Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT Reports Fourth Quarter 2023 Results

Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT (NYSE: EARN) ("we", "us," or "our") today reported financial results for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.

Highlights

• Net income (loss) of $12.4 million, or $0.75 per share.
• Adjusted Distributable Earnings¹ of $4.6 million, or $0.27 per share.
• Book value of $7.32 per share as of December 31, 2023, which includes the effects of dividends of $0.24 per share for the quarter.
• Net interest margin² of 2.02% on Agency, 6.28% on credit, and 2.19% overall.
• Weighted average constant prepayment rate ("CPR") for the fixed-rate Agency specified pool portfolio of 6.8³.
• Net mortgage assets-to-equity ratio of 6.5:1⁴ as of December 31, 2023.
• CLO portfolio grew to $17.4 million as of December 31, 2023.
• Capital allocation⁵ as of December 31, 2023: 89% mortgage-related securities, 11% corporate CLOs.
• Dividend yield of 16.0% based on the March 5, 2024 closing stock price of $5.99, and monthly dividend of $0.08 per common share declared on February 7, 2024.
• Debt-to-equity ratio of 5.4:1 as of December 31, 2023; adjusted for unsettled purchases and sales, the debt-to-equity ratio as of December 31, 2023 was 5.3:1.
• Cash and cash equivalents of $38.5 million as of December 31, 2023, in addition to other unencumbered assets of $22.9 million.

Fourth Quarter 2023 Results

"During the fourth quarter, Ellington Residential generated net income of $0.75 per share and a non-annualized economic return of 7.7%, while Adjusted Distributable Earnings grew to $0.27 per share and more than covered our dividend," said Laurence Penn, Chief Executive Officer and President. "During the market selloff in October, we avoided forced asset sales and preserved our earnings power, which enabled us to fully participate in the subsequent market recovery.

"After a tumultuous start to the fourth quarter, which saw U.S. Treasury yields rise to 15-year highs and yield spreads widen sharply, markets subsequently rallied through year end in anticipation of the conclusion of the Federal Reserve’s hiking cycle. Overall for the quarter, Agency RMBS—especially lower and intermediate coupons where EARN's portfolio was concentrated—generally outperformed interest rate swaps and U.S. Treasury securities, which are our primary hedging instruments.

"In the corporate CLO market, after experiencing similar widening in October, credit spreads tightened through year end with an economic 'soft landing' narrative permeating the market. EARN's growing CLO portfolio also generated strong returns during the quarter. Our CLO portfolio grew by $13.6 million during the fourth quarter, as we continued to rotate more of our investment capital from RMBS to CLOs. This portfolio rotation has also contributed to our lower overall leverage ratios given that we employ much less leverage on our CLO investments. Including investment activity following quarter end, our CLO portfolio now stands at approximately $30 million.

"In a year of elevated interest rate and yield spread volatility that saw the FDIC seize and then sell $60+ billion of Agency MBS, Agency RMBS ended 2023 on a high note and actually outperformed U.S. Treasuries and interest rate swaps on a duration-adjusted basis for the year. Now, with markets expecting eventual interest rate cuts from here but yield spreads still wide on an historical basis, Agency RMBS is attracting incremental demand from investors, albeit tempered by uncertainty around the timing of future cuts. For CLOs, despite their strong finish to 2023, some subsectors have actually lagged the broader corporate bond rally and so should have further room to appreciate. We also expect performance dispersion in the CLO market to persist in 2024, which should continue to create investment opportunities for EARN."

Financial Results

The following table summarizes our portfolio of long investments⁽¹⁾ as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023:

The size of our Agency RMBS holdings decreased by 8% to $728.0 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $790.5 million as of September 30, 2023, as net sales and paydowns exceeded net gains. Similarly, our aggregate holdings of interest-only securities and non-Agency RMBS decreased by 13% during the quarter. Over the same period, we continued to rotate investment capital to CLOs, increasing our CLO holdings more than fourfold to $17.4 million as of December 31, 2023, compared to $3.8 million as of September 30, 2023. Our Agency RMBS portfolio turnover was 25% for the quarter.

Our debt-to-equity ratio, adjusted for unsettled purchases and sales, decreased to 5.3:1 as of December 31, 2023, as compared to 7.3:1 as of September 30, 2023. The decline was primarily due to a decrease in borrowings on our smaller Agency RMBS portfolio and significantly higher shareholders' equity, partially offset by a small increase in borrowings on our CLO portfolio. Similarly, our net mortgage assets-to-equity ratio decreased to 6.5:1 from 7.2:1 over the same time period, despite having a net long TBA position as of December 31, 2023 as compared to a net short TBA position as of September 30, 2023.

In October, interest rates and volatility increased, which drove yield spreads wider in most fixed income sectors, including Agency RMBS. Markets then reversed course, however, with interest rates and volatility declining, and yield spreads tightening, through year end. Overall for the fourth quarter, Agency RMBS outperformed U.S. Treasury securities and interest rate swaps, with lower and intermediate coupon RMBS exhibiting the most pronounced outperformance. As a result, net gains on our Agency RMBS (which were concentrated in those coupons) and positive net interest income significantly exceeded net losses on our hedges, driving strong performance from our Agency RMBS portfolio for the quarter.

Average pay-ups on our specified pool portfolio decreased slightly to 1.01% as of December 31, 2023, as compared to 1.02% as of September 30, 2023. During the quarter, we continued to hedge interest rate risk, primarily through the use of interest rate swaps. We ended the quarter with a net long TBA position on a notional basis, but a net short TBA position as measured by 10-year equivalents. We may also selectively hedge our corporate CLO and/or non-Agency RMBS investments; as of December 31, 2023, we had a small credit hedge position in place.

Our larger corporate CLO portfolio also contributed positively to our quarterly results, driven by net interest income and net gains to our quarterly results. Similar to Agency RMBS, yield spreads on most CLOs widened in October before tightening in November and December, and finished the quarter tighter overall.

Additionally, our non-Agency RMBS portfolio and interest-only securities also generated positive results for the quarter, driven by net interest income and net gains, as yield spreads followed a similar pattern during the quarter.

We intend to continue increasing our allocation to corporate CLOs and/or non-Agency RMBS based on market opportunities.

The net interest margin on our Agency portfolio increased quarter over quarter, driven by higher asset yields and a lower cost of funds, as we continued to benefit from positive carry on our interest rate swaps where we receive a higher floating rate and pay a lower fixed rate. The net interest margin on our credit portfolio also increased, with our larger CLO holdings boosting our asset yields. The net interest margin (excluding the Catch-up Amortization Adjustment) on our Agency and credit portfolios increased to 2.02% and 6.28% in the fourth quarter, respectively, as compared to 1.26% and 4.55% in the prior quarter. Expanding net interest margins also drove a sequential increase in our Adjusted Distributable Earnings.

About Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT

Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT is a real estate investment trust that specializes in acquiring, investing in, and managing residential mortgage-related, real estate-related, and other assets including corporate CLOs, with a primary focus on residential mortgage-backed securities for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. government Agency or a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise. Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT is externally managed and advised by Ellington Residential Mortgage Management LLC, an affiliate of Ellington Management Group, L.L.C.

Conference Call

We will host a conference call at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Thursday, March 7, 2024, to discuss its financial results for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. To participate in the event by telephone, please dial (800) 579-2543 at least 10 minutes prior to the start time and reference the conference ID: EARNQ423. International callers should dial (785) 424-1789 and reference the same conference ID. The conference call will also be webcast live over the Internet and can be accessed via the "For Our Shareholders" section of our web site at www.earnreit.com. To listen to the live webcast, please visit www.earnreit.com at least 15 minutes prior to the start of the call to register, download, and install necessary audio software. In connection with the release of these financial results, we also posted an investor presentation, that will accompany the conference call, on our website at www.earnreit.com under "For Investors—Presentations."

A dial-in replay of the conference call will be available on Thursday, March 7, 2024, at approximately 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time through Thursday, March 14, 2024 at approximately 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time. To access this replay, please dial (800) 934-3033. International callers should dial (402) 220-1144. A replay of the conference call will also be archived on our web site at www.earnreit.com.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future operations, business strategies, performance, financial condition, liquidity and prospects, taking into account information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions, and expectations are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and strategies may vary materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements or from our beliefs, expectations, estimates and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "project," "plan," "continue," "intend," "should," "would," "could," "goal," "objective," "will," "may," "seek," or similar expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, or intentions. Examples of forward-looking statements in this press release include, without limitation, our beliefs regarding the current economic and investment environment, our ability to implement its investment and hedging strategies, our future prospects and the protection of our net interest margin from prepayments, volatility and its impact on us, the performance of our investment and hedging strategies, our exposure to prepayment risk in our Agency portfolio, and statements regarding the drivers of our returns. The following factors are examples of those that could cause actual results to vary from those stated or implied by our forward-looking statements: changes in interest rates and the market value of our investments, market volatility, changes in mortgage default rates and prepayment rates, our ability to borrow to finance its assets, changes in government regulations affecting our business, our ability to maintain its exclusion from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, our ability to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust, or "REIT," and other changes in market conditions and economic trends, such as changes to fiscal or monetary policy, heightened inflation, slower growth or recession, and currency fluctuations. Furthermore, as stated above, forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which can be accessed through the link to our SEC filings under "For Our Shareholders" on our website (at www.earnreit.com) or at the SEC's website (www.sec.gov). Other risks, uncertainties, and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied may be described from time to time in reports we file with the SEC, including reports on Forms 10-Q, 10-K and 8-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Reconciliation of Adjusted Distributable Earnings to Net Income (Loss)

We calculate Adjusted Distributable Earnings as net income (loss), excluding realized and change in net unrealized gains and (losses) on securities and financial derivatives, and excluding other income or loss items that are of a non-recurring nature, if any. Adjusted Distributable Earnings includes net realized and change in net unrealized gains (losses) associated with periodic settlements on interest rate swaps. Adjusted Distributable Earnings also excludes the effect of the Catch-up Amortization Adjustment on interest income. The Catch-up Amortization Adjustment is a quarterly adjustment to premium amortization or discount accretion triggered by changes in actual and projected prepayments on our Agency RMBS (accompanied by a corresponding offsetting adjustment to realized and unrealized gains and losses). The adjustment is calculated as of the beginning of each quarter based on our then-current assumptions about cashflows and prepayments, and can vary significantly from quarter to quarter.

Adjusted Distributable Earnings is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure. We believe that the presentation of Adjusted Distributable Earnings provides information useful to investors, because: (i) we believe that it is a useful indicator of both current and projected long-term financial performance, in that it excludes the impact of certain current-period earnings components that we believe are less useful in forecasting long-term performance and dividend-paying ability; (ii) we use it to evaluate the effective net yield provided by our portfolio, after the effects of financial leverage; and (iii), we believe that presenting Adjusted Distributable Earnings assists investors in measuring and evaluating our operating performance, and comparing our operating performance to that of our residential mortgage REIT peers. Our calculation of Adjusted Distributable Earnings may differ from the calculation of similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures by our peers, with the result that these non-GAAP financial measures might not be directly comparable; adjusted Distributable Earnings excludes certain items, such as most realized and unrealized gains and losses, that may impact the amount of cash that is actually available for distribution.

In addition, because Adjusted Distributable Earnings is an incomplete measure of our financial results and differs from net income (loss) computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP, it should be considered supplementary to, and not as a substitute for, net income (loss) computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Furthermore, Adjusted Distributable Earnings is different than REIT taxable income. As a result, the determination of whether we have met the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (subject to certain adjustments) to our shareholders, in order to maintain qualification as a REIT, is not based on whether we have distributed 90% of our Adjusted Distributable Earnings.

In setting our dividends, our Board of Trustees considers our earnings, liquidity, financial condition, REIT distribution requirements, and financial covenants, along with other factors that the Board of Trustees may deem relevant from time to time.

The following table reconciles, for the three-month periods ended December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, our Adjusted Distributable Earnings to the line on our Consolidated Statement of Operations entitled Net Income (Loss), which we believe is the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure:

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