Edgar Filing: PACCAR INC

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Form 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

Commission File No. 001-14817

PACCAR Inc

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		91-0351110
(State of incorporation)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

777 - 106th Ave. N.E., Bellevue, WA		98004
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (425) 468-7400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class		Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $1 par value		The NASDAQ Global Select Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for at least the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2015:

Common Stock, $1 par value - $22.18 billion

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of January 31, 2016:

Common Stock, $1 par value - 351,358,497 shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the proxy statement for the annual stockholders meeting to be held on April 26, 2016 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

PACCAR Inc – FORM 10-K

INDEX


		Page
PART I

ITEM 1.	BUSINESS		3
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS		7
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS		9
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES		9
ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS		9
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES		10

PART II

ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES		10
ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA		12
ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		13
ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK		36
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA		37
ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE		78
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		78
ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION		78

PART III

ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE		79
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION		80
ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS		80
ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE		80
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES		80

PART IV

ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES		81

SIGNATURES			85

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS.

(a)	General Development of Business

PACCAR Inc (the Company or PACCAR), incorporated under the laws of Delaware in 1971, is the successor to Pacific Car and Foundry Company which was incorporated in Washington in 1924. The Company traces its predecessors to Seattle Car Manufacturing Company formed in 1905.

(b)	Financial Information About Industry Segments and Geographic Areas

Information about the Company’s industry segments and geographic areas in response to Items 101(b), (c)(1)(i), and (d) of Regulation S-K appears in Item 8, Note R, of this Form 10-K.

(c)	Narrative Description of Business

PACCAR is a multinational company operating in three principal industry segments:

(1)

The Truck segment includes the design, manufacture and distribution of high-quality, light-, medium- and heavy-duty commercial trucks. Heavy-duty trucks have a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of over 33,000 lbs (Class 8) in North America and over 16 metric tonnes in Europe. Medium-duty trucks have a GVW ranging from 19,500 to 33,000 lbs (Class 6 to 7) in North America, and in Europe, light- and medium-duty trucks range between 6 to 16 metric tonnes. Trucks are configured with engine in front of cab (conventional) or cab-over-engine (COE).

(2)

The Parts segment includes the distribution of aftermarket parts for trucks and related commercial vehicles.

(3)

The Financial Services segment includes finance and leasing products and services provided to customers and dealers. PACCAR’s finance and leasing activities are principally related to PACCAR products and associated equipment.

PACCAR’s Other business includes the manufacturing and marketing of industrial winches.

TRUCKS

PACCAR’s trucks are marketed under the Kenworth, Peterbilt and DAF nameplates. These trucks, which are built in three plants in the United States, three in Europe and one each in Australia, Brasil, Canada and Mexico, are used worldwide for over-the-road and off-highway hauling of freight, petroleum, wood products and construction-related and other materials. The Company also manufactures engines at its facilities in Columbus, Mississippi and Eindhoven, the Netherlands. PACCAR competes in the North American Class 8 market, primarily with Kenworth and Peterbilt conventional models. These trucks are assembled at facilities in Chillicothe, Ohio, Denton, Texas, Renton, Washington, Ste. Therese, Canada and Mexicali, Mexico. PACCAR also competes in the North American Class 6 to 7 markets primarily with Kenworth and Peterbilt conventional models. These trucks are assembled at facilities in Ste. Therese, Canada and in Mexicali, Mexico. PACCAR competes in the European light/medium market with DAF COE trucks assembled in the United Kingdom by Leyland, one of PACCAR’s wholly owned subsidiaries, and participates in the European heavy market with DAF COE trucks assembled in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. PACCAR competes in the Brazilian heavy truck market with DAF models assembled at Ponta Grossa in the state of Paraná, Brasil. PACCAR competes in the Australian light and heavy truck markets with Kenworth conventional and COE models assembled at its facility at Bayswater in the state of Victoria, Australia, and DAF COE models assembled in the Netherlands. Commercial truck manufacturing comprises the largest segment of PACCAR’s business and accounts for 77% of total 2015 net sales and revenues.

Substantially all trucks are sold to independent dealers. The Kenworth and Peterbilt nameplates are marketed and distributed by separate divisions in the U.S. and a foreign subsidiary in Canada. The Kenworth nameplate is also marketed and distributed by foreign subsidiaries in Mexico and Australia. The DAF nameplate is marketed and distributed worldwide by a foreign subsidiary headquartered in the Netherlands and is also marketed and distributed by foreign subsidiaries in Brasil and Australia. The decision to operate as a subsidiary or as a division is incidental to PACCAR’s Truck segment operations and reflects legal, tax and regulatory requirements in the various countries where PACCAR operates.

The Truck segment utilizes centrally managed purchasing, information technology, technical research and testing, treasury and finance functions. Some manufacturing plants in North America produce trucks for more than one nameplate, while other plants produce trucks for only one nameplate, depending on various factors. Best manufacturing practices within the Company are shared on a routine basis reflecting the similarity of the business models employed by each nameplate.

The Company’s trucks have a reputation for high quality and are essentially custom products, most of which are ordered by dealers according to customer specification. Some units are ordered by dealers for stocking to meet the needs of certain customers who require immediate delivery or for customers that require chassis to be fitted with specialized bodies. For a significant portion of the Company’s truck operations, major components, such as engines, transmissions and axles, as well as a substantial percentage of other components, are purchased from component manufacturers pursuant to PACCAR and customer specifications. DAF, which is more vertically integrated, manufactures PACCAR engines and axles and a higher percentage of other components for its heavy truck models. The Company also manufactures engines at its Columbus, Mississippi facility. In 2015, the Company installed PACCAR engines in 40% of the Company’s Kenworth and Peterbilt heavy-duty trucks in the U.S. and Canada. Engines not manufactured by the Company are purchased from Cummins Inc. (Cummins). The Company purchased a significant portion of its transmissions from Eaton Corporation Plc. (Eaton) and ZF Friedrichshafen AG (ZF). The Company has long-term agreements with Cummins, Eaton and ZF to provide for continuity of supply. A loss of supply from Cummins, Eaton or ZF, and the resulting interruption in the production of trucks, would have a material effect on the Company’s results. Purchased materials and parts include raw materials, partially processed materials, such as castings, and finished components manufactured by independent suppliers. Raw materials, partially processed materials and finished components make up approximately 85% of the cost of new trucks. The value of major finished truck components manufactured by independent suppliers ranges from approximately 35% in Europe to approximately 85% in North America. In addition to materials, the Company’s cost of sales includes labor and factory overhead, vehicle delivery and warranty. Accordingly, except for certain factory overhead costs such as depreciation, property taxes and utilities, the Company’s cost of sales are highly correlated to sales.

The Company’s DAF subsidiary purchases fully assembled cabs from a competitor, Renault V.I., for its European light-duty product line pursuant to a joint product development and long-term supply contract. Sales of trucks manufactured with these cabs amounted to approximately 3% of consolidated revenues in 2015. A short-term loss of supply, and the resulting interruption in the production of these trucks, would not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations. However, a loss of supply for an extended period of time would either require the Company to contract for an alternative source of supply or to manufacture cabs itself.

Other than these components, the Company is not limited to any single source for any significant component, although the sudden inability of a supplier to deliver components could have a temporary adverse effect on production of certain products. No significant shortages of materials or components were experienced in 2015. Manufacturing inventory levels are based upon production schedules, and orders are placed with suppliers accordingly.

Key factors affecting Truck segment earnings include the number of new trucks sold in the markets served and the margins realized on the sales. The Company’s sales of new trucks are dependent on the size of the truck markets served and the Company’s share of those markets. Truck segment sales and margins tend to be cyclical based on the level of overall economic activity, the availability of capital and the amount of freight being transported. The Company’s costs for trucks consist primarily of material costs, which are influenced by the price of commodities such as steel, copper, aluminum and petroleum. The Company utilizes long-term supply agreements to reduce the variability of the unit cost of purchased materials and finished components. The Company’s spending on research and development varies based on product development cycles and government requirements such as the periodic need to meet diesel engine emissions and vehicle fuel efficiency standards in the various markets served. The Company maintains rigorous control of selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses and seeks to minimize such costs.

There are four principal competitors in the U.S. and Canada commercial truck market. The Company’s share of the U.S. and Canadian Class 8 market was 27.4% of retail sales in 2015, and the Company’s medium-duty market share was 17.4% in 2015. In Europe, there are six principal competitors in the commercial truck market, including parent companies to two competitors of the Company in the U.S. In 2015, DAF had a 14.6% share of the Western and Central European heavy-duty market and a 9.0% share of the light/medium market. These markets are highly competitive in price, quality and service. PACCAR is not dependent on any single customer for its sales. There are no significant seasonal variations in sales.

The Peterbilt, Kenworth and DAF nameplates are recognized internationally and play an important role in the marketing of the Company’s truck products. The Company engages in a continuous program of trademark and trade name protection in all marketing areas of the world.

The Company’s truck products are subject to noise, emission and safety regulations. Competing manufacturers are subject to the same regulations. The Company believes the cost of complying with noise and emission regulations will not be detrimental to its business.

The Company had a total production backlog of $5.9 billion at the end of 2015. Within this backlog, orders scheduled for delivery within three months (90 days) are considered to be firm. The 90-day backlog approximated $2.8 billion at December 31, 2015, $3.1 billion at December 31, 2014 and $2.0 billion at December 31, 2013. Production of the year-end 2015 backlog is expected to be substantially completed during 2016.

PARTS

The Parts segment includes the distribution of aftermarket parts for trucks and related commercial vehicles to over 2,000 Kenworth, Peterbilt and DAF dealers in over 90 countries around the world. Aftermarket truck parts are sold and delivered to the Company’s independent dealers through the Company’s 17 strategically located parts distribution centers (PDCs) located in the U.S., Canada, Europe, Australia, Mexico and South America. Parts are primarily purchased from various suppliers and also manufactured by the Company. Aftermarket parts inventory levels are determined largely by anticipated customer demand and the need for timely delivery. The Parts segment accounted for 16% of total 2015 net sales and revenues.

PACCAR’s new 160,000 square-foot PDC in Renton, Washington is under construction and is expected to open in the second quarter of 2016. The new facility will increase the distribution capacity for the Company’s dealers and customers in the northwestern U.S. and western Canada.

Key factors affecting Parts segment earnings include the aftermarket parts sold in the markets served and the margins realized on the sales. Aftermarket parts sales are influenced by the total number of the Company’s trucks in service and the average age and mileage of those trucks. To reflect the benefit the Parts segment receives from costs incurred by the Truck segment, certain factory overhead, research and development, engineering and SG&A expenses are allocated from the Truck segment to the Parts segment. The Company’s cost for parts sold consists primarily of material costs, which are influenced by the price of commodities such as steel, copper, aluminum and petroleum. The Company utilizes long-term supply agreements to reduce the variability of the cost of parts sold. The Company maintains rigorous control of SG&A expenses and seeks to minimize such costs.

FINANCIAL SERVICES

PACCAR Financial Services (PFS) operates in 22 countries in North America, Europe, Australia and South America through wholly owned finance companies operating under the PACCAR Financial trade name. PFS also conducts full service leasing operations through wholly owned subsidiaries in North America, Germany and Australia under the PacLease trade name. Selected dealers in North America are franchised to provide full service leasing. PFS provides its franchisees with equipment financing and administrative support. PFS also operates its own full service lease outlets. PFS’s retail loan and lease customers consist of small, medium and large commercial trucking companies, independent owner/operators and other businesses and acquire their PACCAR trucks principally from independent PACCAR dealers. PFS accounted for 6% of total net sales and revenues and 58% of total assets in 2015.

The Company’s finance receivables are classified as dealer wholesale, dealer retail and customer retail segments. The dealer wholesale segment consists of truck inventory financing to independent PACCAR dealers. The dealer retail segment consists of loans and leases to participating dealers and franchises, which use the proceeds to fund their customers’ acquisition of trucks and related equipment. The customer retail segment consists of loans and leases directly to customers for their acquisition of trucks and related equipment. Customer retail receivables are further segregated by fleet and owner/operator classes. The fleet class consists of customers operating more than five trucks. All others are considered owner/operators. Similar methods are employed to assess and monitor credit risk for each class.

Finance receivables are secured by the trucks and related equipment being financed or leased. The terms of loan and lease contracts generally range from three to five years depending on the type and use of equipment. Payment is required on dealer inventory financing when the floored truck is sold to a customer or upon maturity of the flooring loan, whichever comes first. Dealer inventory loans generally mature within one to two years.

The Company funds its financial services activities primarily from collections on existing finance receivables and borrowings in the capital markets. The primary sources of borrowings in the capital markets are commercial paper and medium-term notes issued in public and private offerings and, to a lesser extent, bank loans. An additional source of funds is loans from other PACCAR companies. PFS attempts to match the maturity and interest rate characteristics of its debt with the maturity and interest rate characteristics of loans and leases.

Key factors affecting the earnings of the Financial Services segment include the volume of new loans and leases, the yield earned on the loans and leases, the costs of funding investments in loans and leases and the ability to collect the amounts owed to PFS. New loan and lease volume is dependent on the volume of new trucks sold by Kenworth, Peterbilt and DAF and the share of those truck sales that are financed by the Financial Services segment. The Company’s Financial Services market share is influenced by the extent of competition in the financing market. PFS’s primary competitors include commercial banks and independent finance and leasing companies.

The revenue earned on loans and leases depends on market interest and lease rates and the ability of PFS to differentiate itself from the competition by superior industry knowledge and customer service. Dealer inventory loans have variable rates with rates reset monthly based on an index pertaining to the applicable local market. Retail loan and lease contracts normally have fixed rates over the contract term. PFS obtains funds either through fixed rate borrowings or through variable rate borrowings, a portion of which have been effectively converted to fixed rate through the use of interest-rate contracts. This enables PFS to obtain a stable spread between the cost of borrowing and the yield on fixed rate contracts over the contract term. Included in Financial Services cost of revenues is depreciation on equipment on operating leases. The amount of depreciation on operating leases principally depends on the acquisition cost of leased equipment, the term of the leases, which generally ranges from three to five years, and the residual value of the leases, which generally ranges from 30% to 50%. The margin earned is the difference between the revenues on loan and lease contracts and the direct costs of operation, including interest and depreciation.

PFS incurs credit losses when customers are unable to pay the full amounts due under loan and finance lease contracts. PFS takes a conservative approach to underwriting new retail business in order to minimize credit losses.

The ability of customers to pay their obligations to PFS depends on the state of the general economy, the extent of freight demand, freight rates and the cost of fuel, among other factors. PFS limits its exposure to any one customer, with no one customer or dealer balance representing over 5% of the aggregate portfolio assets. PFS generally requires a down payment and secures its interest in the underlying truck collateral and may require other collateral or guarantees. In the event of default, PFS will repossess the truck and sell it in the open market primarily through its dealer network. PFS will also seek to recover any shortfall between the amounts owed and the amounts recovered from sale of the collateral. The amount of credit losses depends on the rate of default on loans and finance leases and, in the event of repossession, the ability to recover the amount owed from sale of the collateral which is affected by used truck prices. PFS’s experience over the last fifty years financing truck sales has been that periods of economic weakness result in higher past dues and increased rates of repossession. Used truck prices also tend to fall during periods of economic weakness. As a result, credit losses tend to increase during periods of economic weakness. PFS provides an allowance for credit losses based on specifically identified customer risks and an analysis of estimated losses inherent in the portfolio, considering the amount of past due accounts, the trends of used truck prices and the economic environment in each of its markets.

Financial Services SG&A expenses consist primarily of personnel costs associated with originating and servicing the loan and lease portfolios. These costs vary somewhat depending on overall levels of business activity, but given the ongoing nature of servicing activities, tend to be relatively stable.

OTHER BUSINESSES

Other businesses include a division of the Company which manufactures industrial winches in two U.S. plants and markets them under the Braden, Carco and Gearmatic nameplates. The markets for these products are highly competitive, and the Company competes with a number of well established firms. Sales of industrial winches were less than 1% of total net sales and revenues in 2015, 2014 and 2013.

The Braden, Carco and Gearmatic trademarks and trade names are recognized internationally and play an important role in the marketing of those products.

PATENTS

The Company owns numerous patents which relate to all product lines. Although these patents are considered important to the overall conduct of the Company’s business, no patent or group of patents is considered essential to a material part of the Company’s business.

REGULATION

As a manufacturer of highway trucks, the Company is subject to the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act and Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards promulgated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration as well as environmental laws and regulations in the United States, and is subject to similar regulations in all countries where it has operations and where its trucks are distributed. In addition, the Company is subject to certain other licensing requirements to do business in the United States and Europe. The Company believes it is in compliance with laws and regulations applicable to safety standards, the environment and other licensing requirements in all countries where it has operations and where its trucks are distributed.

Information regarding the effects that compliance with international, federal, state and local provisions regulating the environment have on the Company’s capital and operating expenditures and the Company’s involvement in environmental cleanup activities is included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in Items 7 and 8, respectively.

EMPLOYEES

On December 31, 2015, the Company had approximately 23,000 employees.

OTHER DISCLOSURES

The Company’s filings on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K and any amendments to those reports can be found on the Company’s website www.paccar.com free of charge as soon as practicable after the report is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition, the Company’s reports filed with the SEC can be found at www.sec.gov. The information on the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference into this report.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS.

The following are significant risks which could have a material negative impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Business and Industry Risks

Commercial Truck Market Demand is Variable. The Company’s business is highly sensitive to global and national economic conditions as well as economic conditions in the industries and markets it serves. Negative economic conditions and outlook can materially weaken demand for the Company’s equipment and services. The yearly demand for commercial vehicles may increase or decrease more than overall gross domestic product in markets the Company serves, which are principally North America and Europe. Demand for commercial vehicles may also be affected by the introduction of new vehicles and technologies by the Company or its competitors.

Competition and Prices. The Company operates in a highly competitive environment, which could adversely affect the Company’s sales and pricing. Financial results depend largely on the ability to develop, manufacture and market competitive products that profitably meet customer demand.

Production Costs and Supplier Capacity. The Company’s products are exposed to variability in material and commodity costs. Commodity or component price increases and significant shortages of component products may adversely impact the Company’s financial results or use of its production capacity. Many of the Company’s suppliers also supply automotive manufacturers, and factors that adversely affect the automotive industry can also have adverse effects on these suppliers and the Company. Supplier delivery performance can be adversely affected if increased demand for these suppliers’ products exceeds their production capacity. Unexpected events, including natural disasters, may increase the Company’s cost of doing business or disrupt the Company’s or its suppliers’ operations.

Liquidity Risks, Credit Ratings and Costs of Funds. Disruptions or volatility in global financial markets could limit the Company’s sources of liquidity, or the liquidity of customers, dealers and suppliers. A lowering of the Company’s credit ratings could increase the cost of borrowing and adversely affect access to capital markets. The Company’s Financial Services segment obtains funds for its operations from commercial paper, medium-term notes and bank debt. If the markets for commercial paper, medium-term notes and bank debt do not provide the necessary liquidity in the future, the Financial Services segment may experience increased costs or may have to limit its financing of retail and wholesale assets. This could result in a reduction of the number of vehicles the Company is able to produce and sell to customers.

The Financial Services Industry is Highly Competitive. The Company’s Financial Services segment competes with banks, other commercial finance companies and financial services firms which may have lower costs of borrowing, higher leverage or market share goals that result in a willingness to offer lower interest rates, which may lead to decreased margins, lower market share or both. A decline in the Company’s truck unit sales and a decrease in truck residual values due to lower used truck pricing are also factors which may affect the Company’s Financial Services segment.

The Financial Services Segment is Subject to Credit Risk. The Financial Services segment is exposed to the risk of loss arising from the failure of a customer, dealer or counterparty to meet the terms of the loans, leases and derivative contracts with the Company. Although the financial assets of the Financial Services segment are secured by underlying equipment collateral, in the event a customer cannot meet its obligations to the Company, there is a risk that the value of the underlying collateral will not be sufficient to recover the amounts owed to the Company, resulting in credit losses.

Interest-Rate Risks. The Financial Services segment is subject to interest-rate risks, because increases in interest rates can reduce demand for its products, increase borrowing costs and potentially reduce interest margins. PFS uses derivative contracts to match the interest rate characteristics of its debt to the interest rate characteristics of its finance receivables in order to mitigate the risk of changing interest rates.

Product Liability, Litigation and Regulatory Actions. The Company’s products are subject to recall for environmental, performance and safety-related issues. Product recalls, lawsuits, regulatory actions or increases in the reserves the Company establishes for contingencies may increase the Company’s costs and lower profits. Refer to Item 3 – Legal Proceedings for a discussion of the risk associated with the European Commission investigation. The Company’s reputation and its brand names are valuable assets, and claims or regulatory actions, even if unsuccessful or without merit, could adversely affect the Company’s reputation and brand images because of adverse publicity.

Information Technology. The Company relies on information technology systems, including the internet and other computer systems, which may be subject to disruptions during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components; power outages; hardware failures; computer viruses; or outside parties attempting to disrupt the Company’s business or gain unauthorized access to the Company’s electronic data. The Company maintains protections to guard against such events. If the Company’s computer systems were to be damaged, disrupted or breached, it could result in a negative impact on the Company’s operating results and could also cause reputational damage, business disruption or the disclosure of confidential data.

Political, Regulatory and Economic Risks

Multinational Operations. The Company’s global operations are exposed to political, economic and other risks and events beyond its control in the countries in which the Company operates. The Company may be adversely affected by political instabilities, fuel shortages or interruptions in utility or transportation systems, natural calamities, wars, terrorism and labor strikes. Changes in government monetary or fiscal policies and international trade policies may impact demand for the Company’s products, financial results and competitive position. PACCAR’s global operations are subject to extensive trade, competition and anti-corruption laws and regulations that could impose significant compliance costs.

Environmental Regulations. The Company’s operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations that impose significant compliance costs. The Company could experience higher research and development costs due to changes in government requirements for its products, including changes in emissions, fuel, greenhouse gas or other regulations.

Currency Exchange and Translation. The Company’s consolidated financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, while significant operations are denominated in the currencies of other countries. Currency exchange rate fluctuations can affect the Company’s assets, liabilities and results of operations through both translation and transaction risk, as reported in the Company’s financial statements. The Company uses certain derivative financial instruments and localized production of its products to reduce, but not eliminate, the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

Accounting Estimates. In the preparation of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management uses estimates and makes judgments and assumptions that affect asset and liability values and the amounts reported as income and expense during the periods presented. Certain of these estimates, judgments and assumptions, such as residual values on operating leases, the allowance for credit losses, warranty and pension expenses and the provision for income taxes, are particularly sensitive. If actual results are different from estimates used by management, they may have a material impact on the financial statements. For additional disclosures regarding accounting estimates, see “Critical Accounting Policies” under Item 7 of this Form 10-K.

Taxes. Changes in statutory income tax rates in the countries in which the Company operates impact the Company’s effective tax rate. Changes to other taxes or the adoption of other new tax legislation could affect the Company’s provision for income taxes and related tax assets and liabilities.

ITEM 1B.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES.

The Company and its subsidiaries own and operate manufacturing plants in five U.S. states, three countries in Europe, and in Australia, Brasil, Canada and Mexico. The Company also has 17 parts distribution centers, many sales and service offices, and finance and administrative offices which are operated in owned or leased premises in these and other locations. Facilities for product testing and research and development are located in Washington state and the Netherlands. The Company’s corporate headquarters is located in owned premises in Bellevue, Washington. The Company considers all of the properties used by its businesses to be suitable for their intended purposes.

The Company invests in facilities, equipment and processes to provide manufacturing and warehouse capacity to meet its customers’ needs and improve operating performance.

The following summarizes the number of the Company’s manufacturing plants and parts distribution centers by geographical location within indicated industry segments:


	U.S.		Canada		Australia		Mexico		Europe		So. America
Truck		4		1		1		1		3		1
Parts		6		2		1		1		5		2
Other		2		–		–		–		–		–

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

In January 2011, the European Commission (EC) commenced an investigation of all major European commercial vehicle manufacturers, including subsidiaries of the Company, concerning whether such companies participated in agreements or concerted practices to coordinate their commercial policy in the European Union. On November 20, 2014, the EC issued a Statement of Objections to the manufacturers, including DAF Trucks N.V., its subsidiary DAF Trucks Deutschland GmbH and PACCAR Inc as their parent. The Statement of Objections is a procedural step in which the EC expressed its preliminary view that the manufacturers

had participated in anticompetitive practices in the European Union. The EC indicated that it will seek to impose significant fines on the manufacturers. DAF is cooperating with the EC and is preparing its response to the Statement of Objections. The EC will review the manufacturers’ responses before issuing a decision. Any decision would be subject to appeal. The Company is unable to estimate the potential fine at this time and accordingly, no accrual for any potential fine has been made as of December 31, 2015.

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various lawsuits incidental to the ordinary course of business. Except for the EC matter noted above, management believes that the disposition of such lawsuits will not materially affect the Company’s business or financial condition.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

(a)	Market Information, Holders, Dividends, Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans and Performance Graph.

Market Information, Holders and Dividends.

Common stock of the Company is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol PCAR. The table below reflects the range of trading prices as reported by The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC and cash dividends declared. There were 1,713 record holders of the common stock at December 31, 2015.


	2015						2014
	DIVIDENDS		STOCK PRICE				DIVIDENDS		STOCK PRICE
QUARTER	DECLARED		HIGH		LOW		DECLARED		HIGH		LOW
First	$	.22	$	68.87	$	59.33	$	.20	$	68.81	$	53.59
Second		.22		68.44		60.50		.22		68.38		60.21
Third		.24		66.43		51.51		.22		67.64		56.61
Fourth		.24		56.05		45.04		.22		71.15		55.34
Year-End Extra		1.40						1.00

The Company expects to continue paying regular cash dividends, although there is no assurance as to future dividends because they are dependent upon future earnings, capital requirements and financial conditions.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans.

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2015 regarding compensation plans under which PACCAR equity securities are authorized for issuance.

Number of Securities
Granted and to be
Issued on Exercise of
Outstanding Options
and Other Rights

Weighted-average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options

Securities Available
for Future Grant

Stock compensation plans
approved by stockholders

4,984,226

47.23

15,492,920

All stock compensation plans have been approved by the stockholders.

The number of securities to be issued includes those issuable under the PACCAR Inc Long Term Incentive Plan (LTI Plan) and the Restricted Stock and Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors (RSDC Plan). Securities to be issued include 380,771 shares that represent deferred cash awards payable in stock. The weighted-average exercise price does not include the securities that represent deferred cash awards.

Securities available for future grant are authorized under the following two plans: (i) 14,637,881 shares under the LTI Plan, and (ii) 855,039 shares under the RSDC Plan.

Stockholder Return Performance Graph.

The following line graph compares the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total stockholder return on the Company’s common stock, to the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s Composite 500 Stock Index and the return of the industry peer groups of companies identified in the graph (the “Current Peer Group Index” and the “Prior Peer Group Index”) for the last five fiscal years ended December 31, 2015. Effective January 1, 2015, the Company revised its peer group to include CNH Industrial N.V. (the parent company of Iveco) and removed Scania AB, which was acquired in 2014 and is no longer publicly traded. Standard & Poor’s has calculated a return for each company in the peer group indices weighted according to its respective capitalization at the beginning of each period with dividends reinvested on a monthly basis. Management believes that the identified companies and methodology used in the graph for the peer group indices provides a better comparison than other indices available. The Current Peer Group Index consists of AGCO Corporation, Caterpillar Inc., Cummins Inc., Dana Holding Corporation, Deere & Company, Eaton Corporation, Meritor Inc., Navistar International Corporation, Oshkosh Corporation, AB Volvo and CNH Industrial N.V. CNH Industrial N.V. is included from September 30, 2013, when it began trading on the New York Stock Exchange. The Prior Peer Group Index consists of AGCO Corporation, Caterpillar Inc., Cummins Inc., Dana Holding Corporation, Deere & Company, Eaton Corporation, Meritor Inc., Navistar International Corporation, Oshkosh Corporation, AB Volvo and Scania AB. The comparison assumes that $100 was invested December 31, 2010, in the Company’s common stock and in the stated indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends.

LOGO


	2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015
PACCAR Inc		100		67.51		84.46		113.93		134.66		98.14
S&P 500 Index		100		102.11		118.45		156.82		178.29		180.75
Current Peer Group Index		100		86.52		97.64		113.61		108.97		85.51
Prior Peer Group Index		100		84.66		97.53		111.95		114.14		88.97

(b)	Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities.

Not applicable.

(c)	Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.

On December 6, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to repurchase up to $300 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. As of September 21, 2015, all of the authorized shares had been repurchased under this plan. On September 23, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new plan to repurchase up to an additional $300 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. As of December 31, 2015, $136.3 million of shares had been purchased under this plan. The following are details of repurchases made under the new plan for the fourth quarter of 2015:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Maximum Dollar Value That May Yet be Purchased Under This Plan
October 1 - 31, 2015		150,000	$	51.81	$	279,021,149
November 1 - 30, 2015		999,448	$	51.74	$	227,308,096
December 1 - 31, 2015		1,325,000	$	47.99	$	163,723,038

Total		2,474,448	$	49.74	$	163,723,038

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.


	2015		2014		2013		2012		2011
	(millions except per share data)
Truck, Parts and Other Net Sales	$	17,942.8	$	17,792.8	$	15,948.9	$	15,951.7	$	15,325.9
Financial Services Revenues		1,172.3		1,204.2		1,174.9		1,098.8		1,029.3

Total Revenues	$	19,115.1	$	18,997.0	$	17,123.8	$	17,050.5	$	16,355.2
Net Income	$	1,604.0	$	1,358.8	$	1,171.3	$	1,111.6	$	1,042.3
Net Income Per Share:
Basic		4.52		3.83		3.31		3.13		2.87
Diluted		4.51		3.82		3.30		3.12		2.86
Cash Dividends Declared Per Share		2.32		1.86		1.70		1.58		1.30
Total Assets:
Truck, Parts and Other		8,855.2		8,701.5		9,095.4		7,832.3		7,771.3
Financial Services		12,254.6		11,917.3		11,630.1		10,795.5		9,401.4
Truck, Parts and Other Long-Term Debt						150.0		150.0		150.0
Financial Services Debt		8,591.5		8,230.6		8,274.2		7,730.1		6,505.4
Stockholders’ Equity		6,940.4		6,753.2		6,634.3		5,846.9		5,364.4
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges		21.65x		16.14x		11.17x		10.69x		8.93x

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

OVERVIEW:

PACCAR is a global technology company whose Truck segment includes the design and manufacture of high-quality, light-, medium- and heavy-duty commercial trucks. In North America, trucks are sold under the Kenworth and Peterbilt nameplates, in Europe, under the DAF nameplate and in Australia and South America, under the Kenworth and DAF nameplates. The Parts segment includes the distribution of aftermarket parts for trucks and related commercial vehicles. The Company’s Financial Services segment derives its earnings primarily from financing or leasing PACCAR products in North America, Europe and Australia. The Company’s Other business includes the manufacturing and marketing of industrial winches.

Consolidated net sales and revenues of $19.12 billion in 2015 were the highest in the Company’s history. The increase from $18.99 billion in 2014 was primarily due to stronger industry truck sales in the U.S. and Europe, partially offset by the effects of translating weaker foreign currencies, primarily the euro, to the U.S. dollar.

In 2015, PACCAR earned net income for the 77th consecutive year. Net income in 2015 of $1.60 billion was the highest in the Company’s history, increasing from $1.36 billion in 2014. The results reflect increased truck sales in the U.S. and Europe and strong aftermarket parts and financial services results. The U.S. truck market benefited from record freight demand and expansion of industry fleet capacity. Earnings per diluted share were $4.51 compared to $3.82 in 2014.

The Company is expanding its range of PACCAR engines in North America with the introduction of the PACCAR MX-11 engine, with an output of up to 430 HP and 1,550 lb.-ft. of torque. The PACCAR MX-11 is scheduled to be available in Kenworth and Peterbilt trucks in early 2016. The PACCAR MX-11 engine is designed to deliver excellent performance and fuel economy, industry-leading durability and reliability, and a quiet operating environment for the driver.

Kenworth and Peterbilt launched new vehicle technologies that provide customers real-time diagnostic information to enhance their vehicle operating performance. Kenworth TruckTech+ and Peterbilt SmartLinq diagnostic systems are in production on new Class 8 trucks equipped with the PACCAR MX-13 engine. In addition, Predictive Cruise Control is in production for Kenworth T680 and T660 trucks and Peterbilt Model 579 and Model 567 trucks, specified with the PACCAR MX-13 engine. The new driver assist systems integrate cruise control with global positioning system data to anticipate road contours, enabling the PACCAR MX-13 engine to achieve outstanding fuel economy.

Kenworth and Peterbilt have developed additional technologies to enhance customers’ driver performance and profitability. Driver Performance Assistant and Driver Shift Aid are standard equipment on Kenworth T680 and T660 trucks and Peterbilt Model 579 and Model 567 trucks, specified with the PACCAR MX-13 engine. Driver Performance Assistant provides drivers with real-time coaching on driving behavior and a scoring system to optimize driver performance and fuel economy. Driver Shift Aid provides drivers in vehicles with manual transmissions a visual cue to shift at the optimal RPM and engine torque to maximize fuel economy.

DAF introduced the new LF 2016 Edition which features enhancements to the PACCAR PX-5 4.5 liter engine, resulting in up to 5% better fuel efficiency. In addition, a new DAF aerodynamic package results in 4% better fuel efficiency, while advanced technologies such as Lane Departure Warning System, Advanced Emergency Braking System, Forward Collision Warning and Adaptive Cruise Control enhance comfort and safety.

PACCAR Parts added 18 dealer-owned TRP stores in 2015, building on the success of PACCAR Parts’ TRP brand of aftermarket parts for all makes of medium- and heavy-duty trucks, trailers and buses. TRP stores are strategically located to bring TRP products and technical expertise close to the customer. PACCAR’s new 160,000 square-foot distribution center in Renton, Washington is under construction and is expected to open in the second quarter of 2016.

The PACCAR Financial Services (PFS) group of companies has operations covering four continents and 22 countries. The global breadth of PFS and its rigorous credit application process support a portfolio of loans and leases with total assets of $12.25 billion that earned pre-tax profit of $362.6 million. PFS issued $1.92 billion in medium-term notes during the year to support portfolio growth.

In 2015, the Company’s capital investments were $308.4 million compared to $223.1 million in 2014, and research and development (R&D) expenses were $239.8 million in 2015 compared to $215.6 million in 2014.

Truck Outlook

Truck industry retail sales in the U.S. and Canada in 2016 are expected to be 230,000 to 260,000 units compared to 278,400 in 2015. In Europe, the 2016 truck industry registrations for over 16-tonne vehicles are projected to increase to a range of 260,000 to 290,000 units, compared to the 269,100 truck registrations in 2015. In South America, heavy-duty truck industry sales were 74,000 units in 2015, and the 2016 heavy-duty truck industry sales are estimated to be in a range of 70,000 to 80,000 units.

Parts Outlook

In 2016, PACCAR Parts sales in North America are expected to increase 3-5%, reflecting steady economic growth and high fleet utilization. In 2016, Europe aftermarket sales are expected to increase 3-5%, reflecting good freight markets and PACCAR Parts’ innovative customer service programs. The U.S. dollar value of sales in Europe may continue to be affected by recent declines in the value of the euro relative to the U.S. dollar.

Financial Services Outlook

Based on the truck market outlook, average earning assets in 2016 are expected to be comparable to the record levels achieved in 2015. Current strong levels of freight tonnage, freight rates and fleet utilization are contributing to customers’ profitability and cash flow. If current freight transportation conditions decline due to weaker economic conditions, then past due accounts, truck repossessions and credit losses would likely increase from the current low levels and new business volumes would likely decline.

Capital Spending and R&D Outlook

Capital investments in 2016 are expected to be $325 to $375 million, and R&D is expected to be $240 to $270 million focused on enhanced aftermarket support, manufacturing facilities and new product development.

See the Forward-Looking Statements section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis for factors that may affect these outlooks.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS:


($ in millions, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31,	2015			2014			2013
Net sales and revenues:
Truck	$	14,782.5		$	14,594.0		$	13,002.9
Parts		3,060.1			3,077.5			2,822.2
Other		100.2			121.3			123.8

Truck, Parts and Other		17,942.8			17,792.8			15,948.9
Financial Services		1,172.3			1,204.2			1,174.9

	$	19,115.1		$	18,997.0		$	17,123.8

Income (loss) before income taxes:
Truck	$	1,440.3		$	1,160.1		$	936.7
Parts		555.6			496.7			416.0
Other		(43.2	)		(31.9	)		(26.5	)

Truck, Parts and Other		1,952.7			1,624.9			1,326.2
Financial Services		362.6			370.4			340.2
Investment income		21.8			22.3			28.6
Income taxes		(733.1	)		(658.8	)		(523.7	)

Net Income	$	1,604.0		$	1,358.8		$	1,171.3

Diluted earnings per share	$	4.51		$	3.82		$	3.30


Return on revenues		8.4	%		7.2	%		6.8	%

The following provides an analysis of the results of operations for the Company’s three reportable segments - Truck, Parts and Financial Services. Where possible, the Company has quantified the impact of factors identified in the following discussion and analysis. In cases where it is not possible to quantify the impact of factors, the Company lists them in estimated order of importance. Factors for which the Company is unable to specifically quantify the impact include market demand, fuel prices, freight tonnage and economic conditions affecting the Company’s results of operations.

2015 Compared to 2014:

Truck

The Company’s Truck segment accounted for 77% of total revenues for both 2015 and 2014.


($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,	2015			2014			% CHANGE
Truck net sales and revenues:
U.S. and Canada	$	9,774.3		$	8,974.5			9
Europe		3,472.1			3,657.6			(5	)
Mexico, South America, Australia and other		1,536.1			1,961.9			(22	)

	$	14,782.5		$	14,594.0			1

Truck income before income taxes	$	1,440.3		$	1,160.1			24


Pre-tax return on revenues		9.7	%		7.9	%

The Company’s worldwide truck net sales and revenues increased to $14.78 billion from $14.59 billion in 2014, primarily due to higher truck deliveries in the U.S and Europe. The effects of translating weaker foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro, reduced 2015 worldwide truck net sales and revenues by $940.0 million.

Truck segment income before income taxes and pre-tax return on revenues reflect higher truck unit deliveries and improved gross margins in the U.S. and Europe. The effects on income before income taxes of translating weaker foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro, were largely offset by lower costs of North American MX engine components imported from Europe.

The Company’s new truck deliveries are summarized below:

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

% CHANGE

U.S. and Canada

91,300

84,800

Europe

47,400

39,500

Mexico, South America, Australia and other

16,000

18,600

(14

)

Total units

154,700

142,900

In 2015, industry retail sales in the heavy-duty market in the U.S. and Canada increased to 278,400 units from 249,400 units in 2014. The Company’s heavy-duty truck retail market share was 27.4% compared to 27.9% in 2014. The medium-duty market was 82,400 units in 2015 compared to 73,300 units in 2014. The Company’s medium-duty market share was a record 17.4% in 2015 compared to 16.7% in 2014.

The over 16-tonne truck market in Western and Central Europe in 2015 was 269,100 units, a 19% increase from 226,300 units in 2014. DAF market share was 14.6% in 2015, an increase from 13.8% in 2014. The 6 to 16-tonne market in 2015 was 49,000 units compared to 46,500 units in 2014. DAF market share was 9.0% in 2015, an increase from 8.9% in 2014.

The major factors for the changes in net sales and revenues, cost of sales and revenues and gross margin between 2015 and 2014 for the Truck segment are as follows:

($ in millions)

NET
SALES

COST
OF SALES

GROSS
MARGIN

2014

14,594.0

13,105.5

1,488.5

Increase (decrease)

Truck delivery volume

1,131.1

884.1

247.0

Average truck sales prices

78.2

Average per truck material, labor and other direct costs

(107.7

)

107.7

Factory overhead and other indirect costs

29.6

(29.6

)

Operating leases

(80.8

)

(75.6

)

(5.2

)

Currency translation

(940.0

)

(857.6

)

(82.4

)

Total increase (decrease)

188.5

(127.2

)

315.7

2015

14,782.5

12,978.3

1,804.2

• Truck delivery volume reflects higher truck deliveries in the U.S. and Canada and Europe which resulted in higher sales ($1,413.2 million) and cost of sales ($1,113.6 million), partially offset by lower truck deliveries in Mexico and Australia which resulted in lower sales ($288.2 million) and costs of sales ($233.1 million).

• Average truck sales prices increased sales by $78.2 million, primarily due to improved price realization in Europe.

• Average cost per truck decreased cost of sales by $107.7 million, primarily due to lower material costs, reflecting lower commodity prices and lower costs of North American MX engine components imported from Europe which benefited from the decline in the value of the euro.

• Factory overhead and other indirect costs increased $29.6 million, primarily due to higher supplies and maintenance costs ($31.1 million).

• Operating lease revenues decreased by $80.8 million and cost of sales decreased by $75.6 million due to lower average asset balances.

• The currency translation effect on sales and cost of sales reflects a decline in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro.

• Truck gross margins in 2015 of 12.2% increased from 10.2% in 2014 due to the factors noted above.

Truck selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) for 2015 decreased to $192.6 million from $198.2 million in 2014. The decrease was primarily due to currency translation effect ($21.8 million), mostly related to a decline in the value of the euro relative

to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by higher promotion and marketing costs ($11.6 million) and higher salaries and related expenses ($7.6 million). As a percentage of sales, SG&A decreased to 1.3% in 2015 compared to 1.4% in 2014, reflecting higher sales volume.

Parts

The Company’s Parts segment accounted for 16% of total revenues for both 2015 and 2014.


($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,	2015			2014			% CHANGE
Parts net sales and revenues:
U.S. and Canada	$	1,969.4		$	1,842.9			7
Europe		773.9			867.2			(11	)
Mexico, South America, Australia and other		316.8			367.4			(14	)

	$	3,060.1		$	3,077.5			(1	)

Parts income before income taxes	$	555.6		$	496.7			12


Pre-tax return on revenues		18.2	%		16.1	%

The Company’s worldwide parts net sales and revenues were $3.06 billion in 2015 compared to $3.08 billion in 2014. Higher aftermarket demand in North America and Europe was offset by a decline in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro, which reduced 2015 worldwide parts net sales and revenues by $193.3 million. The increase in Parts segment income before income taxes and pre-tax return on revenues in 2015 was primarily due to higher sales and gross margins. This was partially offset by a decline in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro, which reduced 2015 Parts segment income before income taxes by $34.1 million. The major factors for the changes in net sales and revenues, cost of sales and revenues and gross margin between 2015 and 2014 for the Parts segment are as follows:
($ in millions)	NET SALES			COST OF SALES			GROSS MARGIN
2014	$	3,077.5		$	2,281.7		$	795.8
Increase (decrease)
Aftermarket parts volume		123.5			69.1			54.4
Average aftermarket parts sales prices		52.4						52.4
Average aftermarket parts direct costs					2.9			(2.9	)
Warehouse and other indirect costs					7.3			(7.3	)
Currency translation		(193.3	)		(128.6	)		(64.7	)

Total (decrease) increase		(17.4	)		(49.3	)		31.9

2015	$	3,060.1		$	2,232.4		$	827.7

•

Higher market demand, primarily in the U.S. and Canada and Europe, resulted in increased aftermarket parts sales volume of $123.5 million and related cost of sales of $69.1 million.

•

Average aftermarket parts sales prices increased sales by $52.4 million reflecting improved price realization in the U.S. and Canada ($31.1 million) and Europe ($21.3 million).

•

Average aftermarket parts direct costs increased $2.9 million due to higher material costs.

•

Warehouse and other indirect costs increased $7.3 million, primarily due to additional costs to support higher sales volume.

•

The currency translation effect on sales and cost of sales reflects a decline in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro.

•

Parts gross margins in 2015 of 27.0% increased from 25.9% in 2014 due to the factors noted above.

Parts SG&A expense for 2015 decreased to $194.7 million from $207.5 million in 2014. The decrease was primarily due to the effects of currency translation ($21.7 million), mostly related to a decline in the value of the euro relative to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by higher salaries and related expenses ($10.3 million). As a percentage of sales, Parts SG&A decreased to 6.4% in 2015 from 6.7% in 2014.

Financial Services

The Company’s Financial Services segment accounted for 6% of total revenues for both 2015 and 2014.


($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,	2015		2014		% CHANGE
New loan and lease volume:
U.S. and Canada	$	2,758.7	$	2,798.3		(1	)
Europe		1,039.0		988.1		5
Mexico and Australia		639.5		668.7		(4	)

	$	4,437.2	$	4,455.1
New loan and lease volume by product:
Loans and finance leases	$	3,383.0	$	3,516.7		(4	)
Equipment on operating lease		1,054.2		938.4		12

	$	4,437.2	$	4,455.1
New loan and lease unit volume:
Loans and finance leases		33,300		32,900		1
Equipment on operating lease		10,700		9,000		19

		44,000		41,900		5
Average earning assets:
U.S. and Canada	$	7,458.3	$	6,779.0		10
Europe		2,512.9		2,683.8		(6	)
Mexico and Australia		1,536.1		1,721.4		(11	)

	$	11,507.3	$	11,184.2		3
Average earning assets by product:
Loans and finance leases	$	7,239.9	$	7,269.3
Dealer wholesale financing		1,775.2		1,462.0		21
Equipment on lease and other		2,492.2		2,452.9		2

	$	11,507.3	$	11,184.2		3
Revenues:
U.S. and Canada	$	675.5	$	641.2		5
Europe		278.6		317.8		(12	)
Mexico and Australia		218.2		245.2		(11	)

	$	1,172.3	$	1,204.2		(3	)
Revenue by product:
Loans and finance leases	$	384.7	$	410.3		(6	)
Dealer wholesale financing		59.1		52.3		13
Equipment on lease and other		728.5		741.6		(2	)

	$	1,172.3	$	1,204.2		(3	)

Income before income taxes	$	362.6	$	370.4		(2	)

New loan and lease volume was $4.44 billion in 2015 compared to $4.46 billion in 2014. PFS finance market share on new PACCAR truck sales was 25.9% in 2015 compared to 27.7% in 2014 due to increased competition.

PFS revenue decreased to $1.17 billion in 2015 from $1.20 billion in 2014. The decrease was primarily due to the effects of translating weaker foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar and lower yields, partially offset by revenues on higher average earning asset balances. The effects of currency translation lowered PFS revenues by $79.3 million for 2015. PFS income before income taxes decreased to $362.6 million from $370.4 million in 2014, primarily due to the effects of translating weaker foreign currencies into the U.S. dollar and lower yields, partially offset by higher average earning asset balances and lower borrowing rates. The effects of currency translation lowered PFS income before income taxes by $21.9 million for 2015.

The major factors for the changes in interest and fees, interest and other borrowing expenses and finance margin between 2015 and 2014 are outlined below:

($ in millions)

INTEREST
AND FEES

INTEREST AND
OTHER
BORROWING
EXPENSES

FINANCE
MARGIN

2014

462.6

133.7

328.9

Increase (decrease)

Average finance receivables

42.8

Average debt balances

10.1

(10.1

)

Yields

(28.2

)

(28.2

)

Borrowing rates

(15.4

)

15.4

Currency translation

(33.4

)

(10.4

)

(23.0

)

Total decrease

(18.8

)

(15.7

)

(3.1

)

2015

443.8

118.0

325.8

• Average finance receivables increased $883.8 million (excluding foreign exchange effects) in 2015 as a result of retail portfolio new business volume exceeding collections.

• Average debt balances increased $713.8 million (excluding foreign exchange effects) in 2015. The higher average debt balances reflect funding for a higher average earning asset portfolio, including loans, finance leases and equipment on operating leases.

• Lower market rates resulted in lower portfolio yields (5.0% in 2015 compared to 5.3% in 2014) and lower borrowing rates (1.4% in 2015 compared to 1.6% in 2014).

• The currency translation effects reflect a decline in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar.

The following table summarizes operating lease, rental and other revenues and depreciation and other expenses:

($ in millions)

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

Operating lease and rental revenues

691.6

712.2

Used truck sales and other

36.9

29.4

Operating lease, rental and other revenues

728.5

741.6

Depreciation of operating lease equipment

466.6

472.3

Vehicle operating expenses

90.7

100.6

Cost of used truck sales and other

26.4

15.6

Depreciation and other expenses

583.7

588.5

The major factors for the changes in operating lease, rental and other revenues, depreciation and other expenses and lease margin between 2015 and 2014 are outlined below:

($ in millions)

OPERATING LEASE,
RENTAL AND
OTHER REVENUES

DEPRECIATION
AND OTHER
EXPENSES

LEASE
MARGIN

2014

741.6

588.5

153.1

Increase (decrease)

Used truck sales

9.5

11.9

(2.4

)

Results on returned lease assets

7.7

(7.7

)

Average operating lease assets

17.3

13.6

3.7

Revenue and cost per asset

8.1

4.6

3.5

Currency translation and other

(48.0

)

(42.6

)

(5.4

)

Total decrease

(13.1

)

(4.8

)

(8.3

)

2015

728.5

583.7

144.8

•

A higher volume of used truck sales increased operating lease, rental and other revenues by $9.5 million and increased depreciation and other expenses by $11.9 million.

•

Results on returned lease assets increased depreciation and other expenses by $7.7 million, primarily due to lower gains on sales of returned lease units.

•

Average operating lease assets increased $188.2 million in 2015 (excluding foreign exchange effects), which increased revenues by $17.3 million and related depreciation and other expenses by $13.6 million.

•

Revenue per asset increased $8.1 million primarily due to higher fee income and higher rental rates, partially offset by lower fuel revenue. Cost per asset increased $4.6 million, primarily due to higher depreciation expense, partially offset by lower fuel expense.

•

The currency translation effects reflect a decline in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro.

The following table summarizes the provision for losses on receivables and net charge-offs:


($ in millions)	2015				2014
($ in millions)	PROVISION FOR LOSSES ON RECEIVABLES		NET CHARGE-OFFS		PROVISION FOR LOSSES ON RECEIVABLES		NET CHARGE-OFFS
U.S. and Canada	$	7.7	$	4.6	$	6.1	$	5.1
Europe		1.9		3.9		5.4		6.5
Mexico and Australia		2.8		4.6		3.9		4.4

	$	12.4	$	13.1	$	15.4	$	16.0

The provision for losses on receivables was $12.4 million in 2015, a decrease of $3.0 million compared to 2014, mainly due to improved portfolio performance in Europe and the effects of translating weaker foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by higher portfolio balances in Europe and the U.S. and Canada.

The Company modifies loans and finance leases as a normal part of its Financial Services operations. The Company may modify loans and finance leases for commercial reasons or for credit reasons. Modifications for commercial reasons are changes to contract terms for customers that are not considered to be in financial difficulty. Insignificant delays are modifications extending terms up to three months for customers experiencing some short-term financial stress, but not considered to be in financial difficulty. Modifications for credit reasons are changes to contract terms for customers considered to be in financial difficulty. The Company’s modifications typically result in granting more time to pay the contractual amounts owed and charging a fee and interest for the term of the modification. When considering whether to modify customer accounts for credit reasons, the Company evaluates the creditworthiness of the customers and modifies those accounts that the Company considers likely to perform under the modified terms. When the Company modifies loans and finance leases for credit reasons and grants a concession, the modifications are classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDR).

The post-modification balance of accounts modified during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are summarized below:


($ in millions)	2015					2014
($ in millions)	RECORDED INVESTMENT		% OF TOTAL PORTFOLIO*			RECORDED INVESTMENT			% OF TOTAL PORTFOLIO*
Commercial	$	166.8		2.3	%	$	181.6			2.5	%
Insignificant delay		70.0		1.0	%		64.1			.9	%
Credit - no concession		36.6		.5	%		31.5			.4	%
Credit - TDR		44.4		.5	%		26.4			.4	%

	$	317.8		4.3	%	$	303.6			4.2	%


* Recorded investment immediately after modification as a percentage of the year-end retail portfolio balance.
In 2015, total modification activity increased compared to 2014, primarily due to higher modifications for credit - TDRs, partially offset by the effects of translating weaker foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar and lower commercial modifications. TDR modifications increased primarily due to contract modifications in Mexico. The decrease in commercial modifications reflects lower volumes of refinancing.
The following table summarizes the Company’s 30+ days past due accounts:
At December 31,						2015			2014
Percentage of retail loan and lease accounts 30+ days past due:
U.S. and Canada							.3	%		.1	%
Europe							.7	%		1.1	%
Mexico and Australia							1.3	%		2.0	%

Worldwide							.5	%		.5	%


Accounts 30+ days past due were .5% at December 31, 2015 and 2014, as higher past due accounts in the U.S. and Canada were offset by lower past dues in all other markets. The Company continues to focus on maintaining low past due balances.
When the Company modifies a 30+ days past due account, the customer is then generally considered current under the revised contractual terms. The Company modified $2.6 million of accounts worldwide during the fourth quarter of 2015 and $4.0 million during the fourth quarter of 2014 that were 30+ days past due and became current at the time of modification. Had these accounts not been modified and continued to not make payments, the pro forma percentage of retail loan and lease accounts 30+ days past due would have been as follows:
At December 31,						2015			2014
Pro forma percentage of retail loan and lease accounts 30+ days past due:
U.S. and Canada							.3	%		.1	%
Europe							.7	%		1.2	%
Mexico and Australia							1.6	%		2.3	%

Worldwide							.6	%		.6	%

Modifications of accounts in prior quarters that were more than 30 days past due at the time of modification are included in past dues if they were not performing under the modified terms at December 31, 2015 and 2014. The effect on the allowance for credit losses from such modifications was not significant at December 31, 2015 and 2014.

The Company’s 2015 and 2014 pre-tax return on average earning assets for Financial Services was 3.2% and 3.3%, respectively.

Other

Other includes the winch business as well as sales, income and expenses not attributable to a reportable segment, including a portion of corporate expense. Other sales represents less than 1% of consolidated net sales and revenues for 2015 and 2014. Other SG&A was $58.7 million in 2015 and $59.5 million in 2014. The decrease in SG&A was primarily due to lower salaries and related expenses. Other income (loss) before tax was a loss of $43.2 million in 2015 compared to a loss of $31.9 million in 2014. The higher loss in 2015 was primarily due to lower income before tax from the winch business which has been affected by lower oilfield related business.

Investment income was $21.8 million in 2015 compared to $22.3 million in 2014. The lower investment income in 2015 was primarily due to the effects of translating weaker foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar, partially offset by higher realized gains and average portfolio balances.

Income Taxes

The 2015 effective income tax rate of 31.4% decreased from 32.7% in 2014. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in research tax credits in 2015.


($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,				2015			2014
Domestic income before taxes				$	1,581.6		$	1,267.3
Foreign income before taxes					755.5			750.3

Total income before taxes				$	2,337.1		$	2,017.6


Domestic pre-tax return on revenues					13.7	%		12.4	%
Foreign pre-tax return on revenues					9.9	%		8.6	%

Total pre-tax return on revenues					12.2	%		10.6	%


The improvement in income before income taxes and return on revenues for domestic operations was primarily due to higher revenues from trucks and parts operations and higher truck and parts margins. The increase in foreign income before income taxes was primarily due to higher revenues from trucks and parts operations and higher truck and parts margins, partially offset by translating weaker foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro. The improvement in return on revenues for foreign operations was primarily due to higher revenues and margins from European truck and parts operations. 2014 Compared to 2013: *Truck* The Company’s Truck segment accounted for 77% and 76% of total revenues for 2014 and 2013, respectively.
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,	2014			2013			% CHANGE
Truck net sales and revenues:
U.S. and Canada	$	8,974.5		$	7,138.1			26
Europe		3,657.6			3,844.4			(5	)
Mexico, South America, Australia and other		1,961.9			2,020.4			(3	)

	$	14,594.0		$	13,002.9			12

Truck income before income taxes	$	1,160.1		$	936.7			24


Pre-tax return on revenues		7.9	%		7.2	%

The Company’s worldwide truck net sales and revenues increased to $14.59 billion from $13.0 billion in 2013, primarily due to higher truck deliveries in the U.S. and Canada, higher price realization in Europe related to higher content Euro 6 emission vehicles, partially offset by lower truck deliveries in Europe and Mexico.

Truck segment income before income taxes and pre-tax return on revenues reflect higher truck unit deliveries and improved price realization in the U.S. and Canada and lower R&D spending, partially offset by lower deliveries in Europe and Mexico.

The Company’s new truck deliveries are summarized below:


Year Ended December 31,	2014			2013			% CHANGE
U.S. and Canada		84,800			68,700			23
Europe		39,500			48,400			(18	)
Mexico, South America, Australia and other		18,600			20,000			(7	)

Total units		142,900			137,100			4

In 2014, industry retail sales in the heavy-duty market in the U.S. and Canada increased to 249,400 units from 212,200 units in 2013. The Company’s heavy-duty truck retail market share was 27.9% compared to 28.0% in 2013. The medium-duty market was 73,300 units in 2014 compared to 65,900 units in 2013. The Company’s medium-duty market share was 16.7% in 2014 compared to 15.7% in 2013. The over 16-tonne truck market in Western and Central Europe in 2014 was 226,300 units, a 6% decrease from 240,800 units in 2013. The largest decreases were in the U.K. and France, partially offset by increases in Germany and Spain. The Company’s market share was 13.8% in 2014, a decrease from 16.2% in 2013. The decrease in market share was primarily due to the lower DAF registrations in the U.K. and the Netherlands which were impacted by the Euro 5/Euro 6 transition rules. The 6 to 16-tonne market in 2014 was 46,500 units compared to 57,200 units in 2013. The Company’s market share was 8.9% in 2014, a decrease from 11.8% in 2013. The decline in market share is a result of reduced registrations in the U.K., which were also affected by the Euro 5/Euro 6 transition rules. The major factors for the changes in net sales and revenues, cost of sales and revenues and gross margin between 2014 and 2013 for the Truck segment are as follows:

($ in millions)	NET SALES			COST OF SALES			GROSS MARGIN
2013	$	13,002.9		$	11,691.9		$	1,311.0
Increase (decrease)
Truck delivery volume		1,265.8			1,086.9			178.9
Average truck sales prices		477.4						477.4
Average per truck material, labor and other direct costs					408.6			(408.6	)
Factory overhead and other indirect costs					63.6			(63.6	)
Operating leases		(7.2	)		(12.5	)		5.3
Currency translation		(144.9	)		(133.0	)		(11.9	)

Total increase		1,591.1			1,413.6			177.5

2014	$	14,594.0		$	13,105.5		$	1,488.5

•

Truck delivery volume reflects higher truck deliveries in the U.S. and Canada which resulted in higher sales ($1,798.6 million) and cost of sales ($1,511.5 million), partially offset by lower truck deliveries in Europe and Mexico which resulted in lower sales ($564.3 million) and costs of sales ($457.8 million).

•

Average truck sales prices increased sales by $477.4 million, primarily due to higher content Euro 6 emission vehicles in Europe ($274.9 million), improved price realization in the U.S. and Canada ($146.6 million) and in Mexico ($31.9 million).

•

Average cost per truck increased cost of sales by $408.6 million, primarily due to higher content Euro 6 emission vehicles in Europe ($352.6 million).

•

Factory overhead and other indirect costs increased $63.6 million, primarily due to higher salaries and related costs ($59.5 million) to support higher sales volume, higher depreciation expense ($13.0 million), partially offset by lower Euro 6 project expenses ($17.4 million).

•

Operating lease revenues and cost of sales decreased due to lower average asset balances as lease maturities exceeded new lease volume.

•

Truck gross margins in 2014 of 10.2% increased from 10.1% in 2013 due to factors noted above.

Truck SG&A expenses for 2014 decreased to $198.2 million from $214.1 million in 2013. The decrease was primarily due to lower promotion and marketing costs. As a percentage of sales, SG&A decreased to 1.4% in 2014 compared to 1.6% in 2013, reflecting higher sales volume and ongoing cost controls.

Parts

The Company’s Parts segment accounted for 16% of total revenues for both 2014 and 2013.


($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,	2014			2013			% CHANGE
Parts net sales and revenues:
U.S. and Canada	$	1,842.9		$	1,635.5			13
Europe		867.2			828.3			5
Mexico, South America, Australia and other		367.4			358.4			3

	$	3,077.5		$	2,822.2			9

Parts income before income taxes	$	496.7		$	416.0			19


Pre-tax return on revenues		16.1	%		14.7	%

The Company’s worldwide parts net sales and revenues increased due to higher aftermarket demand in all markets. The increase in Parts segment income before taxes and pre-tax return on revenues was primarily due to higher sales and gross margins. The major factors for the changes in net sales and revenues, cost of sales and revenues and gross margin between 2014 and 2013 for the Parts segment are as follows:

($ in millions)	NET SALES			COST OF SALES			GROSS MARGIN
2013	$	2,822.2		$	2,107.0		$	715.2
Increase (decrease)
Aftermarket parts volume		187.8			120.0			67.8
Average aftermarket parts sales prices		82.5						82.5
Average aftermarket parts direct costs					57.8			(57.8	)
Warehouse and other indirect costs					8.0			(8.0	)
Currency translation		(15.0	)		(11.1	)		(3.9	)

Total increase		255.3			174.7			80.6

2014	$	3,077.5		$	2,281.7		$	795.8

•

Higher market demand in all markets resulted in increased aftermarket parts sales volume of $187.8 million and related cost of sales by $120.0 million.

•

Average aftermarket parts sales prices increased sales by $82.5 million reflecting improved price realization in all markets.

•

Average aftermarket parts direct costs increased $57.8 million due to higher material costs in all markets.

•

Warehouse and other indirect costs increased $8.0 million primarily due to additional costs to support higher sales volume.

•

Parts gross margins in 2014 of 25.9% increased from 25.3% in 2013 due to the factors noted above.

Parts SG&A expense for 2014 increased to $207.5 million from $204.1 million in 2013. The increase was primarily due to higher salaries and related expenses. As a percentage of sales, Parts SG&A decreased to 6.7% in 2014 from 7.2% in 2013, reflecting higher sales volume.

Financial Services

The Company’s Financial Services segment accounted for 6% and 7% of total revenues for 2014 and 2013, respectively.


($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,	2014		2013		% CHANGE
New loan and lease volume:
U.S. and Canada	$	2,798.3	$	2,617.4		7
Europe		988.1		838.3		18
Mexico and Australia		668.7		862.9		(23	)

	$	4,455.1	$	4,318.6		3
New loan and lease volume by product:
Loans and finance leases	$	3,516.7	$	3,368.1		4
Equipment on operating lease		938.4		950.5		(1	)

	$	4,455.1	$	4,318.6		3
New loan and lease unit volume:
Loans and finance leases		32,900		32,200		2
Equipment on operating lease		9,000		9,000

		41,900		41,200		2
Average earning assets:
U.S. and Canada	$	6,779.0	$	6,331.9		7
Europe		2,683.8		2,495.9		8
Mexico and Australia		1,721.4		1,770.1		(3	)

	$	11,184.2	$	10,597.9		6
Average earning assets by product:
Loans and finance leases	$	7,269.3	$	6,876.3		6
Dealer wholesale financing		1,462.0		1,490.9		(2	)
Equipment on lease and other		2,452.9		2,230.7		10

	$	11,184.2	$	10,597.9		6
Revenues:
U.S. and Canada	$	641.2	$	626.6		2
Europe		317.8		303.5		5
Mexico and Australia		245.2		244.8

	$	1,204.2	$	1,174.9		2
Revenue by product:
Loans and finance leases	$	410.3	$	407.7		1
Dealer wholesale financing		52.3		55.1		(5	)
Equipment on lease and other		741.6		712.1		4

	$	1,204.2	$	1,174.9		2

Income before income taxes	$	370.4	$	340.2		9

In 2014, new loan and lease volume of $4.46 billion increased 3% compared to $4.32 billion in 2013. PFS finance market share on new PACCAR truck sales was 27.7% in 2014 compared to 29.2% in 2013 due to increased competition.

PFS revenue of $1.20 billion in 2014 was comparable to $1.17 billion in 2013. PFS income before income taxes increased to a record $370.4 million compared to $340.2 million in 2013, primarily due to higher finance and lease margins related to increased average earning asset balances.

The major factors for the changes in interest and fees, interest and other borrowing expenses and finance margin between 2014 and 2013 are outlined below:


($ in millions)	INTEREST AND FEES			INTEREST AND OTHER BORROWING EXPENSES			FINANCE MARGIN
2013	$	462.8		$	155.9		$	306.9
Increase (decrease)
Average finance receivables		23.7						23.7
Average debt balances					5.3			(5.3	)
Yields		(19.1	)					(19.1	)
Borrowing rates					(26.0	)		26.0
Currency translation		(4.8	)		(1.5	)		(3.3	)

Total (decrease) increase		(.2	)		(22.2	)		22.0

2014	$	462.6		$	133.7		$	328.9


• Average finance receivables increased $462.3 million (net of foreign exchange effects) in 2014 as a result of retail portfolio new business volume exceeding collections. • Average debt balances increased $329.4 million in 2014 (net of foreign exchange effects). The higher average debt balances reflect funding for a higher average earning asset portfolio, including loans, finance leases and equipment on operating leases. • Lower market rates resulted in lower portfolio yields (5.3% in 2014 and 5.6% in 2013) and lower borrowing rates (1.6% in 2014 and 2.0% in 2013). The following table summarizes operating lease, rental and other revenues and depreciation and other expenses:
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,				2014			2013
Operating lease and rental revenues				$	712.2		$	663.0
Used truck sales and other					29.4			49.1
Operating lease, rental and other revenues				$	741.6		$	712.1

Depreciation of operating lease equipment				$	472.3		$	435.4
Vehicle operating expenses					100.6			98.1
Cost of used truck sales and other					15.6			38.2

Depreciation and other expenses				$	588.5		$	571.7


The major factors for the changes in operating lease, rental and other revenues, depreciation and other expenses and lease margin between 2014 and 2013 are outlined below:
($ in millions)	OPERATING LEASE, RENTAL AND OTHER REVENUES			DEPRECIATION AND OTHER EXPENSES			LEASE MARGIN
2013	$	712.1		$	571.7		$	140.4
Increase (decrease)
Used truck sales		(20.5	)		(20.7	)		.2
Results on returned lease assets					(6.5	)		6.5
Average operating lease assets		39.7			30.6			9.1
Revenue and cost per asset		10.5			15.7			(5.2	)
Currency translation and other		(.2	)		(2.3	)		2.1

Total increase		29.5			16.8			12.7

2014	$	741.6		$	588.5		$	153.1

•

A lower volume of used truck sales decreased operating lease, rental and other revenues by $20.5 million and decreased depreciation and other expenses by $20.7 million.

•

Average operating lease assets increased $222.3 million in 2014, which increased revenues by $39.7 million and related depreciation and other expenses by $30.6 million.

•

Revenue per asset increased $10.5 million due to higher rental rates, partially offset by lower fee income. Cost per asset increased $15.7 million due to higher depreciation and maintenance expenses.

The following table summarizes the provision for losses on receivables and net charge-offs:


	2014					2013
($ in millions)	PROVISION FOR LOSSES ON RECEIVABLES		NET CHARGE-OFFS			PROVISION FOR LOSSES ON RECEIVABLES		NET CHARGE-OFFS
U.S. and Canada	$	6.1	$	5.1		$	1.9	$	.5
Europe		5.4		6.5			7.4		11.0
Mexico and Australia		3.9		4.4			3.6		2.1

	$	15.4	$	16.0		$	12.9	$	13.6

The provision for losses on receivables was $15.4 million in 2014, an increase of $2.5 million compared to 2013, mainly due to a higher portfolio balance in the U.S., higher past dues resulting from a weaker mining industry in Australia, partially offset by improved portfolio performance across other markets. The Company modifies loans and finance leases as a normal part of its Financial Services operations. The Company may modify loans and finance leases for commercial reasons or for credit reasons. Modifications for commercial reasons are changes to contract terms for customers that are not considered to be in financial difficulty. Insignificant delays are modifications extending terms up to three months for customers experiencing some short-term financial stress, but not considered to be in financial difficulty. Modifications for credit reasons are changes to contract terms for customers considered to be in financial difficulty. The Company’s modifications typically result in granting more time to pay the contractual amounts owed and charging a fee and interest for the term of the modification. When considering whether to modify customer accounts for credit reasons, the Company evaluates the creditworthiness of the customers and modifies those accounts that the Company considers likely to perform under the modified terms. When the Company modifies loans and finance leases for credit reasons and grants a concession, the modifications are classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDR). The post-modification balances of accounts modified during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 are summarized below:
($ in millions)	2014					2013
($ in millions)	RECORDED INVESTMENT		% OF TOTAL PORTFOLIO*			RECORDED INVESTMENT		% OF TOTAL PORTFOLIO*
Commercial	$	181.6		2.5	%	$	233.0		3.2	%
Insignificant delay		64.1		.9	%		110.1		1.6	%
Credit - no concession		31.5		.4	%		24.2		.3	%
Credit - TDR		26.4		.4	%		13.6		.2	%

	$	303.6		4.2	%	$	380.9		5.3	%

*	Recorded investment immediately after modification as a percentage of the year-end retail portfolio balance.

In 2014, total modification activity decreased compared to 2013 primarily due to lower modifications for commercial reasons and insignificant delays, partially offset by an increase in TDR modifications. The decrease in commercial modifications primarily reflects lower levels of additional equipment financed and end-of-contract modifications. The decline in modifications for insignificant delays reflects 2013 extensions granted to two customers in Australia primarily due to business disruptions arising from flooding. TDR modifications increased primarily due to a contract modification for a large customer in the U.S.

The following table summarizes the Company’s 30+ days past due accounts:


At December 31,	2014			2013
Percentage of retail loan and lease accounts 30+ days past due:
U.S. and Canada		.1	%		.3	%
Europe		1.1	%		.7	%
Mexico and Australia		2.0	%		1.4	%

Worldwide		.5	%		.5	%


Accounts 30+ days past due were .5% at December 31, 2014 and 2013. The higher past dues in Europe, Mexico and Australia were offset by lower past dues in the U.S. and Canada. The Company continues to focus on maintaining low past due balances.
When the Company modifies a 30+ days past due account, the customer is then generally considered current under the revised contractual terms. The Company modified $4.0 million of accounts worldwide during the fourth quarter of 2014 and $4.9 million during the fourth quarter of 2013 that were 30+ days past due and became current at the time of modification. Had these accounts not been modified and continued to not make payments, the pro forma percentage of retail loan and lease accounts 30+ days past due would have been as follows:
At December 31,	2014			2013
Pro forma percentage of retail loan and lease accounts 30+ days past due:
U.S. and Canada		.1	%		.3	%
Europe		1.2	%		.8	%
Mexico and Australia		2.3	%		1.7	%

Worldwide		.6	%		.6	%

Modifications of accounts in prior quarters that were more than 30 days past due at the time of modification are included in past dues if they were not performing under the modified terms at December 31, 2014 and 2013. The effect on the allowance for credit losses from such modifications was not significant at December 31, 2014 and 2013.

The Company’s 2014 and 2013 pre-tax return on average earning assets for Financial Services was 3.3% and 3.2%, respectively.

Other

Other includes the winch business as well as sales, income and expenses not attributable to a reportable segment, including a portion of corporate expense. Other sales represent approximately 1% of consolidated net sales and revenues for 2014 and 2013. Other SG&A was $59.5 million in 2014 and $47.1 million in 2013. The increase in SG&A was primarily due to higher salaries and related expenses of $11.4 million. Other income (loss) before tax was a loss of $31.9 million in 2014 compared to a loss of $26.5 million in 2013. The higher loss in 2014 was primarily due to higher salaries and related expenses and lower income before tax from the winch business.

Investment income was $22.3 million in 2014 compared to $28.6 million in 2013. The lower investment income in 2014 primarily reflects lower yields on investments due to lower market interest rates, partially offset by higher average investment balances.

Income Taxes

The 2014 effective income tax rate of 32.7% increased from 30.9% in 2013. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a higher proportion of income generated in higher taxed jurisdictions.


($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,				2014			2013
Domestic income before taxes				$	1,267.3		$	827.0
Foreign income before taxes					750.3			868.0

Total income before taxes				$	2,017.6		$	1,695.0


Domestic pre-tax return on revenues					12.4	%		10.2	%
Foreign pre-tax return on revenues					8.6	%		9.7	%

Total pre-tax return on revenues					10.6	%		9.9	%


The higher income before income taxes and return on revenues for domestic operations were primarily due to higher revenues from trucks and parts operations and higher truck margins. The lower income before income taxes and pre-tax return on revenues for foreign operations were primarily due to lower revenues and truck margins in all foreign markets, except Canada. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES:
($ in millions)
At December 31,	2015			2014			2013
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,016.4		$	1,737.6		$	1,750.1
Marketable debt securities		1,448.1			1,272.0			1,267.5

	$	3,464.5		$	3,009.6		$	3,017.6


The Company’s total cash and marketable debt securities at December 31, 2015 increased $454.9 million from the balances at December 31, 2014, primarily due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents. The change in cash and cash equivalents is summarized below:
($ in millions)
Year Ended December 31,	2015			2014			2013
Operating activities:
Net income	$	1,604.0		$	1,358.8		$	1,171.3
Net income items not affecting cash		910.9			875.5			957.5
Pension contributions		(62.9	)		(81.1	)		(26.2	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net		104.0			(29.6	)		273.1

Net cash provided by operating activities		2,556.0			2,123.6			2,375.7
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,974.9	)		(1,531.9	)		(2,151.0	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(196.5	)		(520.5	)		273.8
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(105.8	)		(83.7	)		(20.8	)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		278.8			(12.5	)		477.7
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year		1,737.6			1,750.1			1,272.4

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year	$	2,016.4		$	1,737.6		$	1,750.1

2015 Compared to 2014:

Operating activities: Cash provided by operations increased $432.4 million to $2.56 billion in 2015 compared to $2.12 billion in 2014. Higher operating cash flow reflects $245.2 million of higher net income and $253.8 million from inventory as there was $64.3 million in net inventory reductions in 2015 vs. $189.5 million in net inventory purchases in 2014. In addition, higher cash inflows reflects $176.6 million from accounts receivables as collections exceeded sales in 2015 ($105.3 million) compared to sales exceeding collections in 2014 ($71.3 million). A lower increase in Financial Services sales-type finance leases and dealer direct loans on new trucks also contributed $126.5 million. These cash inflows were partially offset by cash outflows of $414.9 million from accounts payable and accrued expenses, where payments from goods and services exceeded purchases in 2015 ($162.6 million) compared to purchases exceeding payments in 2014 ($252.3 million).

Investing activities: Cash used in investing activities of $1.97 billion in 2015 increased $443.0 million from the $1.53 billion used in 2014, primarily due to higher cash used in the acquisitions of equipment for operating leases of $199.4 million, $169.7 million higher net purchases of marketable securities and $116.0 million in higher net originations of retail loans and direct financing leases in 2015. These outflows were partially offset by higher proceeds from asset disposals of $53.3 million.

Financing activities: Cash used in financing activities was $196.5 million in 2015 compared to $520.5 million in 2014. The Company paid $680.5 million of dividends in 2015 compared to $623.8 million paid in 2014, an increase of $56.7 million. In addition, the Company repurchased 3.8 million shares of common stock for $201.6 million in 2015 compared to .7 million shares for $42.7 million in 2014. In 2015, the Company issued $1.99 billion of term debt and $250.7 million of commercial paper and short-term bank loans and repaid maturing term debt of $1.58 billion. In 2014, the Company issued $1.65 billion of term debt and $349.1 million of commercial paper and short-term bank loans and repaid maturing term debt of $1.88 billion. This resulted in cash provided by borrowing activities of $663.8 million in 2015, $546.9 million higher than cash provided by borrowing activities of $116.9 million in 2014.

2014 Compared to 2013:

Operating activities: Cash provided by operations decreased $252.1 million to $2.12 billion in 2014 compared to $2.38 billion in 2013. Lower operating cash flow reflects a higher increase in Financial Services segment wholesale receivables of $150.3 million and a higher increase in net purchases of inventories of $149.9 million. In addition, lower cash inflows resulted from a reduction in liabilities for residual value guarantees (RVG) and deferred revenues of $138.7 million, primarily due to a lower volume of new RVG contracts compared to 2013, and $54.9 million in higher pension contributions. These outflows were partially offset by $187.5 million of higher net income and $74.5 million of higher depreciation on property, plant and equipment.

Investing activities: Cash used in investing activities of $1.53 billion in 2014 decreased $619.1 million from the $2.15 billion used in 2013, primarily due to lower net new loan and lease originations of $257.0 million, lower payments for property, plant and equipment of $212.4 million and lower cash used in the acquisitions of equipment for operating leases of $123.1 million.

Financing activities: Cash used in financing activities was $520.5 million for 2014 compared to cash provided by financing activities of $273.8 million in 2013. The Company paid $623.8 million of dividends in 2014 compared to $283.1 million paid in 2013, an increase of $340.7 million. The higher dividends in 2014 reflect a special dividend declared in 2013 and paid in early 2014. In 2013, there was no special dividend payment, as the 2012 special dividend was declared and paid in 2012. The Company also repurchased .7 million shares of common stock for $42.7 million in 2014. In 2014, the Company issued $1.65 billion in term debt and $349.1 million of commercial paper and short-term bank loans and repaid term debt of $1.88 billion. In 2013, the Company issued $2.13 billion in term debt and repaid term debt of $568.9 million and reduced its outstanding commercial paper and bank loans by $1.04 billion. This resulted in cash provided by borrowing activities of $116.9 million, $409.0 million lower than cash provided by borrowing activities of $525.9 million in 2013.

Credit Lines and Other:

The Company has line of credit arrangements of $3.43 billion, of which $3.26 billion were unused at December 31, 2015. Included in these arrangements are $3.0 billion of syndicated bank facilities, of which $1.0 billion expires in June 2016, $1.0 billion expires in June 2019 and $1.0 billion expires in June 2020. The Company intends to replace these credit facilities on or before expiration with facilities of similar amounts and duration. These credit facilities are maintained primarily to provide backup liquidity for commercial paper borrowings and maturing medium-term notes. There were no borrowings under the syndicated bank facilities for the year ended December 31, 2015.

On September 21, 2015, the Company completed the repurchase of $300.0 million of the Company’s common stock under authorizations approved in December 2011. On September 23, 2015, PACCAR’s Board of Directors approved the repurchase of an additional $300.0 million of the Company’s common stock, and as of December 31, 2015, $136.3 million of shares have been repurchased pursuant to the 2015 authorization.

At December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had cash and cash equivalents and marketable debt securities of $1.82 billion and $1.60 billion, respectively, which are considered indefinitely reinvested in foreign subsidiaries. The Company

periodically repatriates foreign earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested. Dividends paid by foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. parent were $.24 billion, $.24 billion and $.19 billion in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company believes that its U.S. cash and cash equivalents and marketable debt securities, future operating cash flow and access to the capital markets, along with periodic repatriation of foreign earnings, will be sufficient to meet U.S. liquidity requirements.

Truck, Parts and Other

The Company provides funding for working capital, capital expenditures, R&D, dividends, stock repurchases and other business initiatives and commitments primarily from cash provided by operations. Management expects this method of funding to continue in the future.

Investments for property, plant and equipment in 2015 increased to $306.5 million from $220.8 million in 2014, primarily due to higher investments by DAF in Europe and the construction of a new parts distribution center in Renton, Washington. Over the past decade, the Company’s combined investments in worldwide capital projects and R&D totaled $5.92 billion, which have significantly increased the operating capacity and efficiency of its facilities and the competitive advantage of the Company’s premium products.

In 2016, capital investments are expected to be $325 to $375 million, and R&D is expected to be $240 to $270 million focused on enhanced aftermarket support, manufacturing facilities and new product development.

The Company conducts business in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Ireland, Greece, Russia, Ukraine and certain other countries which have been experiencing significant financial stress, fiscal or political strain and the corresponding potential default. The Company routinely monitors its financial exposure to global financial conditions, global counterparties and operating environments. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had finance and trade receivables in these countries of approximately 1% of consolidated total assets. In addition, the Company’s exposures in these countries were insignificant for both derivative counterparty credit and marketable debt security investments in corporate or sovereign government securities as of December 31, 2015.

Financial Services

The Company funds its financial services activities primarily from collections on existing finance receivables and borrowings in the capital markets. The primary sources of borrowings in the capital markets are commercial paper and medium-term notes issued in the public markets and, to a lesser extent, bank loans. An additional source of funds is loans from other PACCAR companies.

The Company issues commercial paper for a portion of its funding in its Financial Services segment. Some of this commercial paper is converted to fixed interest rate debt through the use of interest-rate swaps, which are used to manage interest-rate risk.

In November 2015, the Company’s U.S. finance subsidiary, PACCAR Financial Corp. (PFC), filed a shelf registration under the Securities Act of 1933. The total amount of medium-term notes outstanding for PFC as of December 31, 2015 was $4.40 billion. The registration expires in November 2018 and does not limit the principal amount of debt securities that may be issued during that period.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s European finance subsidiary, PACCAR Financial Europe, had €269.0 million available for issuance under a €1.50 billion medium-term note program listed on the Professional Securities Market of the London Stock Exchange. This program replaced an expiring program in the second quarter of 2015 and is renewable annually through the filing of new listing particulars.

In April 2011, PACCAR Financial Mexico (PFM) registered a 10.00 billion peso medium-term note and commercial paper program with the Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores. The registration expires in April 2016 and limits the amount of commercial paper (up to one year) to 5.00 billion pesos. At December 31, 2015, 8.04 billion pesos remained available for issuance. PFM intends to file a new program in April 2016.

In the event of a future significant disruption in the financial markets, the Company may not be able to issue replacement commercial paper. As a result, the Company is exposed to liquidity risk from the shorter maturity of short-term borrowings paid to lenders compared to the longer timing of receivable collections from customers. The Company believes its cash balances and investments, collections on existing finance receivables, syndicated bank lines and current investment-grade credit ratings of A+/A1 will continue

to provide it with sufficient resources and access to capital markets at competitive interest rates and therefore contribute to the Company maintaining its liquidity and financial stability. A decrease in these credit ratings could negatively impact the Company’s ability to access capital markets at competitive interest rates and the Company’s ability to maintain liquidity and financial stability. PACCAR believes its Financial Services companies will be able to continue funding receivables, servicing debt and paying dividends through internally generated funds, access to public and private debt markets and lines of credit.

Commitments

The following summarizes the Company’s contractual cash commitments at December 31, 2015:


	MATURITY
($ in millions)	WITHIN 1 YEAR		1-3 YEARS		3-5 YEARS		MORE THAN 5 YEARS		TOTAL
Borrowings*	$	4,236.6	$	3,652.9	$	703.1			$	8,592.6
Purchase obligations		177.4		56.9						234.3
Interest on debt**		69.9		82.5		18.5				170.9
Operating leases		23.2		18.9		3.9	$	1.4		47.4
Other obligations		44.5		10.6		1.7		7.3		64.1

	$	4,551.6	$	3,821.8	$	727.2	$	8.7	$	9,109.3

* Commercial paper included in borrowings is at par value. ** Interest on floating-rate debt is based on the applicable market rates at December 31, 2015. Total cash commitments for borrowings and interest on term debt are $8.76 billion and were related to the Financial Services segment. As described in Note I of the consolidated financial statements, borrowings consist primarily of term notes and commercial paper issued by the Financial Services segment. The Company expects to fund its maturing Financial Services debt obligations principally from funds provided by collections from customers on loans and lease contracts, as well as from the proceeds of commercial paper and medium-term note borrowings. Purchase obligations are the Company’s contractual commitments to acquire future production inventory and capital equipment. Other obligations include deferred cash compensation. The Company’s other commitments include the following at December 31, 2015:
	COMMITMENT EXPIRATION
($ in millions)	WITHIN 1 YEAR		1-3 YEARS		3-5 YEARS		MORE THAN 5 YEARS		TOTAL
Loan and lease commitments	$	634.7							$	634.7
Residual value guarantees		284.0	$	325.6	$	75.8	$	6.0		691.4
Letters of credit		15.2		1.4				.1		16.7

	$	933.9	$	327.0	$	75.8	$	6.1	$	1,342.8

Loan and lease commitments are for funding new retail loan and lease contracts. Residual value guarantees represent the Company’s commitment to acquire trucks at a guaranteed value if the customer decides to return the truck at a specified date in the future.

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS:

The Company, its competitors and industry in general are subject to various domestic and foreign requirements relating to the environment. The Company believes its policies, practices and procedures are designed to prevent unreasonable risk of environmental damage and that its handling, use and disposal of hazardous or toxic substances have been in accordance with environmental laws and regulations in effect at the time such use and disposal occurred.

The Company is involved in various stages of investigations and cleanup actions in different countries related to environmental matters. In certain of these matters, the Company has been designated as a “potentially responsible party” by domestic and foreign environmental agencies. The Company has accrued the estimated costs to investigate and complete cleanup actions where it is probable that the Company will incur such costs in the future. Expenditures related to environmental activities in the years ended

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $2.0 million, $1.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Management expects that these matters will not have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated cash flow, liquidity or financial condition.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note A of the consolidated financial statements. In the preparation of the Company’s financial statements, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, management uses estimates and makes judgments and assumptions that affect asset and liability values and the amounts reported as income and expense during the periods presented. The following are accounting policies which, in the opinion of management, are particularly sensitive and which, if actual results are different from estimates used by management, may have a material impact on the financial statements.

Operating Leases

Trucks sold pursuant to agreements accounted for as operating leases are disclosed in Note E of the consolidated financial statements. In determining its estimate of the residual value of such vehicles, the Company considers the length of the lease term, the truck model, the expected usage of the truck and anticipated market demand. Operating lease terms generally range from three to five years. The resulting residual values on operating leases generally range between 30% and 50% of original equipment cost. If the sales price of the trucks at the end of the term of the agreement differs from the Company’s estimated residual value, a gain or loss will result.

Future market conditions, changes in government regulations and other factors outside the Company’s control could impact the ultimate sales price of trucks returned under these contracts. Residual values are reviewed regularly and adjusted if market conditions warrant. A decrease in the estimated equipment residual values would increase annual depreciation expense over the remaining lease term.

During 2015, 2014 and 2013, market values on equipment returning upon operating lease maturity were generally higher than the residual values on the equipment, resulting in a decrease in depreciation expense of $5.8 million, $10.6 million and $4.4 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2015, the aggregate residual value of equipment on operating leases in the Financial Services segment and residual value guarantee on trucks accounted for as operating leases in the Truck segment was $2.10 billion. A 10% decrease in used truck values worldwide, expected to persist over the remaining maturities of the Company’s operating leases, would reduce residual value estimates and result in the Company recording an average of approximately $52.6 million of additional depreciation per year.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses related to the Company’s loans and finance leases is disclosed in Note D of the consolidated financial statements. The Company has developed a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses for its two portfolio segments, retail and wholesale. The retail segment consists of retail loans and direct and sales-type finance leases, net of unearned interest. The wholesale segment consists of truck inventory financing loans to dealers that are collateralized by trucks and other collateral. The wholesale segment generally has less risk than the retail segment. Wholesale receivables generally are shorter in duration than retail receivables, and the Company requires periodic reporting of the wholesale dealer’s financial condition, conducts periodic audits of the trucks being financed and in many cases, obtains guarantees or other security such as dealership assets. In determining the allowance for credit losses, retail loans and finance leases are evaluated together since they relate to a similar customer base, their contractual terms require regular payment of principal and interest, generally over 36 to 60 months, and they are secured by the same type of collateral. The allowance for credit losses consists of both specific and general reserves.

The Company individually evaluates certain finance receivables for impairment. Finance receivables that are evaluated individually for impairment consist of all wholesale accounts and certain large retail accounts with past due balances or otherwise determined to be at a higher risk of loss. A finance receivable is impaired if it is considered probable the Company will be unable to collect all contractual interest and principal payments as scheduled. In addition, all retail loans and leases which have been classified as TDRs and all customer accounts over 90 days past due are considered impaired. Generally, impaired accounts are on non-accrual status. Impaired accounts classified as TDRs which have been performing for 90 consecutive days are placed on accrual status if it is deemed probable that the Company will collect all principal and interest payments.

Impaired receivables are generally considered collateral dependent. Large balance retail and all wholesale impaired receivables are individually evaluated to determine the appropriate reserve for losses. The determination of reserves for large balance impaired receivables considers the fair value of the associated collateral. When the underlying collateral fair value exceeds the Company’s recorded investment, no reserve is recorded. Small balance impaired receivables with similar risk characteristics are evaluated as a separate pool to determine the appropriate reserve for losses using the historical loss information discussed below.

The Company evaluates finance receivables that are not individually impaired on a collective basis and determines the general allowance for credit losses for both retail and wholesale receivables based on historical loss information, using past due account data and current market conditions. Information used includes assumptions regarding the likelihood of collecting current and past due accounts, repossession rates, the recovery rate on the underlying collateral based on used truck values and other pledged collateral or recourse. The Company has developed a range of loss estimates for each of its country portfolios based on historical experience, taking into account loss frequency and severity in both strong and weak truck market conditions. A projection is made of the range of estimated credit losses inherent in the portfolio from which an amount is determined as probable based on current market conditions and other factors impacting the creditworthiness of the Company’s borrowers and their ability to repay. After determining the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses, a provision for losses on finance receivables is charged to income as necessary to reflect management’s estimate of incurred credit losses, net of recoveries, inherent in the portfolio.

The adequacy of the allowance is evaluated quarterly based on the most recent past due account information and current market conditions. As accounts become past due, the likelihood that they will not be fully collected increases. The Company’s experience indicates the probability of not fully collecting past due accounts ranges between 20% and 70%. Over the past three years, the Company’s year-end 30+ days past due accounts were .5% of loan and lease receivables. Historically, a 100 basis point increase in the 30+ days past due percentage has resulted in an increase in credit losses of 5 to 30 basis points of receivables. At December 31, 2015, 30+ days past dues were .5%. If past dues were 100 basis points higher or 1.5% as of December 31, 2015, the Company’s estimate of credit losses would likely have increased by a range of $5 to $25 million depending on the extent of the past dues, the estimated value of the collateral as compared to amounts owed and general economic factors.

Product Warranty

Product warranty is disclosed in Note H of the consolidated financial statements. The expenses related to product warranty are estimated and recorded at the time products are sold based on historical and current data and reasonable expectations for the future regarding the frequency and cost of warranty claims, net of recoveries. Management takes actions to minimize warranty costs through quality-improvement programs; however, actual claim costs incurred could materially differ from the estimated amounts and require adjustments to the reserve. Historically those adjustments have not been material. Over the past three years, warranty expense as a percentage of Truck, Parts and Other net sales and revenues has ranged between 1.4% and 1.8%. If the 2015 warranty expense had been .2% higher as a percentage of net sales and revenues in 2015, warranty expense would have increased by approximately $36 million.

Pension Benefits

Employee benefits are disclosed in Note L of the consolidated financial statements. The Company’s accounting for employee pension benefit costs and obligations is based on management assumptions about the future used by actuaries to estimate net costs and liabilities. These assumptions include discount rates, long-term rates of return on plan assets, inflation rates, retirement rates, mortality rates and other factors. Management bases these assumptions on historical results, the current environment and reasonable estimates of future events.

The discount rate for pension benefits is based on market interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds with a maturity profile that matches the timing of the projected benefit payments of the plans. Changes in the discount rate affect the valuation of the plan benefits obligation and funded status of the plans. The long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on projected returns for each asset class and relative weighting of those asset classes in the plans.

Because differences between actual results and the assumptions for returns on plan assets, retirement rates and mortality rates are accumulated and amortized into expense over future periods, management does not believe these differences or a typical percentage change in these assumptions worldwide would have a material effect on its financial results in the next year. The most significant assumption which could negatively affect pension expense is a decrease in the discount rate. If the discount rate were to decrease .5%,

2015 net pension expense would increase to $107.6 million from $85.0 million and the projected benefit obligation would increase $207.2 million to $2.5 billion from $2.3 billion.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are disclosed in Note M of the consolidated financial statements. The Company calculates income tax expense on pre-tax income based on current tax law. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for future tax consequences on temporary differences between recorded amounts in the financial statements and their respective tax basis. The determination of income tax expense requires management estimates and involves judgment regarding indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings, jurisdictional mix of earnings and future outcomes regarding tax law issues included in tax returns. The Company updates its assumptions on all of these factors each quarter as well as new information on tax laws and differences between estimated taxes and actual returns when filed. If the Company’s assessment of these matters changes, the effect is accounted for in earnings in the period the change is made.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS:

This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements relating to future results of operations or financial position and any other statement that does not relate to any historical or current fact. Such statements are based on currently available operating, financial and other information and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may affect actual results. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: a significant decline in industry sales; competitive pressures; reduced market share; reduced availability of or higher prices for fuel; increased safety, emissions, or other regulations resulting in higher costs and/or sales restrictions; currency or commodity price fluctuations; lower used truck prices; insufficient or under-utilization of manufacturing capacity; supplier interruptions; insufficient liquidity in the capital markets; fluctuations in interest rates; changes in the levels of the Financial Services segment new business volume due to unit fluctuations in new PACCAR truck sales or reduced market shares; changes affecting the profitability of truck owners and operators; price changes impacting truck sales prices and residual values; insufficient supplier capacity or access to raw materials; labor disruptions; shortages of commercial truck drivers; increased warranty costs or litigation; or legislative and governmental regulations. A more detailed description of these and other risks is included under the heading Part 1, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 7A.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Currencies are presented in millions for the market risks and derivative instruments sections below.

Interest-Rate Risks - See Note O for a description of the Company’s hedging programs and exposure to interest rate fluctuations. The Company measures its interest-rate risk by estimating the amount by which the fair value of interest-rate sensitive assets and liabilities, including derivative financial instruments, would change assuming an immediate 100 basis point increase across the yield curve as shown in the following table:


Fair Value Gains (Losses)	2015			2014
CONSOLIDATED:
Assets
Cash equivalents and marketable debt securities	$	(21.7	)	$	(18.0	)
FINANCIAL SERVICES:
Assets
Fixed rate loans		(71.3	)		(69.7	)
Liabilities
Fixed rate term debt		79.0			66.0
Interest-rate swaps		19.3			36.8

Total	$	5.3		$	15.1

Currency Risks - The Company enters into foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge its exposure to exchange rate fluctuations of foreign currencies, particularly the Canadian dollar, the euro, the British pound, the Australian dollar, the Brazilian real and the Mexican peso (see Note O for additional information concerning these hedges). Based on the Company’s sensitivity analysis, the potential loss in fair value for such financial instruments from a 10% unfavorable change in quoted foreign currency exchange rates would be a loss of $30.4 related to contracts outstanding at December 31, 2015, compared to a loss of $36.2 at December 31, 2014. These amounts would be largely offset by changes in the values of the underlying hedged exposures.

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME


Year Ended December 31,	2015		2014		2013
	(millions, except per share data)
TRUCK, PARTS AND OTHER:
Net sales and revenues	$	17,942.8	$	17,792.8	$	15,948.9

Cost of sales and revenues		15,292.1		15,481.6		13,900.7
Research and development		239.8		215.6		251.4
Selling, general and administrative		445.9		465.2		465.3
Interest and other expense, net		12.3		5.5		5.3

		15,990.1		16,167.9		14,622.7

Truck, Parts and Other Income Before Income Taxes		1,952.7		1,624.9		1,326.2

FINANCIAL SERVICES:
Interest and fees		443.8		462.6		462.8
Operating lease, rental and other revenues		728.5		741.6		712.1

Revenues		1,172.3		1,204.2		1,174.9


Interest and other borrowing expenses		118.0		133.7		155.9
Depreciation and other expenses		583.7		588.5		571.7
Selling, general and administrative		95.6		96.2		94.2
Provision for losses on receivables		12.4		15.4		12.9

		809.7		833.8		834.7

Financial Services Income Before Income Taxes		362.6		370.4		340.2

Investment income		21.8		22.3		28.6

Total Income Before Income Taxes		2,337.1		2,017.6		1,695.0
Income taxes		733.1		658.8		523.7

Net Income	$	1,604.0	$	1,358.8	$	1,171.3


Net Income Per Share
Basic	$	4.52	$	3.83	$	3.31

Diluted	$	4.51	$	3.82	$	3.30


Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
Basic		354.6		355.0		354.2

Diluted		355.6		356.1		355.2

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME


Year Ended December 31,	2015			2014			2013
	(millions)
Net income	$	1,604.0		$	1,358.8		$	1,171.3
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative contracts
Gains arising during the period		38.7			26.1			53.2
Tax effect		(10.8	)		(6.1	)		(16.3	)
Reclassification adjustment		(29.3	)		(23.5	)		(35.6	)
Tax effect		8.5			5.1			10.8

		7.1			1.6			12.1
Unrealized (losses) gains on marketable debt securities
Net holding (loss) gain		(2.3	)		5.5			(8.3	)
Tax effect		.6			(1.3	)		2.2
Reclassification adjustment		(2.1	)		(.9	)		1.7
Tax effect		.6			.3			(.5	)

		(3.2	)		3.6			(4.9	)
Pension plans
Gains (losses) arising during the period		17.7			(291.1	)		324.9
Tax effect		(2.6	)		105.3			(120.1	)
Reclassification adjustment		42.4			22.0			45.3
Tax effect		(14.8	)		(7.1	)		(15.8	)

		42.7			(170.9	)		234.3
Foreign currency translation losses		(483.8	)		(422.8	)		(73.3	)

Net other comprehensive (loss) income		(437.2	)		(588.5	)		168.2

Comprehensive Income	$	1,166.8		$	770.3		$	1,339.5

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


December 31,	2015		2014
	(millions)
ASSETS
TRUCK, PARTS AND OTHER:
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,929.9	$	1,665.1
Trade and other receivables, net		879.0		1,047.1
Marketable debt securities		1,448.1		1,272.0
Inventories, net		796.5		925.7
Other current assets		245.7		290.5

Total Truck, Parts and Other Current Assets		5,299.2		5,200.4

Equipment on operating leases, net		992.2		934.5
Property, plant and equipment, net		2,176.4		2,313.3
Other noncurrent assets, net		387.4		253.3

Total Truck, Parts and Other Assets		8,855.2		8,701.5


FINANCIAL SERVICES:
Cash and cash equivalents		86.5		72.5
Finance and other receivables, net		9,303.6		9,042.6
Equipment on operating leases, net		2,380.8		2,306.0
Other assets		483.7		496.2

Total Financial Services Assets		12,254.6		11,917.3

	$	21,109.8	$	20,618.8

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


December 31,	2015			2014
	(millions)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
TRUCK, PARTS AND OTHER:
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other	$	2,071.7		$	2,297.2
Dividend payable		492.6			354.4

Total Truck, Parts and Other Current Liabilities		2,564.3			2,651.6
Residual value guarantees and deferred revenues		1,047.4			970.9
Other liabilities		720.2			718.8

Total Truck, Parts and Other Liabilities		4,331.9			4,341.3


FINANCIAL SERVICES:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other		356.9			384.5
Commercial paper and bank loans		2,796.5			2,641.9
Term notes		5,795.0			5,588.7
Deferred taxes and other liabilities		889.1			909.2

Total Financial Services Liabilities		9,837.5			9,524.3


STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, no par value - authorized 1.0 million shares, none issued
Common stock, $1 par value - authorized 1.2 billion shares; issued 351.3 million and 355.2 million shares		351.3			355.2
Additional paid-in capital		69.3			156.7
Treasury stock, at cost - nil and .7 million shares					(42.7	)
Retained earnings		7,536.8			6,863.8
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,017.0	)		(579.8	)

Total Stockholders’ Equity		6,940.4			6,753.2

	$	21,109.8		$	20,618.8

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


Year Ended December 31,	2015			2014			2013
	(millions)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Income	$	1,604.0		$	1,358.8		$	1,171.3
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization:
Property, plant and equipment		292.2			285.2			210.7
Equipment on operating leases and other		614.9			632.5			600.0
Provision for losses on financial services receivables		12.4			15.4			12.9
Deferred taxes		(55.2	)		(98.0	)		97.3
Other, net		46.6			40.4			36.6
Pension contributions		(62.9	)		(81.1	)		(26.2	)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in assets other than cash and cash equivalents:
Receivables:
Trade and other receivables		105.3			(71.3	)		(115.0	)
Wholesale receivables on new trucks		(273.4	)		(232.8	)		(82.5	)
Sales-type finance leases and dealer direct loans on new trucks		(6.6	)		(133.1	)		(101.9	)
Inventories		64.3			(189.5	)		(39.6	)
Other assets, net		(125.1	)		(72.0	)		(86.9	)
(Decrease) increase in liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(162.6	)		252.3			240.8
Residual value guarantees and deferred revenues		242.0			123.1			261.8
Other liabilities, net		260.1			293.7			196.4

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		2,556.0			2,123.6			2,375.7

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Originations of retail loans and direct financing leases		(3,064.5	)		(3,114.2	)		(2,992.8	)
Collections on retail loans and direct financing leases		2,681.9			2,847.6			2,469.2
Net (increase) decrease in wholesale receivables on used equipment		(24.7	)		1.1			6.5
Purchases of marketable debt securities		(1,329.8	)		(1,122.5	)		(990.1	)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable debt securities		1,035.5			997.9			888.9
Payments for property, plant and equipment		(286.7	)		(298.2	)		(510.6	)
Acquisitions of equipment for operating leases		(1,438.5	)		(1,239.1	)		(1,362.2	)
Proceeds from asset disposals		448.8			395.5			340.1
Other, net		3.1

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities		(1,974.9	)		(1,531.9	)		(2,151.0	)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Payments of cash dividends		(680.5	)		(623.8	)		(283.1	)
Purchases of treasury stock		(201.6	)		(42.7	)
Proceeds from stock compensation transactions		21.8			29.1			31.0
Net increase (decrease) in commercial paper and short-term bank loans		250.7			349.1			(1,039.3	)
Proceeds from term debt		1,993.2			1,650.8			2,134.1
Payments on term debt		(1,580.1	)		(1,883.0	)		(568.9	)

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities		(196.5	)		(520.5	)		273.8
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(105.8	)		(83.7	)		(20.8	)

Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents		278.8			(12.5	)		477.7
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		1,737.6			1,750.1			1,272.4

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	2,016.4		$	1,737.6		$	1,750.1

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY


December 31,	2015			2014			2013
	(millions, except per share data)
COMMON STOCK, $1 PAR VALUE:
Balance at beginning of year	$	355.2		$	354.3		$	353.4
Treasury stock retirement		(4.6	)
Stock compensation		.7			.9			.9

Balance at end of year		351.3			355.2			354.3


ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL:
Balance at beginning of year		156.7			106.2			56.6
Treasury stock retirement		(128.5	)
Stock compensation and tax benefit		41.1			50.5			49.6

Balance at end of year		69.3			156.7			106.2


TREASURY STOCK, AT COST:
Balance at beginning of year		(42.7	)
Purchases, shares: 2015 - 3.85; 2014 - .73; 2013 - nil		(201.6	)		(42.7	)
Retirements		244.3

Balance at end of year					(42.7	)


RETAINED EARNINGS:
Balance at beginning of year		6,863.8			6,165.1			5,596.4
Net income		1,604.0			1,358.8			1,171.3
Cash dividends declared on common stock, per share: 2015 - $2.32; 2014 - $1.86; 2013 - $1.70		(819.8	)		(660.1	)		(602.6	)
Treasury stock retirement		(111.2	)

Balance at end of year		7,536.8			6,863.8			6,165.1


ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME:
Balance at beginning of year		(579.8	)		8.7			(159.5	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(437.2	)		(588.5	)		168.2

Balance at end of year		(1,017.0	)		(579.8	)		8.7

Total Stockholders’ Equity	$	6,940.4		$	6,753.2		$	6,634.3

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (currencies in millions)

A.	SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Operations: PACCAR Inc (the Company or PACCAR) is a multinational company operating in three principal segments: (1) the Truck segment includes the design and manufacture of high-quality, light-, medium- and heavy-duty commercial trucks; (2) the Parts segment includes the distribution of aftermarket parts for trucks and related commercial vehicles; and (3) the Financial Services segment (PFS) includes finance and leasing products and services provided to customers and dealers. PACCAR’s finance and leasing activities are principally related to PACCAR products and associated equipment. PACCAR’s sales and revenues are derived primarily from North America and Europe. The Company also operates in Australia and Brasil and sells trucks and parts to customers in Asia, Africa, Middle East and South America.

Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition:

Truck, Parts and Other: Substantially all sales and revenues of trucks and related aftermarket parts are recorded by the Company when products are shipped to dealers or customers, except for certain truck shipments that are subject to a residual value guarantee to the customer. Revenues related to these shipments are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the guarantee period (see Note E). At the time certain truck and parts sales to a dealer are recognized, the Company records an estimate of any future sales incentive costs related to such sales. The estimate is based on historical data and announced incentive programs. In the Truck and Parts segments, the Company grants extended payment terms on selected receivables. Interest is charged for the period beyond standard payment terms. Interest income is recorded as earned.

Financial Services: Interest income from finance and other receivables is recognized using the interest method. Certain loan origination costs are deferred and amortized to interest income over the expected life of the contracts, generally 36 to 60 months, using the straight-line method which approximates the interest method. For operating leases, rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Rental revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $668.6, $681.5 and $631.7, respectively. Depreciation and related leased unit operating expenses were $536.2, $544.0 and $503.5 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Recognition of interest income and rental revenue is suspended (put on non-accrual status) when the receivable becomes more than 90 days past the contractual due date or earlier if some other event causes the Company to determine that collection is not probable. Accordingly, no finance receivables more than 90 days past due were accruing interest at December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. Recognition is resumed if the receivable becomes current by the payment of all amounts due under the terms of the existing contract and collection of remaining amounts is considered probable (if not contractually modified) or if the customer makes scheduled payments for three months and collection of remaining amounts is considered probable (if contractually modified). Payments received while the finance receivable is on non-accrual status are applied to interest and principal in accordance with the contractual terms.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Cash equivalents consist of liquid investments with a maturity at date of purchase of 90 days or less.

Marketable Debt Securities: The Company’s investments in marketable debt securities are classified as available-for-sale. These investments are stated at fair value with any unrealized gains or losses, net of tax, included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI).

The Company utilizes third-party pricing services for all of its marketable debt security valuations. The Company reviews the pricing methodology used by the third-party pricing services, including the manner employed to collect market information. On a quarterly basis, the Company also performs review and validation procedures on the pricing information received from the third-party providers. These procedures help ensure that the fair value information used by the Company is determined in accordance with applicable accounting guidance.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (currencies in millions)

The Company evaluates its investment in marketable debt securities at the end of each reporting period to determine if a decline in fair value is other than temporary. Realized losses are recognized upon management’s determination that a decline in fair value is other than temporary. The determination of other-than-temporary impairment is a subjective process, requiring the use of judgments and assumptions regarding the amount and timing of recovery. The Company reviews and evaluates its investments at least quarterly to identify investments that have indications of other-than-temporary impairments. It is reasonably possible that a change in estimate could occur in the near term relating to other-than-temporary impairment. Accordingly, the Company considers several factors when evaluating debt securities for other-than-temporary impairment, including whether the decline in fair value of the security is due to increased default risk for the specific issuer or market interest-rate risk.

In assessing default risk, the Company considers the collectability of principal and interest payments by monitoring changes to issuers’ credit ratings, specific credit events associated with individual issuers as well as the credit ratings of any financial guarantor, and the extent and duration to which amortized cost exceeds fair value.

In assessing market interest-rate risk, including benchmark interest rates and credit spreads, the Company considers its intent for selling the securities and whether it is more likely than not the Company will be able to hold these securities until the recovery of any unrealized losses.

Receivables:

Trade and Other Receivables: The Company’s trade and other receivables are recorded at cost, net of allowances. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, trade and other receivables include trade receivables from dealers and customers of $739.2 and $882.2 and other receivables of $139.8 and $165.0 relating primarily to value added tax receivables and supplier allowances and rebates.

Finance and Other Receivables:

Loans – Loans represent fixed or floating-rate loans to customers collateralized by the vehicles purchased and are recorded at amortized cost.

Finance leases – Finance leases are retail direct financing leases and sales-type finance leases, which lease equipment to retail customers and dealers. These leases are reported as the sum of minimum lease payments receivable and estimated residual value of the property subject to the contracts, reduced by unearned interest which is shown separately.

Dealer wholesale financing – Dealer wholesale financing is floating-rate wholesale loans to PACCAR dealers for new and used trucks and are recorded at amortized cost. The loans are collateralized by the trucks being financed.

Operating lease receivables and other – Operating lease receivables and other include monthly rentals due on operating leases, unamortized loan and lease origination costs, interest on loans and other amounts due within one year in the normal course of business.

Allowance for Credit Losses:

Truck, Parts and Other: The Company historically has not experienced significant losses or past due amounts on trade and other receivables in its Truck, Parts and Other businesses. Accounts are considered past due once the unpaid balance is over 30 days outstanding based on contractual payment terms. Accounts are charged-off against the allowance for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible. The allowance for credit losses for Truck, Parts and Other was $1.3 and $1.9 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Net charge-offs were $.3, $.2 and $.2 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Financial Services: The Company continuously monitors the payment performance of its finance receivables. For large retail finance customers and dealers with wholesale financing, the Company regularly reviews their financial statements and makes site visits and phone contact as appropriate. If the Company becomes aware of circumstances that could cause those customers or dealers to face financial difficulty, whether or not they are past due, the customers are placed on a watch list.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (currencies in millions)

The Company modifies loans and finance leases in the normal course of its Financial Services operations. The Company may modify loans and finance leases for commercial reasons or for credit reasons. Modifications for commercial reasons are changes to contract terms for customers that are not considered to be in financial difficulty. Insignificant delays are modifications extending terms up to three months for customers experiencing some short-term financial stress, but not considered to be in financial difficulty. Modifications for credit reasons are changes to contract terms for customers considered to be in financial difficulty. The Company’s modifications typically result in granting more time to pay the contractual amounts owed and charging a fee and interest for the term of the modification.

When considering whether to modify customer accounts for credit reasons, the Company evaluates the creditworthiness of the customers and modifies those accounts that the Company considers likely to perform under the modified terms. When the Company modifies loans and finance leases for credit reasons and grants a concession, the modifications are classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDR). The Company does not typically grant credit modifications for customers that do not meet minimum underwriting standards since the Company normally repossesses the financed equipment in these circumstances. When such modifications do occur, they are considered TDRs.

On average, modifications extended contractual terms by approximately seven months in 2015 and five months in 2014 and did not have a significant effect on the weighted average term or interest rate of the total portfolio at December 31, 2015 and 2014.

The Company has developed a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses for its two portfolio segments, retail and wholesale. The retail segment consists of retail loans and direct and sales-type finance leases, net of unearned interest. The wholesale segment consists of truck inventory financing loans to dealers that are collateralized by trucks and other collateral. The wholesale segment generally has less risk than the retail segment. Wholesale receivables generally are shorter in duration than retail receivables, and the Company requires periodic reporting of the wholesale dealer’s financial condition, conducts periodic audits of the trucks being financed and in many cases, obtains guarantees or other security such as dealership assets. In determining the allowance for credit losses, retail loans and finance leases are evaluated together since they relate to a similar customer base, their contractual terms require regular payment of principal and interest, generally over 36 to 60 months, and they are secured by the same type of collateral. The allowance for credit losses consists of both specific and general reserves.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (currencies in millions)

In determining the fair value of the collateral, the Company uses a pricing matrix and categorizes the fair value as Level 2 in the hierarchy of fair value measurement. The pricing matrix is reviewed quarterly and updated as appropriate. The pricing matrix considers the make, model and year of the equipment as well as recent sales prices of comparable equipment through wholesale channels to the Company’s dealers (principal market). The fair value of the collateral also considers the overall condition of the equipment.

Accounts are charged-off against the allowance for credit losses when, in the judgment of management, they are considered uncollectible, which generally occurs upon repossession of the collateral. Typically the timing between the repossession and charge-off is not significant. In cases where repossession is delayed (e.g., for legal proceedings), the Company records a partial charge-off. The charge-off is determined by comparing the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, to the recorded investment.

Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost of inventories in the U.S. is determined principally by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. Cost of all other inventories is determined principally by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Cost of sales and revenues include shipping and handling costs incurred to deliver products to dealers and customers.

Equipment on Operating Leases: The Company’s Financial Services segment leases equipment under operating leases to its customers. In addition, in the Truck segment, equipment sold to customers in Europe subject to a residual value guarantee (RVG) by the Company is generally accounted for as an operating lease. Equipment is recorded at cost and is depreciated on the straight-line basis to the lower of the estimated residual value or guarantee value. Lease and guarantee periods generally range from three to five years. Estimated useful lives of the equipment range from four to nine years. The Company reviews residual values of equipment on operating leases periodically to determine that recorded amounts are appropriate.

Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the various classes of assets. Certain production tooling is amortized on a unit of production basis.

Long-lived Assets and Goodwill: The Company evaluates the carrying value of property, plant and equipment when events and circumstances warrant a review. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least on an annual basis. There were no impairment charges for the three years ended December 31, 2015. Goodwill was $105.6 and $128.6 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease in value was mostly due to currency translation.

Product Support Liabilities: Product support liabilities are estimated future payments related to product warranties, optional extended warranties and repair and maintenance (R&M) contracts. The Company generally offers one year warranties covering most of its vehicles and related aftermarket parts. For vehicles equipped with engines manufactured by PACCAR, the Company generally offers two year warranties on the engine. Specific terms and conditions vary depending on the product and the country of sale. Optional extended warranty and R&M contracts can be purchased for periods which generally range up to five years. Warranty expenses and reserves are estimated and recorded at the time products or contracts are sold based on historical data regarding the source, frequency and cost of claims, net of any recoveries. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded liabilities and adjusts them as appropriate to reflect actual experience. Revenue from extended warranty and R&M contracts is deferred and recognized to income generally on a straight-line basis over the contract period. Warranty and R&M costs on these contracts are recognized as incurred.

Derivative Financial Instruments: As part of its risk management strategy, the Company enters into derivative contracts to hedge against interest rates and foreign currency risk. Certain derivative instruments designated as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges are subject to hedge accounting. Derivative instruments that are not subject to hedge accounting are held as economic hedges. The Company’s policies prohibit the use of derivatives for speculation or trading. At the inception of each hedge relationship, the Company documents its risk management objectives, procedures and accounting treatment. All of the Company’s interest-rate and certain foreign-exchange contracts are transacted under International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master agreements. Each agreement permits the net settlement of amounts owed in the event of default and certain other termination events. For derivative financial instruments, the Company has elected not to offset derivative positions in the balance sheet with the same counterparty under the same agreements and is not required to post or receive collateral. Exposure limits and minimum credit ratings are used to minimize the risks of counterparty default. The Company’s maximum exposure to potential default of its swap counterparties is limited to the asset position of its swap portfolio. The asset position of the Company’s swap portfolio is $132.2 at December 31, 2015.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (currencies in millions)

The Company uses regression analysis to assess effectiveness of interest-rate contracts on a quarterly basis. For foreign-exchange contracts, the Company performs quarterly assessments to ensure that critical terms continue to match. All components of the derivative instrument’s gain or loss are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. Gains or losses on the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges are recognized currently in earnings. Hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively when the Company determines that a derivative financial instrument has ceased to be a highly effective hedge.

Foreign Currency Translation: For most of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, the local currency is the functional currency. All assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates and all income statement amounts are translated at the weighted average rates for the period. Translation adjustments are recorded in AOCI. The Company uses the U.S. dollar as the functional currency for all but one of its Mexican subsidiaries, which uses the local currency. For the U.S. functional currency entities in Mexico, inventories, cost of sales, property, plant and equipment and depreciation are remeasured at historical rates and resulting adjustments are included in net income.

Earnings per Share: Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the effect of any participating securities. Diluted earnings per common share are computed assuming that all potentially dilutive securities are converted into common shares under the treasury stock method.

New Accounting Pronouncements: In January 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-1, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendment in this ASU addresses the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This ASU simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. The amendment may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to all periods presented. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2015-17 prospectively as of December 31, 2015, accordingly, prior period deferred income tax assets and liabilities were not adjusted.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASU amends the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition. Under the new revenue recognition model, a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date of this ASU by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted, but no sooner than the original effective date of annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The amendment may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the transition alternatives and impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (currencies in millions)

The FASB also issued the following standards, none of which are expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.


STANDARD	DESCRIPTION	EFFECTIVE DATE*
2015-11	Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.	January 1, 2017

2015-07	Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or Its Equivalent).	January 1, 2016

2015-05	Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement.	January 1, 2016

2015-03	Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.	January 1, 2016

2015-15	Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measure of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements.	January 1, 2016

2014-12	Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved After the Requisite Service Period.	January 1, 2016

*	The Company expects to adopt on the effective date.

B.	INVESTMENTS IN MARKETABLE DEBT SECURITIES

Marketable debt securities consisted of the following at December 31:


2015	AMORTIZED COST		UNREALIZED GAINS		UNREALIZED LOSSES		FAIR VALUE
U.S. tax-exempt securities	$	505.0	$	.7	$	.3	$	505.4
U.S. corporate securities		76.7		.1		.1		76.7
U.S. government and agency securities		15.7		.1		.1		15.7
Non-U.S. corporate securities		585.6		1.8		.4		587.0
Non-U.S. government securities		192.7		1.1		.1		193.7
Other debt securities		69.6		.1		.1		69.6

	$	1,445.3	$	3.9	$	1.1	$	1,448.1


2014	AMORTIZED COST		UNREALIZED GAINS		UNREALIZED LOSSES		FAIR VALUE
U.S. tax-exempt securities	$	362.9	$	.8	$	.3	$	363.4
U.S. corporate securities		80.9		.6				81.5
U.S. government and agency securities		8.0						8.0
Non-U.S. corporate securities		528.1		3.9				532.0
Non-U.S. government securities		192.1		2.0				194.1
Other debt securities		92.8		.3		.1		93.0

	$	1,264.8	$	7.6	$