in short term bond funds which typically yield higher returns than the interest realized in money market funds. While these funds hold bonds of short term duration, their market value is affected by changes in interest rates. Increases in interest rates will reduce the market value of bonds held in these funds and we may incur unrealized losses from the reduction in market value of the fund. If we liquidate our position in these funds, those unrealized losses may result in realized losses which may or may not exceed the interest and dividends earned from those funds. However, due to the short duration of these short term bond fund portfolios, we do not believe that a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates will have a material impact on the value of our investment portfolio.

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

 

Our international business is conducted in U.S. dollars. It has not been our practice to hedge the risk of appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the predominant currencies of our trading partners. We have no significant foreign currency exposure to foreign supplied materials, and an immediate 10% strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar would not have a material impact on our shareholders’ equity or net income.

 

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Registrant required by this item are set forth on pages F-1 through F-20 and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

None.

 

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure material information required to be disclosed in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognized that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

 

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. We maintain internal control over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Therefore, internal control over financial reporting determined to be effective provides only reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010. In making its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, management used the criteria described in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Our evaluation included documenting, evaluating and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Based on this evaluation, we concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010.

 

Plante & Moran, PLLC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as auditors of our consolidated financial statements, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010. Plante & Moran, PLLC’s report, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, is included herein.

 

Changes in Internal Controls

 

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the Company’s evaluation of such internal controls that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2010 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

None.

 

PART III

 

 

The required information will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and (excluding the Report of the Audit Committee) is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

The required information will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors,” “Other Information Relating to Directors” and “Compensation Committee” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

The required information will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Voting Securities and Principal Holders” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

 

The following table summarizes our compensation plans, including individual compensation arrangements, under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance as of December 31, 2010:

 

 

In 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, we issued warrants to purchase common shares pursuant to compensation arrangements with various non-employee consultants who provide (or provided) services to us, including providing investor relations consulting services and introducing the Company to potential licensing partners and acquisition candidates and acting as a liaison to the equity investment community. These were not issued under a preexisting plan and shareholder approval for these transactions was not required or sought. The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon exercise of the warrants are subject to adjustment in certain events including: (a) a stock dividend payable in common stock, stock split, or subdivision of our common stock; and (b) reclassification of our common stock or any reorganization, consolidation, merger, or sale, lease, license, exchange or other transfer of all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company.

 

As of October 3, 2007, we entered into a consulting agreement pursuant to which we have issued warrants to acquire 135,000 Common Shares. The warrants were earned at the rate of 15,000 warrants per month of service. The first 90,000 warrants that were earned have an exercise price of $7.00 per share and the remaining 45,000 warrants have an exercise price of $7.50 per share and in each case are exercisable for cash. The warrants expire at the close of business on October 3, 2011. These warrants became exercisable on the first anniversary of the date on which they were earned and may be exercised in whole or in part at any time until their expiration. The Common Shares underlying these warrants have been registered for resale by the holder under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

On November 28, 2007, we entered into an agreement pursuant to which we issued warrants to acquire 80,000 Common Shares at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, exercisable for cash at any time during the period from November 28, 2008 to November 28, 2012. The Common Shares underlying these warrants have been registered for resale by the holder under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

On May 28, 2008, we entered into an advisory agreement pursuant to which we issued warrants to acquire 100,000 Common Shares. The warrants were immediately earned and became exercisable on May 28, 2009. The warrants will expire on May 28, 2012. The warrants would have expired upon a termination of the agreement prior to May 28, 2009 (A) by us due to a material breach of the agreement by the consultant or (B) by the consultant. The warrants have an exercise price of $9.00 per share and may be exercised on a cashless basis or for cash. The Common Shares underlying these warrants have been registered for resale by the holder under the Securities Act of 1933. During 2010, we agreed to extend the term and revise the exercise price of these warrants in consideration for additional services. The exercise price of these warrants was reduced to $8.00 from $9.00 and their term extended by one year to May 28, 2013.

 

On September 30, 2008, we entered into an advisory agreement pursuant to which we issued warrants to acquire 60,000 Common Shares. The warrants were earned in 20,000 share increments on September 30, 2008, January 1, 2009 and July 1, 2009. The warrants became exercisable on January 1, 2010 and will expire on September 30, 2012. Upon a termination of the agreement (A) by us due to a material breach of the agreement by the consultant or (B) by the consultant, any unearned warrants at the time of such termination would have expired. The warrants have an

exercise price of $6.50 per share and may be exercised on a cashless basis or for cash. The Common Shares underlying these warrants have been registered for resale by the holder under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

In November 2008, the Company entered into an advisory agreement, as amended, pursuant to which we issued warrants to acquire a total of 700,000 Common Shares. All of the warrants were immediately earned. Warrants to purchase 300,000 Common Shares at an exercise price of $1.99 per share became exercisable on November 5, 2009, and will expire on November 5, 2011. The warrants would have expired upon an earlier termination of the agreement prior to November 5, 2009 (A) by us due to a material breach of the agreement by the consultant or (B) by the consultant. Warrants to purchase 400,000 Common Shares will become exercisable on November 5, 2010, and will expire on the earlier of (i) November 5, 2011, or (ii) the termination of the agreement prior to November 5, 2010 (A) by us due to a material breach of the agreement by the consultant or (B) by the consultant. One-half of these warrants have an exercise price of $4.54, and the remainder have an exercise price of $7.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable only for cash. The Common Shares underlying these warrants have been registered for resale by the holder under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

On September 29, 2009, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with two co-placement agents related to the registered direct offering by the Company of Common Shares and warrants to purchase Common Shares that closed on October 5, 2009. At the closing, the Company issued to the placement agents warrants to purchase 85,200 Common Shares, which was 3.0% of the Common Shares sold in the offering, at an exercise price of $9.55 per share. These warrants became exercisable six months after the date of issuance thereof and expire October 5, 2012. These warrants and the underlying shares were issued pursuant to registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-160791) filed with the SEC.

 

On March 8, 2010, we entered into an advisory agreement pursuant to which we issued warrants to acquire 20,000 Common Shares . The warrants were issued as compensation for investor relations consulting services. The advisory agreement was scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2010 but could be terminated by either party upon 30 days prior written notice. The warrants were to be earned in 5,000 share increments on March 8, 2010, April 1, 2010, July 1, 2010, and October 1, 2010. The warrants will become exercisable on March 8, 2011 and will expire on March 8, 2013. Upon a termination of the advisory agreement (A) by us due to a material breach of the agreement by RJ Aubrey or (B) by RJ Aubrey, any unearned warrants at the time of such termination would expire. The warrants have an exercise price of $6.14 per share. Once exercisable, the warrants may be exercised in whole or in part at any time until their expiration by the submission of an exercise notice accompanied by payment of the exercise price in cash or certified check or by cashless exercise. The agreement was terminated prior to the final installment being earned, such that only 15,000 of the warrants became earned.

 

On September 1, 2010, we issued 5,000 warrants with an exercise price of $8.00 as consideration for services . The warrants become exercisable on September 1, 2011 and may be exercised in whole or in part at any time until their expiration by the submission of an exercise notice accompanied by payment of the exercise price in cash or certified check or by cashless exercise. The warrants will expire on the earlier of (i) May 28, 2013, or (ii) the termination of the agreement prior to September 1, 2011 (A) by us due to a material breach of the agreement by the holder or (B) by the holder.

 

 

The required information will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Other Information Relating to Directors” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

The required information will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Independent Accountants” and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

(a) The financial statements and schedule filed herewith are set forth on the Index to Financial Statements and Schedule of the separate financial section of this annual report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 

The following documents are filed as part of this report or were previously filed and incorporated herein by reference to the filing indicated. Exhibits not required for this report have been omitted. Our Commission file number is 000-23-661.

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (Registrant)

 

Robert L. Chioini

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

Date: March 7, 2011

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 7, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

Clinton Township, Michigan

March 7, 2011

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary

 

We have audited Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiary (the Company) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010 and related financial statement schedule and our report dated March 7, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

Plante & Moran, PLLC

 

Clinton Township, Michigan

March 7, 2011

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of December 31, 2010 and 2009

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS

For The Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY &
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For The Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

For The Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008

 

 

Supplemental Cash Flow disclosure

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

We manufacture, sell and distribute hemodialysis concentrates and other ancillary medical products and supplies used in the treatment of patients with End Stage Renal Disease, or “ESRD”. We supply our products to medical service providers who treat patients with kidney disease. Our products are used to cleanse patients’ blood and replace nutrients lost during the kidney dialysis process. We primarily sell our products in the United States.

 

We are regulated by the Federal Food and Drug Administration under the Federal Drug and Cosmetics Act, as well as by other federal, state and local agencies. We have received 510(k) approval from the FDA to market hemodialysis solutions and powders. We also have 510(k) approval to sell our Dri-Sate Dry Acid Concentrate product line and our Dri-Sate Mixer.

 

We have obtained global licenses for certain dialysis related drugs which we are developing and seeking FDA approval to market. We plan to devote substantial resources to the development, testing and FDA approval of our lead drug candidate.

 

 

Basis of Presentation

 

Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts for our wholly owned subsidiary, Rockwell Transportation, Inc.

 

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We recognize revenue at the time we transfer title to our products to our customers consistent with generally accepted accounting principles. Generally, we recognize revenue when our products are delivered to our customer’s location consistent with our terms of sale. We recognize revenue for international shipments when title has transferred consistent with standard terms of sale.

 

We require certain customers, mostly international customers, to pay for product prior to the transfer of title to the customer. Deposits received from customers and payments in advance for orders are recorded as liabilities under Customer Deposits until such time as orders are filled and title transfers to the customer consistent with our terms of sale. At December 31, 2010 and 2009 we had customer deposits of $165,476 and $250,915, respectively.

 

Shipping and Handling Revenue and Costs

 

Our products are generally priced on a delivered basis with the price of delivery included in the overall price of our products which is reported as sales. Separately identified freight and handling charges are also included in sales.

 

We include shipping and handling costs, including expenses of Rockwell Transportation, Inc., in cost of sales.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

We consider cash on hand, money market funds and unrestricted certificates of deposit with an original maturity of 90 days or less as cash and cash equivalents.

 

Investments Available for Sale

 

Investments Available for Sale are short-term investments, consisting principally of investments in short term duration bond funds, and are stated at fair value based upon observed market prices (Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy). Unrealized holding gains or losses on these securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Realized gains and losses, including declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary on

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

available-for-sale securities are included as a component of other income or expense. There were no such realized gains or losses during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.

 

Accounts Receivable

 

Accounts receivable are stated at invoice amounts. The carrying amount of trade accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our best estimate of accounts that may not be collected. We review outstanding trade accounts receivable balances and based on our assessment of expected collections, we estimate the portion, if any, of the balance that may not be collected as well as a general valuation allowance for other accounts receivable based primarily on historical experience. All accounts or portions thereof deemed to be uncollectible are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts.

 

Inventory

 

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on the first-in first-out (FIFO) method.

 

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over their useful lives, which range from three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of their useful lives or the related lease term.

 

Licensing Fees

 

License fees related to the technology, intellectual property and marketing rights for dialysate iron covered under certain issued patents have been capitalized and are being amortized over the life of the related patents which is generally 17 years.

 

Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Long Lived Assets

 

The recorded amounts of goodwill and other intangibles from prior business combinations are based on management’s best estimates of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized; however, it must be tested for impairment at least annually. Amortization continues to be recorded for other intangible assets with definite lives over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

 

An impairment review of goodwill, intangible assets, and property and equipment is performed annually or whenever a change in condition occurs which indicates that the carrying amounts of assets may not be recoverable. Such changes may include changes in our business strategies and plans, changes to our customer contracts, changes to our product lines and changes in our operating practices. We use a variety of factors to assess the realizable value of long-lived assets depending on their nature and use.

 

The useful lives of other intangible assets are based on management’s best estimates of the period over which the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to our future cash flows. Management annually evaluates the remaining useful lives of intangible assets with finite useful lives to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining amortization periods. It is reasonably possible that management’s estimates of the carrying amount of goodwill and the remaining useful lives of other intangible assets may change in the near term.

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Income Taxes

 

We account for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740-10, Income Taxes. A current tax liability or asset is recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable on tax returns for the year. Deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognized for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between book and tax accounting and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if we determine it to be more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

 

The effects of tax positions are generally recognized in the financial statements consistent with amounts reflected in returns filed, or expected to be filed, with taxing authorities. For tax positions that the Company considers to be uncertain, current and deferred tax liabilities are recognized, or assets derecognized, when it is probable that an income tax liability has been incurred and the amount of the liability is reasonably estimable, or when it is probable that a tax benefit, such as a tax credit or loss carryforward, will be disallowed by a taxing authority. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions is insignificant.

 

Research and Product Development

 

We recognize research and product development costs as expenses as incurred. We incurred product development and research costs related to the commercial development, patent approval and regulatory approval of new products, including iron supplemented dialysate, aggregating approximately $3,422,000, $6,454,000 and $3,830,000 in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

 

We are conducting human clinical trials on iron supplemented dialysate and we recognize the costs of the human clinical trials as the costs are incurred and services performed over the duration of the trials.

 

Share Based Compensation

 

We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for equity awards, including stock options, based on the grant date fair value of the awards in accordance with ASC 718-10, Compensation — Stock Compensation. The cost of equity based compensation is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the awards.

 

We estimate the fair value of compensation involving stock options utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This model requires the input of several factors such as the expected option term, expected volatility of our stock price over the expected option term, and an expected forfeiture rate, and is subject to various assumptions. We believe the valuation methodology is appropriate for estimating the fair value of stock options we grant to employees and directors which are subject to ASC 718-10 requirements. These amounts are estimates and thus may not be reflective of actual future results or amounts ultimately realized by recipients of these grants.

 

Employee Retirement Plans

 

We are the sponsor of a non-contributory 401(k) Employee Savings Plan.

 

Net Earnings per Share

 

We computed our basic earnings (loss) per share using weighted average shares outstanding for each respective period. Diluted earnings per share also reflect the weighted average impact from the date of issuance of all potentially dilutive securities, consisting of stock options and common share purchase warrants, unless inclusion

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

would have had an antidilutive effect. Actual weighted average shares outstanding used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share were:

 

 

For 2010, 2009 and 2008, the dilutive effect of stock options and common share purchase warrants have not been included in the average shares outstanding for the calculation of diluted loss per share as the effect would be anti-dilutive as a result of our net loss in these periods.

 

At December 31, 2010, potentially dilutive securities comprised 5,289,334 stock options exercisable at prices from $.55 to $8.35, 3,338,569 common share purchase warrants exercisable at prices ranging from $1.99 to $10.00 and 310,000 unvested restricted common shares.

 

At December 31, 2009, potentially dilutive securities comprised 4,441,500 stock options exercisable at prices from $.55 to $8.35, 3,318,569 common share purchase warrants exercisable at prices ranging from $1.99 to $10.00 and 150,000 unvested restricted common shares.

 

At December, 31, 2008, potentially dilutive securities comprised 4,063,031 stock options exercisable at prices from $.55 to $6.50, 2,114,169 common share purchase warrants exercisable at prices ranging from $1.99 to $10.00 and 150,000 unvested restricted common shares.

 

Disclosures About Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The carrying amounts of all significant financial instruments, comprising cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short maturities of these instruments.

 

Fair Market Value Measurements

 

Accounting standards require certain assets and liabilities be reported at fair value in the financial statements and provides a framework for establishing that fair value. The framework for determining fair value is based on a hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels, which are described below:

 

 

In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considering counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value. We value our available-for-sale investment securities, consisting solely of bond mutual funds, using Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. We do not have other financial assets that would be characterized as Level 2 or Level 3 assets.

 

The Company also has certain non-financial assets that under certain conditions are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. No such measurements were required in 2010 or 2009.

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income. Certain changes in assets and liabilities, however, such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, are reported as a direct adjustment to the equity section of the balance sheet. Such items, along with net income (loss), are considered components of comprehensive income (loss).

 

Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

 

We hold investments in available for sale securities in several short term bond funds. These funds generally hold high credit quality short term debt instruments. These debt instruments are subject to changes in fair market value due to changes in interest rates. In the fourth quarter of 2010 we initially invested $12,000,000 in these funds and as of December 31, 2010 our gross investment in such funds aggregated $12,151,444 including interest and dividends income from these funds aggregating $151,773 in the fourth quarter of 2010 which were reinvested in those funds. The market value of these investments was $11,938,098 as of December 31, 2010 and we recognized unrealized losses of $213,623 related to these investments. The Company evaluated the near term interest rate environment, the expected holding period of the investments along with the duration of the fund portfolios in assessing the severity and duration of the potential impairment. Based on that evaluation the Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2010. No such investments were made prior to the fourth quarter of 2010. During 2010 there were no sales proceeds or realized gains and losses on securities classified as available-for-sale.

 

 

We operate in one market segment which involves the manufacture and distribution of hemodialysis concentrates, dialysis kits and ancillary products used in the dialysis process to hemodialysis clinics. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, one customer, DaVita, Inc., accounted for 42%, 50% and 51% of our sales, respectively. Our accounts receivable from this customer were $2,336,526 and $1,267,500 as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. We are dependent on this key customer and the loss of its business would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. One distributor accounted for 15% of our sales in 2010 and due to credit arrangements with this distributor no accounts receivable were due as of December 31, 2010. No other customers accounted for more than 10% of our sales.

 

The majority of our international sales in each of the last three years were sales to domestic distributors that were resold to end users outside the United States. Our sales to foreign customers and distributors were less than 5% of our total sales in 2010 and 2009. We have no assets outside the United States. Our total international sales, including sales to domestic distributors for resale outside the United States, aggregated 23%, 12%, and 10% of overall sales in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

 

Components of inventory as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:

 

 

 

Major classes of property and equipment, stated at cost, as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:

 

 

Included in the table above are assets under capital lease obligations as follows:

 

 

Depreciation expense was $1,341,472 for 2010, $1,202,438 for 2009 and $881,025 for 2008.

 

 

Total goodwill was $920,745 at December 31, 2010 and 2009. We completed our annual impairment tests as of November 30, 2010 and 2009, and determined that no adjustment for impairment of goodwill was required.

 

We have entered into a global licensing agreement for certain patents covering a therapeutic drug compound to be delivered using our dialysate product lines. We intend to seek FDA approval for this product. We have capitalized the licensing fees paid for the rights to use this patented technology as an intangible asset.

 

As of December 31, 2010 we had capitalized licensing fees of $375,005, net of accumulated amortization of $208,348. During 2010, we fully amortized the remaining portion of a separate license agreement for vitamins and carnitine in dialysate when we determined the asset was impaired following the loss of patent protection for the product.

 

As of December 31, 2009 we had capitalized licensing fees of $375,387, net of accumulated amortization of $161,050.

 

Our policy is to amortize licensing fees over the life of the patents pertaining to the licensing agreements. We recognized amortization expense of $47,299 in 2010, $31,268 in 2009 and $30,693 in 2008. Estimated amortization

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

expense for licensing fees for 2011 through 2016 is approximately $28,000 per year. One of the licensing agreements requires additional payments upon achievement of certain milestones.

 

 

We entered into capital lease obligations primarily related to equipment with a fair market value aggregating $8,688 and $25,400 for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. In addition, we have other capital lease obligations related to financing other equipment. These capital lease obligations require even monthly installments through 2013 and interest rates on the leases range from 4% to 15%. These obligations under capital leases had outstanding balances of $26,965 and $62,000 at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

 

Future minimum lease payments under capital lease obligations are:

 

 

 

We lease our production facilities and administrative offices as well as certain equipment used in our operations. The lease terms range from monthly to five years. We occupy a 51,000 square foot facility in Wixom, Michigan under a lease expiring in August 2012. We also occupy a 51,000 square foot facility in Grapevine, Texas under a lease expiring in December 2015. In addition, we lease a 57,000 square foot facility in Greer, South Carolina under a lease expiring February 2013.

 

Lease payments under all operating leases were $2,211,080, $2,191,884 and $2,132,731 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

 

Future minimum rental payments under operating lease agreements are as follows:

 

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

 

A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to income tax expense at our effective tax rate is as follows:

 

 

The details of the net deferred tax asset are as follows:

 

 

Deferred tax assets result primarily from net operating loss carryforwards. For tax purposes, we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $29,794,000 that expire between 2012 and 2029 with approximately $975,000 expiring in 2012 and the remainder expiring between 2018 through 2030.

 

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We recognized no income tax expense or benefit for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. Due to anticipated spending on research and development over the next several years, coupled with our limited history of operating income and our net losses in 2010, 2009 and 2008, management has placed a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. The portion of the valuation allowance resulting from excess tax benefits on share based compensation that would be credited directly to contributed capital if recognized in subsequent periods would be $1.1 million.

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Since January 1, 2007, the Company has accounted for its uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740-10, Income Taxes and the amount of unrecognized tax benefits related to tax positions is not significant at December 31, 2010 and 2009.

 

 

Our authorized capital stock consists of 40,000,000 common shares, no par value per share, of which 17,513,608 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2010, 17,200,442 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2009 and 14,104,690 shares were outstanding at December 31, 2008; 2,000,000 preferred shares, none of which were issued or outstanding at December 31, 2010, 2009 or 2008 and 1,416,664 shares of 8.5% non-voting cumulative redeemable Series A Preferred Shares, $1.00 par value, of which none were outstanding at December 31, 2010, 2009 or 2008.

 

During 2010, we issued 78,166 common shares from the exercise of stock options by employees and realized proceeds of $90,448. The weighted average exercise price of options exercised was $1.16. The Board of Directors approved restricted stock grants totaling 235,000 shares in 2010.

 

During 2009, we also issued 3,095,752 common shares and 1,204,400 common share purchase warrants and realized net cash proceeds of $20,651,000. This total includes 2,840,000 common shares issued pursuant to a registered direct offering in October 2009 to institutional investors for which we received gross proceeds of $22,000,000 and net proceeds of $20,388,000 after deducting investment banking fees, legal, registration, accounting and other expenses related to this offering. This registered direct offering consisted of a unit priced at $7.75, which included one common share and a warrant to purchase .38 common shares per unit at an exercise price of $9.55 per share. For financial reporting purposes, the net proceeds were allocated between common stock and warrants on a relative fair value basis.

 

During 2009, we issued 255,752 common shares from the exercise of 333,198 stock options by employees and realized proceeds of $262,654. The weighted average exercise price of options exercised was $2.14.

 

During 2008, we issued 139,504 common shares as a result of the exercise of stock options by employees and realized proceeds of $232,140 or $1.66 per share on average. The Board of Directors approved restricted stock grants totaling 150,000 common shares in 2008.

 

Common Shares

 

Holders of the common shares are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders and are to receive dividends when and if declared by the Board of Directors. The Board is authorized to issue additional common shares within the limits of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation without further shareholder action, subject to applicable stock exchange rules.

 

Warrants

 

We had 3,338,569 common share purchase warrants outstanding at December 31, 2010 of which 3,318,569 were exercisable as of December 31, 2010. During 2010, we issued 5,000 warrants with an exercise price of $8.00 in exchange for services and incurred an expense of $4,000 in 2010. These warrants are exercisable on or after September 1, 2011 and expire on May 28, 2013. Also, pursuant to an agreement executed on March 8, 2010, we issued 15,000 warrants in exchange for services and incurred an expense of $46,600 in 2010 related to these warrants. These warrants are exercisable on or after March 8, 2011, have an exercise price of $6.14 and expire on March 8, 2013. Also during 2010, we agreed to extend the term and revise the exercise price of 100,000 warrants, issued in May 2008, in consideration for services. The exercise price of these warrants was lowered to $8.00 from $9.00 and their term extended by one year to May 28, 2013. We recognized an expense of $102,000 in 2010 related to the change in terms in for these warrants.

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

We had 3,318,569 common share purchase warrants outstanding at December 31, 2009 of which 1,694,169 were exercisable as of December 31, 2009. During 2009, we issued 1,164,400 warrants pertaining to our registered direct offering, consisting of 1,079,200 warrants exercisable at $9.55 with a five year term and 85,200 warrants exercisable at $9.55 with a three year term. In addition, pursuant to an agreement executed in September 2008, 40,000 warrants issued in exchange for services were earned. These warrants have an exercise price of $6.50 and expire on September 30, 2012.

 

We had 2,114,169 common share purchase warrants outstanding at December 31, 2008 of which 1,204,169 were exercisable as of December 31, 2008. During 2008, we issued 910,000 warrants, in exchange for services, that will be exercisable after time periods ranging from 1 to 2 years. Exercise prices for these warrants ranged from $1.99 to $9.00. Warrants issued in 2008 expire between October 3, 2011 and September 30, 2012.

 

Warrants were valued using the Black Scholes model. The net proceeds from our 2009 registered direct offering and the private placement of our common shares and common share purchase warrants in 2007 described above were prorated between the fair market value of our common shares issued and the Black Scholes valuation of the warrants. In 2010, 2009 and 2008 we recognized $640,000, $403,000 and $340,000 in expense related to services provided in exchange for warrants. At December 31, 2010, the amount of unrecorded expense for services in exchange for warrants attributable to future periods was approximately $8,000 which is expected to be amortized to expense on a straight line basis over the remaining service period in 2011.

 

Outstanding warrants by exercise price consisted of the following as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008:

 

 

 

Long Term Incentive Plan & Stock Options

 

The Board of Directors adopted the Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc., 2007 Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) on April 11, 2007. The shareholders approved the LTIP on May 24, 2007 and approved amendments to the LTIP on May 23, 2008, May 21, 2009 and May 27, 2010. There are 3,500,000 common shares reserved for issuance under the LTIP. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”) is responsible for the administration of the LTIP including the grant of stock based awards and other financial incentives including performance based incentives to employees, non-employee directors and consultants.

ROCKWELL MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Upon approval of the LTIP, the 1997 Stock Option Plan (the “Old Plan”) was terminated as to future grants. No options were granted under the Old Plan after 2006.

 

The Committee determines the terms and conditions of options and other equity based incentives including, but not limited to, the number of shares, the exercise price, term of option and vesting requirements. The Committee approved stock option grants during 2010, 2009 and 2008 and restricted stock grants during 2010 and 2008 under the LTIP. The stock option awards were granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock on the date of the grant. The options expire 10 years from the date of grant or upon termination of employment and vest in three equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant.

 

We granted 235,000 restricted shares in 2010 and 150,000 restricted shares in 2008 under the LTIP. Restricted stock was granted with half of the shares vesting after 18 months from the grant date and the remainder vesting after 36 months from the grant date with vesting conditioned upon continued employment with the Company. These restricted stock grants were valued at the market price on the date of grant. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we recognized $332,644, $154,438 and $17,800 in compensation expense for restricted stock awards. The amount of unrecorded stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock awards attributable to future periods was approximately $1,336,142 as of December 31, 2010.

 

Our standard stock option agreement allows for the payment of the exercise price of vested stock options either through cash remittance in exchange for newly issued shares, or through non-cash exchange of previously issued shares held by the recipient for at least six months in exchange for our newly issued shares. The latter method results in no cash being received by us, but also results in a lower number of total shares being outstanding subsequently as a direct result of this exchange of shares. Shares returned to us in this manner would be retired.

 

In 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company received cash proceeds of $90,448, $262,654 and $232,140, respectively, in exchange for shares issued upon the exercise of options during the year. No income tax benefits were recognized during 2010, 2009 and 2008 related to stock option activity as the Company has a full valuation allowance recorded against its deferred tax assets.

 

A summary of the status of the LTIP and the Old Plan is as follows: