Edgar Filing: Fidelity National Financial, Inc.

Document

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



þ		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018



o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-32630

FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		16-1725106
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

601 Riverside Avenue, Jacksonville, Florida		32204
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(904) 854-8100

___________________________________________________________________

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit files).YES þ NO o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer," “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer þ	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o	Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

YES o NO þ

The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's common stock as of September 30, 2018 were:

FNF Common Stock 275,224,747

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT

Quarter Ended September 30, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS




	Page
Part I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
A. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	1
B. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	2
C. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	3
D. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	4
E. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	5
F. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	36
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	36
Part II: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A. Risk Factors	37
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 6. Exhibits	38

Table of Contents

Part I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in millions, except share data)



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities available for sale, at fair value, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 includes pledged fixed maturity securities of $420 and $364, respectively, related to secured trust deposits	$	1,856		$	1,816
Preferred securities, at fair value	308			319
Equity securities, at fair value	689			681
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates	152			150
Other long-term investments	138			110
Short-term investments, at December 31, 2017 includes short-term investments of $3 related to secured trust deposits	280			295
Total investments	3,423			3,371
Cash and cash equivalents, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 includes $431 and $475, respectively, of pledged cash related to secured trust deposits	1,422			1,110
Trade and notes receivables, net of allowance of $19 and $18 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	314			317
Goodwill	2,719			2,746
Prepaid expenses and other assets	409			398
Other intangible assets, net	515			618
Title plants	405			398
Property and equipment, net	164			193
Total assets	$	9,371		$	9,151
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	893		$	955
Notes payable	836			759
Reserve for title claim losses	1,491			1,490
Secured trust deposits	835			830
Income taxes payable	44			137
Deferred tax liability	240			169
Total liabilities	4,339			4,340
Commitments and Contingencies:
Redeemable non-controlling interest by 21% minority holder of ServiceLink Holdings, LLC	344			344
Equity:
FNF common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 487,000,000 shares as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; outstanding of 275,224,747 and 274,431,737 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and issued of 288,514,249 and 287,718,304 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	—			—
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding, none	—			—
Additional paid-in capital	4,488			4,587
Retained earnings	681			217
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) earnings	(12		)	111
Less: Treasury stock, 13,289,502 shares and 13,286,567 shares as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, at cost	(468		)	(468		)
Total Fidelity National Financial, Inc. shareholders’ equity	4,689			4,447
Non-controlling interests	(1		)	20
Total equity	4,688			4,467
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and equity	$	9,371		$	9,151

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)



	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017			2018		2017
	(Unaudited)					(Unaudited)
Revenues:
Direct title insurance premiums	$	574	$	558		$	1,645	$	1,598
Agency title insurance premiums	722		719			2,018		2,028
Escrow, title-related and other fees	691		678			2,072		1,969
Interest and investment income	48		32			131		93
Realized gains and losses, net	50		(1		)	35		—
Total revenues	2,085		1,986			5,901		5,688
Expenses:
Personnel costs	654		627			1,926		1,822
Agent commissions	554		553			1,546		1,557
Other operating expenses	477		444			1,406		1,312
Depreciation and amortization	46		46			138		133
Provision for title claim losses	58		64			165		181
Interest expense	9		10			31		39
Total expenses	1,798		1,744			5,212		5,044
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	287		242			689		644
Income tax expense	51		88			104		258
Earnings from continuing operations before equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	236		154			585		386
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates	1		3			4		7
Net earnings from continuing operations	237		157			589		393
Net earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax	—		18			—		165
Net earnings	237		175			589		558
Less: Net earnings attributable to non-controlling interests	1		10			5		25
Net earnings attributable to Fidelity National Financial, Inc. common shareholders	$	236	$	165		$	584	$	533
Amounts attributable to Fidelity National Financial, Inc. common shareholders
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to FNF common shareholders	$	236	$	156		$	584	$	393
Net earnings from discontinued operations attributable to FNF common shareholders	—		14			—		23
Net earnings attributable to FNF common shareholders	$	236	$	170		$	584	$	416
Net (loss) earnings from discontinued operations attributable to FNFV Group common shareholders			$	(5	)			$	117
Earnings per share
Basic
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to FNF common shareholders	$	0.86	$	0.58		$	2.14	$	1.46
Net earnings from discontinued operations attributable to FNF common shareholders	—		0.05			—		0.08
Net earnings per share attributable to FNF common shareholders	$	0.86	$	0.63		$	2.14	$	1.54
Net (loss) earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to FNFV Group common shareholders			$	(0.08	)			$	1.80
Diluted
Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to FNF common shareholders	$	0.85	$	0.57		$	2.09	$	1.42
Net earnings from discontinued operations attributable to FNF common shareholders	—		0.05			—		0.08
Net earnings per share attributable to FNF common shareholders	$	0.85	$	0.62		$	2.09	$	1.50
Net (loss) earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to FNFV Group common shareholders			$	(0.08	)			$	1.75
Weighted average shares outstanding FNF common stock, basic basis	273		272			273		271
Weighted average shares outstanding FNF common stock, diluted basis	278		276			279		277
Weighted average shares outstanding FNFV Group common stock, basic basis			65					65
Weighted average shares outstanding FNFV Group common stock, diluted basis			65					67

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS

(In millions)



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
Net earnings	$	237		$	175		$	589		$	558
Other comprehensive earnings (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) (1)	2			8			(13		)	33
Unrealized gain on investments in unconsolidated affiliates (2)	—			4			4			16
Unrealized (loss) gain on foreign currency translation (3)	(2		)	3			(4		)	8
Reclassification adjustments for change in unrealized gains and losses included in net earnings (4)	—			—			(1		)	2
Other comprehensive earnings (loss)	—			15			(14		)	59
Comprehensive earnings	237			190			575			617
Less: Comprehensive earnings attributable to non-controlling interests	1			11			5			27
Comprehensive earnings attributable to Fidelity National Financial, Inc. common shareholders	$	236		$	179		$	570		$	590
Comprehensive earnings attributable to FNF common shareholders	$	236		$	182		$	570		$	471
Comprehensive (loss) earnings attributable to FNFV Group common shareholders				$	(3	)				$	119

_______________________________________


(1)	Net of income tax expense (benefit) of $1 million and $5 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(4) million and $20 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


(2)	Net of income tax expense of $3 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2017, and $1 million and $10 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


(3)	Net of income tax (benefit) expense of less than $(1) million and $2 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $(1) million and $5 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


(4)	Net of income tax (benefit) expense less than $(1) million and $1 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(In millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)



	Fidelity National Financial, Inc. Common Shareholders
	FNF			FNFV									Accumulated
	Group			Group									Other													Redeemable
	Common			Common			Additional						Comprehensive			Treasury				Non-						Non-
	Stock			Stock			Paid-in			Retained			Earnings			Stock				controlling			Total			controlling
	Shares	$		Shares	$		Capital			Earnings			(Loss)			Shares	$			Interests			Equity			Interests
Balance, December 31, 2016	285	$	—	81	$	—	$	4,848		$	1,784		$	(13	)	27	$	(623	)	$	902		$	6,898		$	344
Exercise of stock options	1	—		—	—		24			—			—			—	—			—			24			—
Treasury stock repurchased	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			2	(23		)	—			(23		)	—
Spin-off of Black Knight, Inc.	—	—		—	—		—			(823		)	—			—	—			(801		)	(1,624		)	—
Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized gain on investments and other financial instruments	—	—		—	—		—			—			33			—	—			2			35			—
Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized gain on investments in unconsolidated affiliates	—	—		—	—		—			—			16			—	—			—			16			—
Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized gain on foreign currency translation	—	—		—	—		—			—			8			—	—			—			8			—
Reclassification adjustments for change in unrealized gains and losses included in net earnings	—	—		—	—		—			—			2			—	—			—			2			—
Equity portion of debt conversions settled in cash	—	—		—	—		(317		)	—			—			—	—			—			(317		)	—
Black Knight repurchases of BKFS stock	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	—			(47		)	(47		)	—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		26			—			—			—	—			11			37			—
Shares withheld for taxes and in treasury	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	(1		)	—			(1		)	—
Dividends declared, $0.75 per common share	—	—		—	—		—			(205		)	—			—	—			—			(205		)	—
Purchase of additional share in consolidated subsidiaries	—	—		—	—		1			—			—			—	—			(1		)	—
Sale of OneDigital	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	—			(6		)	(6		)	—
Acquisitions of non-controlling interests	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	—			21			21			—
Subsidiary dividends declared to non-controlling interests	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	—			(7		)	(7		)	—
Net earnings	—	—		—	—		—			533			—			—	—			25			558			—
Balance, September 30, 2017	286	$	—	81	$	—	$	4,582		$	1,289		$	46		29	$	(647	)	$	99		$	5,369		$	344

Balance, December 31, 2017	288	$	—	—	$	—	$	4,587		$	217		$	111		13	$	(468	)	$	20		$	4,467		$	344
Adjustment for cumulative effect for adoption of ASU 2016-01	—	—		—	—		—			128			(109		)	—	—			—			19			—
Exercise of stock options	1	—		—	—		15			—			—			—	—			—			15			—
Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized losses on investments and other financial instruments	—	—		—	—		—			—			(13		)	—	—			—			(13		)	—
Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized gain on investments in unconsolidated affiliates	—	—		—	—		—			—			4			—	—			—			4			—
Other comprehensive earnings — unrealized losses on foreign currency translation	—	—		—	—		—			—			(4		)	—	—			—			(4		)	—
Reclassification adjustments for change in unrealized gains and losses included in net earnings	—	—		—	—		—			—			(1		)	—	—			—			(1		)	—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		22			—			—			—	—			—			22			—
Dilution resulting from subsidiary equity issuance	—	—		—	—		(1		)	—			—			—	—			5			4			—
Dividends declared, $0.90 per common share	—	—		—	—		—			(248		)	—			—	—			—			(248		)	—
Subsidiary equity repurchase	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	—			(1		)	(1		)	—
Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	—			2			2			—
Equity portion of debt conversions settled in cash	—	—		—	—		(135		)	—			—			—	—			—			(135		)	—
Pacific Union Sale	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	—			(25		)	(25		)	—
Subsidiary dividends declared to non-controlling interests	—	—		—	—		—			—			—			—	—			(7		)	(7		)	—
Net earnings	—	—		—	—		—			584			—			—	—			5			589			—
Balance, September 30, 2018	289	$	—	—	$	—	$	4,488		$	681		$	(12	)	13	$	(468	)	$	(1	)	$	4,688		$	344

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Table of Contents

FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)



	For the nine months ended September 30,

	2018			2017
	(Unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings	$	589		$	558
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	138			331
Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated affiliates	(4		)	7
(Gain) loss on sales of investments and other assets, net	(4		)	17
Gain on sale of subsidiaries	(10		)	(276		)
Distributions from unconsolidated affiliates, return on investment	4			—
Stock-based compensation cost	22			37
Change in valuation of equity and preferred securities available for sale, net	(21		)	—
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:
Net decrease (increase) in trade receivables	8			(6		)
Net increase in prepaid expenses and other assets	(14		)	(50		)
Net decrease in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, deferred revenue and other	(16		)	(93		)
Net increase in reserve for title claim losses	1			8
Net change in income taxes	(22		)	30
Net cash provided by operating activities	671			563
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of investment securities	422			220
Proceeds from calls and maturities of investment securities	401			432
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	21			2
Proceeds from the sale of cost method and other investments	—			19
Additions to property and equipment and capitalized software	(56		)	(132		)
Purchases of investment securities	(871		)	(313		)
Net proceeds from (purchases of) short-term investment securities	15			(156		)
Purchases of other long-term investments	—			(8		)
Additional investments in unconsolidated affiliates	(62		)	(52		)
Distributions from unconsolidated affiliates, return of investment	60			76
Net other investing activities	(2		)	(5		)
Acquisition of Title Guaranty of Hawaii, net of cash acquired	—			(93		)
Proceeds from the sale of OneDigital	—			325
Proceeds from Pacific Union Sale, net of cash transferred	39			—
Other acquisitions/disposals of businesses, net of cash acquired	(9		)	(137		)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(42		)	178
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings	442			776
Debt service payments	(370		)	(994		)
Black Knight treasury stock repurchases of BKFS stock	—			(47		)
Equity portion of debt conversions paid in cash	(142		)	(317		)
Dividends paid	(246		)	(204		)
Subsidiary dividends paid to non-controlling interest shareholders	(7		)	(7		)
Exercise of stock options	15			24
Subsidiary equity repurchase	(1		)	—
Net change in secured trust deposits	5			63
Cash transferred in Black Knight spin-off	—			(87		)
Payment of contingent consideration for prior period acquisitions	(13		)	(15		)
Payment for withholding taxes on stock-based compensation for shares withheld from participants and in treasury	—			(1		)
Purchases of treasury stock	—			(23		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(317		)	(832		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	312			(91		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,110			1,323
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	1,422		$	1,232

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note A — Basis of Financial Statements

The financial information in this report presented for interim periods is unaudited and includes the accounts of Fidelity National Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” “our,” or “FNF”) prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All adjustments made were of a normal, recurring nature. This report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K (our "Annual Report") for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Certain reclassifications have been made in the 2017 Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to conform to classifications used in 2018. See the Recent Accounting Pronouncements section below and Note K. Discontinued Operations for material reclassifications.

Description of the Business

We are a leading provider of (i) title insurance, escrow and other title-related services, including trust activities, trustee sales guarantees and home warranty products and (ii) technology and transaction services to the real estate and mortgage industries. FNF is one of the nation’s largest title insurance companies and operates through its title insurance underwriters - Fidelity National Title Insurance Company ("FNTIC"), Chicago Title Insurance Company ("Chicago Title"), Commonwealth Land Title Insurance Company ("Commonwealth Title"), Alamo Title Insurance and National Title Insurance of New York Inc. - which collectively issue more title insurance policies than any other title company in the United States. Through our subsidiary, ServiceLink Holdings, LLC ("ServiceLink"), we provide mortgage transaction services, including title-related services and facilitation of production and management of mortgage loans.

For information about our reportable segments refer to Note H Segment Information.

Recent Developments

Pending Acquisition of Stewart

On March 18, 2018, we signed a merger agreement (the "Merger Agreement") to acquire Stewart Information Services Corporation ("Stewart") (NYSE: STC) (the "Stewart Merger"), pursuant to which each share of Stewart common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Stewart Merger (other than shares owned by Stewart, its subsidiaries, FNF or the wholly-owned subsidiaries of FNF party to the Merger Agreement and shares in respect of which appraisal rights have been properly exercised and perfected under Delaware law), will be converted into the right to receive, at the election of the holder of such share, (i) $50.00 in cash, (ii) 1.2850 shares of FNF common stock, or (iii) $25.00 in cash and 0.6425 shares of FNF common stock, subject to potential adjustment (as described below) and proration to the extent the option to receive cash or the option to receive stock is oversubscribed.

FNF currently intends to fund the $1.2 billion purchase price through a combination of cash on hand at FNF, the issuance of FNF common stock to Stewart stockholders, and borrowings under the revolving credit facility, if necessary, and will be paid 50% in cash and 50% in FNF common stock. Including the assumption of $109 million of Stewart debt, our pro forma debt to total capital ratio is expected to be no more than approximately 20% at the close of the transaction.

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, if the combined company is required to divest assets or businesses for which 2017 annual revenues exceed $75 million, up to a cap of $225 million, in order to receive required regulatory approvals, the purchase price will be adjusted down on a pro-rata basis to a minimum purchase price of $45.50 per share of common stock of Stewart. If the Stewart Merger is not completed for failure to obtain the required regulatory approvals, we are required to pay a reverse break-up fee of $50 million to Stewart.

On May 30, 2018, we filed a preliminary registration statement on Form S-4 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

On May 31, 2018, we received a request for additional information and documentary material, often referred to as a “Second Request,” from the United States Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) in connection with the FTC’s Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (the “HSR Act”), regulatory review of the Stewart Merger.

The special meeting of Stewart stockholders to vote on the Stewart Merger was held on September 5, 2018 and a majority of the Stewart stockholders voted to approve the Stewart Merger. More than 99% of the votes cast, representing approximately 79% of the outstanding shares of Stewart common stock as of July 10, 2018, the record date for the special meeting, were cast in favor of adopting the Merger Agreement.

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FIDELITY NATIONAL FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) — continued

On August 21, 2018, we received a “no-action letter” from the Canadian Competition Bureau (the “Bureau”), indicating that the Bureau does not intend to oppose completion of the Stewart Merger.

We continue to work through the regulatory process for the Stewart Merger and are currently engaged in the Second Request related to the FTC's HSR Act regulatory review of the transaction. Responses to nearly all the FTC's requests for information and documentation have been submitted. The Form A filings with the states of Texas and New York are being reviewed by those states.

The closing of the Stewart Merger is subject to certain closing conditions, including federal and state regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions. Closing of the Stewart Merger is expected in the first or second quarter of 2019.

Other Developments

On September 24, 2018, we closed on the sale of all of our 62% equity interest in, and notes outstanding from, Pacific Union International, Inc. ("Pacific Union"), a luxury real estate broker based in California, and its subsidiaries to Urban Compass, Inc. ("Compass") for $43 million in cash and up to $21 million in potential earnout payments (the "Pacific Union Sale"). The potential earnout payments range in value from $0 to $21 million, are based on certain gross profit and earnings targets for Pacific Union and are payable in approximately 60% cash and 40% Compass stock annually over the course of the next three years. Compass was not a related party prior to, and is not a related party subsequent to, the Pacific Union Sale.

On August 13, 2018, we completed an offering of $450 million in aggregate principal amount of notes due August 2028 with stated interest of 4.50%. See Note E. Notes Payable for further details.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share, as presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings, is computed by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders in a given period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during such period. In periods when earnings are positive, diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the impact of assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities. For periods when we recognize a net loss, diluted earnings per share is equal to basic earnings per share as the impact of assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities is considered to be antidilutive. We have granted certain stock options, shares of restricted stock, convertible debt instruments and certain other convertible share based payments which have been treated as common share equivalents for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share for periods in which positive earnings have been reported.

Options or other instruments which provide the ability to purchase shares of our common stock that are antidilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. There were no antidilutive options outstanding during the three- or nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 or September 30, 2017.

Income Tax

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”). Among other provisions, the Tax Reform Act reduced the federal statutory corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and limited or eliminated certain deductions. Our effective tax rate was 17.8% and 36.4% in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 15.1% and 40.1% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate in both periods is primarily attributable to the decreased federal tax rate associated with the passage of the Tax Reform Act. The decrease in the three-month period is also attributable to an $8 million reversal of certain tax contingencies in the period and for certain return-to-provision adjustments. The decrease in the nine-month period was also attributable to a $45 million change in tax estimate in the three-month period ended June 30, 2018 regarding the timing of payments for, and tax rate applicable to, our tax liability resulting from the decrease in our statutory premium reserves associated with the redomestication of certain of our title insurance underwriters in 2017 and increased tax expense of $21 million in the 2017 period resulting from a change in judgment of the tax deductibility of legal settlements finalized in the period.

SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118"), has provided guidance for companies that have not completed their accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act in the period of enactment, allowing for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. As of September 30, 2018, we have not completed our accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act; however, we have made a reasonable estimate of the effects on our deferred tax balances. In other cases, we have not been able to make a reasonable estimate and will continue to analyze the Tax Reform Act in order to finalize any related impacts within the measurement period. Areas of continued analysis with respect to the Tax Reform Act include the tax deductibility of certain executive compensation, applicable foreign and state tax rates, and final tax return to provision adjustments.

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Discontinued Operations

On November 17, 2017, we completed our previously announced split-off (the “FNFV Split-Off”) of our former wholly-owned subsidiary Cannae Holdings, Inc. (“Cannae”) which consisted of the businesses, assets and liabilities formerly attributed to our FNF Ventures ("FNFV") Group including Ceridian Holding, LLC, American Blue Ribbon Holdings, LLC and T-System Holding LLC. The FNFV Split-Off was accomplished by the Company's redemption (the “Redemption”) of all of the outstanding shares of FNFV Group common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“FNFV common stock”) for outstanding shares of common stock of Cannae, par value $0.0001 per share (“Cannae common stock”), amounting to a redemption of each outstanding share of FNFV common stock for one share of Cannae common stock, as of November 17, 2017. As a result of the FNFV Split-Off, Cannae became a separate, publicly-traded company (NYSE: CNNE) as of November 20, 2017. All of the Company’s core title insurance, real estate, technology and mortgage related businesses, assets and liabilities currently attributed to the Company’s FNF common stock that are not held by Cannae remain with the Company. As a result of the FNFV Split-Off, the financial results of FNFV Group have been reclassified to discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

On September 29, 2017 we completed our tax-free distribution to FNF shareholders of all 83.3 million shares of New BKH Corp. ("New BKH") common stock that we previously owned (the “BK Distribution”). Immediately following the BK Distribution, New BKH and Black Knight Financial Services, Inc. ("Black Knight") engaged in a series of transactions resulting in the formation of a new publicly traded holding company, Black Knight, Inc. ("New Black Knight"). Holders of FNF common stock received approximately 0.30663 shares of New Black Knight common stock for every one share of FNF common stock held at the close of business on September 20, 2017, the record date for the BK Distribution. New Black Knight's common stock is now listed under the symbol “BKI” on the New York Stock Exchange. The BK Distribution was generally tax-free to FNF shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except to the extent of any cash received in lieu of New Black Knight's fractional shares. As a result of the BK Distribution, the financial results of Black Knight have been reclassified to discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

See Note K. Discontinued Operations for further details of the results and financial position of FNFV and Black Knight.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This ASU provides a new comprehensive revenue recognition model that requires companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. This update also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. This update permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations was issued by FASB in March 2016 to clarify the principal versus agent considerations within ASU 2014-09. ASU 2016-10 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing was issued by the FASB in April 2016 to clarify how to determine whether goods and services are separately identifiable and thus accounted for as separate performance obligations. ASU 2016-12 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients was issued by the FASB in May 2016 to clarify certain terms from the aforementioned updates and to add practical expedients for contracts at various stages of completion. ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, was issued by the FASB in December 2016 which includes thirteen technical corrections and improvements affecting narrow aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2014-09.

We adopted these revenue standards on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. As there was no material impact to our historical revenue recognition, we did not record a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the current year. See Note J. Revenue Recognition for further discussion of our revenue.

Other Adopted Pronouncements

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01 Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The primary amendments required by the ASU include: requiring equity investments with readily determinable fair values to be measured at fair value through net income rather than through other comprehensive income; allowing entities with equity investments without readily determinable fair values to report the investments at cost, adjusted for changes in observable prices, less impairment; requiring entities that elect the fair value option for financial liabilities to report the change in fair value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk in other comprehensive income; and clarifying that entities should assess the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale debt securities in combination with other deferred tax assets. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after

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December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The ASU requires a cumulative-effect adjustment of the balance sheet as of the beginning of the year of adoption. Early adoption of the ASU is not permitted, except for the provision related to financial liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected.

We adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2018, which resulted in the reclassification of our unrealized gains and losses on our equity and preferred securities available for sale previously included in accumulated other comprehensive income to beginning retained earnings. Changes in the fair value of our investments in equity and preferred securities subsequent to January 1, 2018 are now included in Realized gains and losses, net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. See Note D. Investments for further details. We reclassified a total of $109 million from Accumulated other comprehensive income to beginning Retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. The total cumulative effect on opening equity, including an increase in Retained earnings of $19 million attributable to an increase in value of certain Other long term investments resulting from recording at fair value, was an increase in Retained earnings of $128 million and decrease in Accumulated other comprehensive income of $109 million.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. The amendments in this ASU require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. GAAP previously did not include specific guidance on the cash flow classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash. The Company previously excluded cash pledged related to secured trust deposits, which generally meets the definition of restricted cash, from the reconciliation of beginning-of-period to end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The ASU requires retrospective application to all prior periods presented upon adoption.

We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU resulted in the following retrospective changes to our Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017: an increase in the net change in cash and cash equivalents of $237 million due to the inclusion of the change in our cash pledged against secured trust deposits, an increase in investing cash inflow of $177 million related to the movement of cash paid for investments pledged against secured trust deposits from operating to investing activities, and a decrease in financing cash outflow of $63 million related to the movement of the change in secured trust deposits from operating to financing activities.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in this ASU allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from Tax Reform. We adopted this ASU on April 1, 2018. Adoption of this ASU resulted in no net reclassification from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Retained earnings.

Other Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842). The amendments in this ASU introduce broad changes to the accounting and reporting for leases by lessees. The main provisions of the new standard include: clarifications to the definitions of a lease, components of leases, and criteria for determining lease classification; requiring virtually all leased assets, including operating leases and related liabilities resulting from applying the fair value measurement, to be reflected on the lessee's balance sheet; and expanding and adding to the required disclosures for lessees. This update is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application of the standard is permitted. The ASU allows for a modified retrospective approach to transitioning which allows for the use of practical expedients to effectively account for leases commenced prior to the effective date in accordance with previous GAAP. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11 Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which allows entities the option to adopt this standard prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening equity and include required disclosures for prior periods.

We have identified a vendor with software suited to track and account for leases under the new standard and are in process of transitioning our lease accounting within the software. We anticipate this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets. However, while we are still completing our analysis, we do not anticipate that adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated statements of earnings. While we are continuing to assess all potential impacts of the standard, we currently believe the most significant impact relates to our accounting for leased office space. We plan to prospectively adopt this standard on January 1, 2019 and to use the package of practical expedients available upon adoption.

Other

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on

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Financial Instruments. The amendments in this ASU introduce broad changes to accounting for credit impairment of financial instruments. The primary updates include the introduction of a new current expected credit loss ("CECL") model that is based on expected rather than incurred losses and amendments to the accounting for impairment of fixed maturity securities available for sale. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are still evaluating the effect this new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and have not yet concluded on its effects. We do not plan to early adopt the standard.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The guidance simplifies the measurement of goodwill impairment by removing step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires the determination of the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit. The new guidance requires goodwill impairment to be measured as the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the effect this new guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and have not yet concluded on its effects.

Note B — Summary of Reserve for Claim Losses

A summary of the reserve for claim losses follows:



	Nine months ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	(Dollars in millions)
Beginning balance	$	1,490		$	1,487
Change in reinsurance recoverable	1			(4		)
Claim loss provision related to:
Current year	165			174
Prior years	—			7
Total title claim loss provision	165			181
Claims paid, net of recoupments related to:
Current year	(3		)	(4		)
Prior years	(162		)	(164		)
Total title claims paid, net of recoupments	(165		)	(168		)
Ending balance of claim loss reserve for title insurance	$	1,491		$	1,496
Provision for title insurance claim losses as a percentage of title insurance premiums	4.5		%	5.0		%

We continually update loss reserve estimates as new information becomes known, new loss patterns emerge, or as other contributing factors are considered and incorporated into the analysis of reserve for claim losses. Estimating future title loss payments is difficult because of the complex nature of title claims, the long periods of time over which claims are paid, significantly varying dollar amounts of individual claims and other factors.

Due to the uncertainty inherent in the process and to the judgment used by management, the ultimate liability may be greater or less than our current reserves. If actual claims loss development varies from what is currently expected and is not offset by other factors, it is possible that additional reserve adjustments may be required in future periods in order to maintain our recorded reserve within a reasonable range of our actuary's central estimate.

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Note C — Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively:



	September 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available for sale:
U.S. government and agencies	$	—	$	232	$	—	$	232
State and political subdivisions	—		185		—		185
Corporate debt securities	—		1,316		13		1,329
Mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities	—		48		—		48
Foreign government bonds	—		62		—		62
Preferred securities	26		282		—		308
Equity securities	688		1		—		689
Other long-term investment	—		—		104		104
Total assets	$	714	$	2,126	$	117	$	2,957



	December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available for sale:
U.S. government and agencies	$	—	$	195	$	—	$	195
State and political subdivisions	—		391		—		391
Corporate debt securities	—		1,117		—		1,117
Mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities	—		56		—		56
Foreign government bonds	—		57		—		57
Preferred securities	23		296		—		319
Equity securities	681		—		—		681
Total assets	$	704	$	2,112	$	—	$	2,816

Our Level 2 fair value measures for preferred securities and fixed maturity securities available for sale are provided by a third-party pricing service. We utilize one firm for our preferred stock and our bond portfolios. The pricing service is a leading global provider of financial market data, analytics and related services to financial institutions. The inputs utilized in these pricing methodologies include observable measures such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data including market research publications. We review the pricing methodologies for all of our Level 2 securities by obtaining an understanding of the valuation models and assumptions used by the third-party as well as independently comparing the resulting prices to other publicly available measures of fair value and internally developed models. The pricing methodologies used by the relevant third-party pricing services are as follows:


•	U.S. government and agencies: These securities are valued based on data obtained for similar securities in active markets and from inter-dealer brokers.


•	State and political subdivisions: These securities are valued based on data obtained for similar securities in active markets and from inter-dealer brokers. Factors considered include relevant trade information, dealer quotes and other relevant market data.


•	Corporate debt securities: These securities are valued based on dealer quotes and related market trading activity. Factors considered include the bond's yield, its terms and conditions, or any other feature which may influence its risk and thus marketability, as well as relative credit information and relevant sector news.


•	Foreign government bonds: These securities are valued based on a discounted cash flow model incorporating observable market inputs such as available broker quotes and yields of comparable securities.


•	Mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities: These securities are comprised of commercial mortgage-backed securities, agency mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, and asset-backed securities. They are valued

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based on available trade information, dealer quotes, cash flows, relevant indices and market data for similar assets in active markets.


•	Preferred securities: Preferred securities are valued by calculating the appropriate spread over a comparable U.S. Treasury security. Inputs include benchmark quotes and other relevant market data.

In conjunction with our adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, beginning January 1, 2018, we began recording certain equity investments included in other long term investments at fair value which were previously accounted for as cost method investments. See discussion of Recent Accounting Pronouncements in Note A. Basis of Financial Statements for further information on the impact of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-01.

Our Level 3 fair value measures for our other long term investment are provided by a third-party pricing service. We utilize one firm to value our Level 3 other long-term investment. The pricing service is a leading global provider of financial market data, analytics and related services to financial institutions. We utilize the income approach and a discounted cash flow analysis in determining the fair value of our Level 3 other long-term investment. The primary unobservable input utilized in this pricing methodology is the discount rate used which is determined based on underwriting yield, credit spreads, yields on benchmark indices, and comparable public company debt. The discount rate used in our determination of the fair value of our Level 3 other long-term investment as of September 30, 2018 was a range of 7.9% - 8.1% and a weighted-average of 8.0%. Based on the total fair value of our Level 3 other long-term investment as of September 30, 2018, changes in the discount rate utilized will not result in a fair value significantly different than the amount recorded.

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair values of Level 3 assets, measured on a recurring basis, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.



	Three months ended September 30, 2018
	Other long-term		Corporate debt
	investments		securities		Total
	(In millions)
Fair value, June 30, 2018	$	102	$	13	$	115
Paid-in-kind dividends (1)	2		—		2
Fair value, September 30, 2018	$	104	$	13	$	117



	Nine months ended September 30, 2018
	Other long-term			Corporate debt
	investments			securities		Total
	(In millions)
Fair value, December 31, 2017	$	—		$	—	$	—
Fair value of assets associated with the adoption of ASU 2016-01	100			—		100
Transfers from Level 2	—			13		13
Paid-in-kind dividends (1)	5			—		5
Net valuation loss included in earnings (2)	(1		)	—		(1		)
Fair value, September 30, 2018	$	104		$	13	$	117

_____________________________________

(1) Included in Interest and investment income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings

(2) Included in Realized gains and losses, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings

Transfers into or out of the Level 3 fair value category occur when unobservable inputs become more or less significant to the fair value measurement or upon a change in valuation technique. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were based on changes in significance of unobservable inputs used associated with a change in the valuation technique used for certain of the Company’s corporate debt securities and are not considered material to the Company's financial position or results of operations. There were no transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 in the three months ended September 30, 2018. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period.

As of December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, we held no material assets or liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs.

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Substantially all of the unrealized gain (loss) on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income relate to fixed maturity securities , which are considered Level 2 fair value measures.

The carrying amounts of short-term investments, accounts receivable and notes receivable approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Additional information regarding the fair value of our investment portfolio is included in Note D. Investments.

Note D — Investments

The carrying amounts and fair values of our available for sale securities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are as follows:



	September 30, 2018
	Carrying		Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Value		Basis		Gains		Losses			Value
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available for sale:
U.S. government and agencies	$	232	$	235	$	—	$	(3	)	$	232
State and political subdivisions	185		184		2		(1		)	185
Corporate debt securities	1,329		1,336		4		(11		)	1,329
Mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities	48		49		—		(1		)	48
Foreign government bonds	62		65		—		(3		)	62
Total	$	1,856	$	1,869	$	6	$	(19	)	$	1,856



	December 31, 2017
	Carrying		Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Value		Basis		Gains		Losses			Value
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available for sale:
U.S. government and agencies	$	195	$	196	$	—	$	(1	)	$	195
State and political subdivisions	391		387		4		—			391
Corporate debt securities	1,117		1,110		11		(4		)	1,117
Mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities	56		55		1		—			56
Foreign government bonds	57		58		1		(2		)	57
Preferred securities	319		307		12		—			319
Equity securities	681		517		172		(8		)	681
Total	$	2,816	$	2,630	$	201	$	(15	)	$	2,816

The cost basis of fixed maturity securities available for sale includes an adjustment for amortized premium or accreted discount since the date of purchase.

In conjunction with our adoption of ASU No. 2016-01, beginning January 1, 2018, unrealized gains and losses on equity and preferred securities are included in Realized gains and losses, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Accordingly, they are excluded from the table as of September 30, 2018 above. Refer to discussion under Recent Accounting Pronouncements included in Note A. Basis of Financial Statements for further discussion of the effects of the adoption of ASU 2016-01.

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The following table presents certain information regarding contractual maturities of our fixed maturity securities at September 30, 2018:



	September 30, 2018
	Amortized		% of		Fair		% of
Maturity	Cost		Total		Value		Total
	(Dollars in millions)
One year or less	$	365	20	%	$	363	20	%
After one year through five years	1,259		67		1,250		67
After five years through ten years	175		9		175		9
After ten years	21		1		20		1
Mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities	49		3		48		3
Total	$	1,869	100	%	$	1,856	100	%

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Because of the potential for prepayment on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, they are not categorized by contractual maturity.

Net unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, were as follows (in millions):



September 30, 2018
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer					Total
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses
U.S. government and agencies	$	156	$	(2	)	$	73	$	(1	)	$	229	$	(3	)
State and political subdivisions	22		(1		)	—		—			$	22	$	(1	)
Corporate debt securities	975		(9		)	82		(2		)	1,057		(11		)
Foreign government bonds	33		(2		)	11		(1		)	44		(3		)
Mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities	—		—			16		(1		)	16		(1		)
Total temporarily impaired securities	$	1,186	$	(14	)	$	182	$	(5	)	$	1,368	$	(19	)



December 31, 2017
	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or Longer					Total
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses
U.S. government and agencies	$	149	$	(1	)	$	—	$	—		$	149	$	(1	)
Corporate debt securities	464		(3		)	51		(1		)	515		(4		)
Foreign government bonds	—		—			10		(2		)	10		(2		)
Equity securities	121		(7		)	5		(1		)	126		(8		)
Total temporarily impaired securities	$	734	$	(11	)	$	66	$	(4	)	$	800	$	(15	)

We recorded no impairment charges relating to investments during the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 or 2017. We recorded $3 million and $1 million of impairment charges relating to investments during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Impairment in the nine-month periods relate to fixed maturity securities of investees entering Chapter 11 bankruptcy which exhibited decreasing fair market values and from which we are uncertain of our ability to recover our initial investment.

As of September 30, 2018, we held $2 million of investment securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment had been previously recognized. As of December 31, 2017, we held no investment securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment had been previously recognized. It is possible that future events may lead us to recognize impairment losses related

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to our investment portfolio and that unanticipated future events may lead us to dispose of certain investment holdings and recognize the effects of any market movements in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

The following tables present realized gains and losses on investments and other assets and proceeds from the sale or maturity of investments and other assets for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively:

Three months ended September 30, 2018

Nine months ended September 30, 2018

Gross Realized Gains

Gross Realized Losses

Net Realized Gains (Losses)

Gross Proceeds from Sale/Maturity

Gross Realized Gains

Gross Realized Losses

Net Realized Gains (Losses)

Gross Proceeds from Sale/Maturity

(In millions)

Fixed maturity securities available for sale

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