Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

Commission file number: 000-52170

INNERWORKINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   20-5997364
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

600 West Chicago Avenue, Suite 850

Chicago, Illinois 60654

Phone: (312) 642-3700

(Address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code) of principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.0001 par value   Nasdaq Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer  ¨    Accelerated filer  x    Non-accelerated filer  ¨   Smaller reporting company  ¨
      (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  

The aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2008, the last business day of the registrant’s most recent completed second quarter was $445,235,662 (based on the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock on that date as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market).

As of March 3, 2009, the registrant had 45,344,448 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The registrant intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008. Portions of such proxy statement are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I      

Item 1.

  

Business

   1

Item 1A.

  

Risk Factors

   10

Item 1B.

  

Unresolved Staff Comments

   18

Item 2.

  

Properties

   18

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

   19

Item 4.

  

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   19
PART II      

Item 5.

  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   20

Item 6.

  

Selected Financial Data

   22

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   24

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   35

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   36

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   69

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

   69

Item 9B.

  

Other Information

   69
PART III      

Item 10.

  

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

   70

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

   70

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   70

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence

   70

Item 14.

  

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   70
PART IV      

Item 15.

  

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

   71

Signatures

   72


Table of Contents

PART I

 

Item 1. Business

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “InnerWorkings, Inc.,” “InnerWorkings,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are to InnerWorkings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its subsidiaries.

Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors which could materially affect such forward-looking statements can be found in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part 1, Item 1A and Part I, Item 7 entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Investors are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements made herein are only made as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation to publicly update such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

Our Company

We are a leading provider of managed print and promotional procurement solutions to corporate clients across a wide range of industries. We combine the talent of our employees with our proprietary technology, extensive supplier base and domain expertise to procure, manage and deliver printed products as part of a comprehensive outsourced enterprise solution. Our technology is designed to capitalize on excess manufacturing capacity and other inefficiencies in the traditional print supply chain to obtain favorable pricing and to deliver high-quality products and services for our clients.

Our proprietary software applications and database, PPM4™, create a fully-integrated solution that stores, analyzes and tracks the production capabilities of our supplier network, as well as quote and price data for print jobs. As a result, we believe PPM4™ contains one of the largest independent repositories of equipment profiles and price data for print suppliers in the United States. We leverage our technology to match our print jobs with suppliers that are optimally suited to meet the client’s needs at a highly competitive price.

Through our supplier base of over 7,000 suppliers, we offer a full range of print, fulfillment and logistics services that allow us to procure printed products on virtually any substrate. The breadth of our product offerings and services and the depth of our supplier network enable us to fulfill all of the print procurement needs of our clients. By leveraging our technology platform, our clients are able to reduce overhead costs, redeploy internal resources and obtain favorable pricing and service terms. In addition, our ability to track individual transactions and provide customized reports detailing print procurement activity on an enterprise-wide-basis provides our clients with greater visibility and control of their print expenditures.

We generate revenue by procuring and purchasing printed products from our suppliers and selling those products to our clients. We procure printed products for clients across a wide range of industries, such as advertising, consumer products, publishing and retail. Our clients fall into two categories, enterprise and transactional. We enter into arrangements with our enterprise clients to provide some, or substantially all, of their printed products, typically on a recurring basis. We provide printed products to our transactional clients on an order-by-order basis. For the year ended December 31, 2008, enterprise and transactional clients accounted for 64% and 36% of our revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2007, enterprise and transactional clients accounted for 62% and 38% of our revenue, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2006, enterprise and transactional clients accounted for 70% and 30% of our revenue, respectively.

 

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We were formed in 2001, commenced operations in 2002 and converted from a limited liability company to a Delaware corporation in January 2006. Our corporate headquarters are located in Chicago, Illinois. From our inception through December 31, 2008, we served over 8,100 clients, through 6,000 suppliers. We have increased our revenue from $5.0 million in 2002 to $419.0 million in 2008, representing a compound annual growth rate of 109.2%. In 2008, our revenue was $419.0 million, compared to $288.4 million in 2007.

Initial Public Offering

In August 2006, we completed an initial public offering of shares of our common stock. We offered and sold 7,060,000 shares of our common stock and certain selling stockholders offered and sold an additional 5,118,500 shares at a price of $9.00 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the 5,118,500 shares sold by certain selling stockholders. After deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering related expenses, our net proceeds from the initial public offering were approximately $47.8 million.

Follow-On Public Offering

In January 2007, we completed a follow-on public offering of shares of our common stock. We offered and sold 3,000,000 shares of our common stock and certain selling shareholders offered and sold an additional 5,000,000 shares at a price of $13.50 per share. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the 5,000,000 shares sold by certain selling stockholders. After deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering related expenses, our net proceeds from the follow-on offering were approximately $37.8 million.

Acquisitions

In May 2008, we acquired etrinsic, a leading provider of print management and marketing services based in the United Kingdom. The acquisition price consisted of $6.9 million in cash paid in May 2008 and up to an additional $5.9 million in cash payable contingent upon the achievement of certain performance measures by etrinsic prior to April 30, 2011.

In July 2008, we acquired Marketing-Out-of-the-Box Inc., a provider of print services including the procurement and production management of printed and promotional products, located in Illinois. The acquisition price consisted of $6.9 million in cash paid in June 2008 and up to an additional $5.8 million in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Marketing Out-of-the-Box Inc. by June 30, 2011.

In July 2008, we acquired MediaLink Creative Solutions, a provider of print services including the procurement and production management of printed and promotional products and related warehousing and fulfillment functions, located in Wisconsin. The acquisition price consisted of $7.4 million in cash paid in July 2008 and up to an additional $4.8 million in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by MediaLink Creative Solutions by July 31, 2011.

In August 2008, we acquired Mikam Graphics, a leader in the publishing industry that specializes in the procurement and management of printed and promotional products, located in New York. The acquisition price consisted of $13.0 million in cash paid in August 2008 and up to an additional $14.1 million in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Mikam Graphics by July 31, 2011.

In October 2008, we acquired Origen Partners, a leading print management firm specializing in point of purchase displays, signage and other in-store merchandising materials, located in Georgia. The acquisition price consisted of $7.4 million in cash paid in October 2008 and up to an additional $14.0 million in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Origen Partners by September 30, 2012. As a result of this acquisition, we broadened our geographic resources and added nine sales executives and their corresponding production teams.

 

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Industry Overview

Our business of providing print procurement solutions intersects two large and growing industries, commercial printing and business process outsourcing, or BPO. The North American commercial print markets have estimated revenues of approximately $170.0 billion each year. The print industry includes the following product categories:

 

   

direct mail and other direct marketing materials;

 

   

basic business printing, including business forms, stationery and business cards;

 

   

promotional printing, which includes brochures, direct mail and catalogs;

 

   

publications, including magazines, books and directories;

 

   

bill of material printing, which consists of customized packaging, labels and other shipping materials;

 

   

promotional products, such as t-shirts, calendars and advertisements;

 

   

warehousing, pick and pack distribution and print on demand; and

 

   

multimedia, including CDs and DVDs.

In addition, the U.S. print industry is highly fragmented, with an estimated 39,300 printing plants. In 2007, the ten largest commercial print companies accounted for less than 17% of the total domestic market. The traditional process of procuring, designing and producing a print order requires extensive collaboration by printers, designers, brokers and other middlemen and is often highly inefficient for the customer, who typically pays a mark-up at each intermediate stage of the supply chain. Print procurement is often dispersed across several areas of a business enterprise, including sales, marketing, communications and finance.

To become more competitive, many businesses seek to focus on core competencies and outsource non-core business functions, such as print procurement. The National Association of Procurement Managers ranked print procurement as the third most significant resource procurement outsourcing opportunity for U.S. businesses. According to International Data Corporation, a market intelligence firm, the worldwide market for BPO is estimated to reach $641.2 billion by 2009, representing a compound annual growth rate of 10.9% from 2005 to 2009. Consolidating all print activities across the organization represents an opportunity to reduce total print expenditure and decrease the number of vendors in the print supply chain. Applying software and database technology to manage the print procurement process also provides for enhanced tracking and auditing capabilities.

In recent years, the print industry has been impacted by developments in technology, including enhanced output capacity of printing presses and increased utilization of Internet-based communications and digital printing. These developments have lowered barriers to entry and reduced the utilization of printing presses. As a result, the print industry has historically experienced significant excess manufacturing capacity and the market for printed products has become increasingly commoditized. As developments in technology enable more print companies to provide a broad range of products and services, there are fewer opportunities for print vendors to charge premium prices based on product and service differentiation.

We seek to capitalize on the trends impacting the commercial print industry and the movement towards increased outsourcing of non-core business functions by leveraging our propriety technology, expansive database, extensive supplier network and purchasing power.

Our Solution

Utilizing our proprietary technology and database, we are able to create a competitive bid process to procure, purchase and deliver printed products to our clients. Our supplier base of over 7,000 suppliers offers a wide variety of printed products and a full range of print, fulfillment and logistics services.

 

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Our print procurement software seeks to capitalize on excess manufacturing capacity and other inefficiencies in the traditional print supply chain. We believe that the most competitive price bids we obtain from our suppliers are submitted by the suppliers with the most unused capacity. We utilize our technology and a competitive bid process to:

 

   

greatly increase the number of suppliers that our clients can efficiently access;

 

   

obtain favorable pricing and deliver high quality products and services for our clients; and

 

   

aggregate our purchasing power.

Our proprietary software applications and database, PPM4™, streamline the print procurement process for our clients by eliminating inefficiencies within the traditional print supply chain and expediting production. However, our technology cannot manage all of the variables associated with procuring a print job, which often involves extensive collaboration among numerous parties. Effective management of the procurement process requires that dedicated and experienced personnel work closely with both clients and print suppliers. Our account executives and procurement managers perform that critical function.

Account executives act as the primary sales staff to our clients. Procurement managers manage the entire print procurement process for our clients to ensure timely and accurate delivery of the finished product. For each print job we receive, a procurement manager uses our technology to gather print specifications, solicit bids from the optimal suppliers, establish pricing with the client, manage print production and purchase and coordinate the delivery of the finished product.

Each client is assigned an account executive and procurement manager, who develop contacts with client personnel responsible for authorizing and making print purchases. Our largest clients often are assigned multiple procurement managers. In certain cases, our procurement managers function on-site at the client. In other cases, we designate an employee of the client to function as our procurement manager and reimburse the client for the employee’s compensation costs. Whether on-site or off-site, a procurement manager functions as a virtual employee of the client. As of December 31, 2008, we had 336 procurement managers, including 56 procurement managers working on-site at our clients.

Although our clients fall into two categories, enterprise and transactional, the procurement process for each client category is substantially similar. A typical print job moves through our solution in ten steps.

Step 1—Gather print specifications.    After the account executive or procurement manager identifies a sale opportunity, a procurement manager discusses the details and timeline for the print job with the client. PPM4™ automatically generates a customized data entry screen based on the type of printed product and guides the procurement manager to enter the required job specifications.

Step 2—Select appropriate suppliers.    Based on the historical transaction data and supplier capability information contained in our database, PPM4™ can generate a list of potential suppliers within our extensive network with the most efficient equipment profiles to produce the job. The procurement manager may select suppliers from this list, select suppliers suggested by the client, or select suppliers based on experience. Our technology also enables the procurement manager to disaggregate the job into its component parts and put each part out for competitive bid in order to generate additional savings for the client. After selecting the list of optimal suppliers, the procurement manager electronically transfers the job specifications into an e-mail or e-fax in the form of a request for proposal and sends it to those suppliers.

Step 3—Receive bids from suppliers.    The selected suppliers respond to our request for proposal by submitting bids to us. Upon receipt, the procurement manager enters the bid information into our database and generates a report that details and sorts the bids by cost, quality and logistical considerations.

Step 4—Compare bids to proprietary data.    The procurement manager can use PPM4™ to compare the bids received from the suppliers to similar transactions in our database. If the current bids deviate from the

 

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competitive price range suggested by this data in a manner that is unfavorable to our client, the procurement manager uses our data to negotiate more favorable pricing with the selected suppliers or re-submits the specifications to different suppliers.

Step 5—Submit quote to client.    The procurement manager works with the account executive to prepare a price quote for the print job. The account executive submits the quote to the client, specifying the total cost to the client for the printed product and the timing and delivery terms.

Step 6—Execute quote and print order.    The client accepts the quote by executing it and returning a signed copy to us. The procurement manager uses PPM4™ to automatically convert the quote into a print order. The print order is sent by e-mail or e-fax to the approved supplier or suppliers for execution. We are now contractually obligated to provide the product to our client and the supplier or suppliers are contractually obligated to provide the product to us. The supplier begins the print process.

Step 7—Manage print process.    The completion of the print process is managed by the procurement manager through a checklist of dates, milestones and deliverables that is monitored electronically. PPM4™ generates automatic reminders to ensure the product is properly produced in accordance with the client’s specifications and timeline.

Step 8—Perform final quality control check.    Prior to production of the entire print quantity, the supplier submits a contract proof of the finished product to the client and procurement manager for approval. Upon written approval of the proof by the client, the supplier prints the finished product.

Step 9—Deliver finished product.    When printing is completed, we purchase the finished product from the supplier and coordinate delivery to the destination specified by the client.

Step 10—Generate and reconcile invoices.    Upon shipment of the finished product, the supplier issues an invoice to us for the cost of the job and our technology automatically converts the quote executed by our client into an invoice that we issue to the client. PPM4™ reconciles the supplier’s invoice to the print order to ensure that the supplier adhered to the pricing and other terms set forth in the print order.

The duration of this ten-step process varies based on the type of printed product. For example, this process may take less than 24 hours for limited quantities of a four-page brochure, but last over one month for 1,000,000 copies of a hard cover book.

We regularly request that our clients complete a customer scorecard, which allows them to rate us and our suppliers based on product quality, customer service and overall satisfaction. The data contained in these scorecards is stored in our database and used by our procurement managers during the supplier selection process.

Our Proprietary Technology

PPM4™ is a fully-integrated, proprietary solution that stores equipment profiles for our supplier network and price data for jobs we quote and execute, which allows us to match print jobs with the suppliers in our network that are optimally suited to produce the job at a highly competitive price. Our technology also allows us to efficiently manage the critical aspects of the print procurement process, including gathering job specifications, identifying suppliers, establishing pricing, managing print production and coordinating purchase and delivery of the finished product.

Our database stores the production capabilities of our supplier network, as well as price and quote data for bids we receive and transactions we execute. As a result, we believe PPM4™ contains one of the largest independent repositories of equipment profiles and price data for print suppliers in the United States. Our procurement managers use this data to discover excess print manufacturing capacity, select optimal suppliers, negotiate favorable pricing and efficiently procure high-quality products and services for our clients.

 

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With each new print job process, we collect and store additional data in our proprietary database. As the number of print jobs we complete increases, our database further enhances our competitive position and our ability to obtain favorable pricing for our clients.

We believe PPM4™ allows us to procure print more efficiently than traditional manual or semi-automated systems used by many printers and print brokers in the marketplace. PPM4™ includes the following features:

 

   

“4caster.”    Our proprietary database provides real-time cost estimates for potential print jobs within our major product categories based upon the historical data we have collected from print jobs with similar specifications. These estimates are used by our account executives during the sales process and procurement managers to compare bids and negotiate favorable pricing. Some of our largest suppliers have provided us with pricing tables covering specific product categories, which have also enhanced our ability to discover competitive pricing.

 

   

Customized order management.    PPM4™ automatically generates customized data entry screens based on product type and guides the procurement manager to enter the required job specifications. For example, if a procurement manager selects “envelope” in the product field, the screen will automatically prompt the procurement manager to specify the size, paper type, window size and placement and display style.

 

   

Cost management.    PPM4™ reconciles supplier invoices to executed print orders to ensure the supplier adhered to the pricing and other terms contained in the print order. In addition, it includes checks and balances that allow us to monitor important financial indicators relating to a print order, such as projected gross margin and significant job alterations.

 

   

Standardized reporting.    Our solution generates transaction reports that contain quote, supplier capability, price and customer service information regarding the print jobs the client has completed with us. These reports can be customized, sorted and searched based on a specified time period or the type of printed product, price or supplier. In addition, the reports give our clients insight into their print spend for each individual print job and on an enterprise-wide basis, which allows the client to track the amounts it spends on printed paper, print, productions and logistics.

 

   

Task-tracking.    Our solution creates a work order checklist that sends e-mail reminders to our procurement managers regarding the time elapsed between certain milestones and the completion of specified deliverables. These automated notifications enable our procurement managers to focus on more critical aspects of the print process and eliminate delays.

 

   

Open architecture.    PPM4™ allows us to integrate clients and suppliers into our solution. Some of our larger clients have limited, secure access to our database, which they can use to directly access their transaction data.

 

   

Historical price baseline.    Some of our larger clients have provided us with pricing data for print jobs they completed before they began to use our solution. For these clients, PPM4™ automatically compares our current price for a print job to the price obtained by the client for a comparable historical job, which enables us to demonstrate on an ongoing basis the cost savings we provide.

We have also created customized Internet-based stores, which we refer to as IW stores, for certain of our clients that allow them to order pre-selected products, such as personalized business stationery, marketing brochures and promotional products, through an automated ordering process with viewable and variable PDF capabilities.

Our Clients

We procure printed products for corporate clients across a wide range of industries, such as advertising, consumer products, publishing and retail. Our clients also include printers that outsource jobs to us because they do not have the requisite capabilities or capacity to complete an order. From our inception

 

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through December 31, 2008, we served over 8,100 clients through 6,000 suppliers. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, our largest customer accounted for 12% and 9% of our revenue, respectively. All of our other revenue for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 was derived from customers that each accounted for less than 10% of our annual revenue. Revenue from our top-ten clients accounted for 41% and 33% of our revenue in 2007 and 2008, respectively.

We generate revenue by procuring and purchasing printed products from our suppliers and selling those products to our clients. Our clients fall into two categories, enterprise and transactional. We enter into contracts with our enterprise clients to provide some or substantially all of their printed products, typically on a recurring basis. Our contracts with our enterprise clients generally have an open-ended term with a termination right upon advance notice ranging from 90 days to twelve months. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, enterprise clients accounted for 70%, 62% and 64% of our revenue, respectively. We provide printed products to our transactional clients on an order-by-order basis. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, transactional clients accounted for 30%, 38% and 36% of our revenue, respectively.

As part of our growth strategy, we seek to expand our base of transactional clients by hiring account executives, or acquiring groups of them, with established client relationships. We also aim to sell our enterprise solution to our transactional clients to capture a greater portion of their recurring print expenditures.

Our Products and Services

We offer a full range of print, fulfillment and logistics services in over 60 different print categories, which allows us to procure printed products on virtually any substrate. The printed products we procure for our clients may be printed with any of the eight major types of printing, which include offset sheet-fed, web offset, digital offset, letterpress, screen printing, waterless, flexography and gravure, as well as several forms of specialty printing.

Our major products include:

 

direct mail pieces

books

brochures

catalogues

point-of-purchase

displays

magazines

packaging

store fixtures

  

CDs/DVDs

promotional products

annual reports

envelopes

labels

calendars

folders

gift cards

signage

  

posters

newsletters

billboards

playing cards

binders

apparel

games

stationery

business and automobile wraps

  

postcards

stickers

bags

magnets

warehousing

pick and pack

distribution

print on demand

We offer a comprehensive range of fulfillment and logistics services, such as kitting and assembly, inventory management and pre-sorting postage. These services are often essential to the completion of the finished product. For example, we assemble multi-level direct mailings, insurance benefits packages and coupons and promotional incentives that are included with credit card and bank statements. We also provide creative services, including copywriting, graphics and website design, identity work and marketing collateral development, and pre-media services, such as image and print-ready page processing and proofing capabilities.

We agree to provide our clients with products that conform with the industry standard of a “commercially reasonable quality” and our suppliers in turn agree to provide us with products of the same quality. The quotes we execute with our clients include customary provisions that limit the amount of our liability for product defects. To date, we have not experienced significant claims or liabilities relating to defective products.

Our Supplier Network

Our supplier base of over 7,000 suppliers includes printers, graphic designers, paper mills and merchants, digital imaging companies, specialty binders, finishing and engraving firms and fulfillment and distribution centers.

 

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These suppliers have been selected from among thousands of potential suppliers worldwide based on their ability to effectively serve our clients on the basis of price, quality and customer service. We direct requests for proposal from our clients to potential suppliers based on historical pricing data, quality control rankings and geographic proximity to a client or other criteria specified by our clients.

In 2008, our top-ten suppliers accounted for approximately 14% of our cost of goods sold and no supplier accounted for over 2% of our cost of goods sold. As of December 31, 2008, a majority of our top-100 suppliers had executed supply and service agreements with us. These agreements have an open-ended term with a termination right on 60 days prior written notice and contain non-solicitation provisions that prohibit the supplier from soliciting any client for which the supplier has executed a print order for a specified period, generally 24 months, after the expiration of the agreement. Our contractual relationship with the remaining suppliers in our network is governed solely by any print orders we execute with those suppliers on an order-by-order basis.

We have established a quality control program that is designed to ensure that we deliver high-quality printed products and services to our clients through the suppliers in our network. As part of this program, we train our procurement managers to accurately gather job specifications and create a checklist to ensure that each item in the print order has been approved by the client. In addition, we regularly request that our clients complete customer scorecards, which are stored in our database and converted into quality control reports. These quality control reports are accessible to our procurement managers through PPM4™ and are used during the supplier selection process. Our quality control standards are designed to ensure that our clients receive high quality printed products regardless of the supplier that prints the product.

Sales and Marketing

Our account executives sell our print procurement services to corporate clients. As of December 31, 2008, we had 280 account executives. Our agreements with our account executives require them to market and sell print procurement services for us on an exclusive basis and contain non-compete and non-solicitation provisions that apply during and for a specified period after the term of their service.

We expect to continue our growth by recruiting and retaining highly qualified account executives and providing them with the tools to be successful in the marketplace. There are a large number of print sales representatives in North America and we believe that we will be able to identify qualified account executives from this pool of individuals. Candidates are recruited through Internet postings, advertisements in industry publications, industry event attendance, Internet research, referrals and word-of-mouth networking. We also expect to augment our sales force through selective acquisitions of print service businesses, including print brokers that include experienced sales personnel with established client relationships.

We believe that we offer account executives an attractive opportunity in the print industry because they can utilize our vast supplier network, proprietary pricing data and customized order management solution to sell to their clients virtually any printed product at a highly competitive price. In addition, the diverse production and service capabilities of the suppliers in our network provide our account executives the opportunity to deliver a more complete product and service offering to their clients. We believe we can better attract and retain experienced account executives than our competitors because of the breadth of products offered by our supplier network.

To date, we have been successful in attracting and retaining qualified account executives. As of December 31, 2008, our account executives had an average of over 14 years of sales experience in the print industry, which in certain cases included employment as sales representatives for some of the largest printers in the United States. The integration process consists of training with our sales management, as well as access to a variety of sales and educational resources that are available on our Intranet. Because the account executives we hire generally have significant sales experience, they can begin marketing our services after limited training on our model and systems.

 

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Competition

We operate in the print industry and several print-related industries, including paper and pulp, graphics art and digital imaging and fulfillment and logistics. As a result, we compete on some level with virtually every company that is involved in printing, from printers to graphic designers, pre-press firms, paper manufacturers and fulfillment companies.

Our primary competitors are printers that employ traditional methods of marketing and selling their printed materials. The printers with which we compete generally own and operate their own printing equipment and typically serve clients only within the specific product categories and print types that their equipment produces.

Some of these printers, such as Quad/Graphics, Workflow/Relizon and R.R. Donnelley, have larger client bases and significantly more resources than we do.

We also compete with print distributors and brokers. These competitors generally do not own or operate printing equipment, and typically work with a limited number of suppliers and have minimal financial investment in the quality of the products produced for their clients. Our industry experience indicates that several of these competitors, such as Williams Lea, Cirqit and NewlineNoosh, offer print procurement services or enterprise software applications for the print industry.

The principal elements of competition in print procurement are price, product quality, customer service and reliability. Although we believe our business delivers products and services on competitive terms, our business and the print procurement industry are relatively new and are evolving rapidly. Print buyers may prefer to utilize the traditional services offered by the printers with whom we compete. Alternatively, some of these printers may elect to compete with us directly by offering print procurement services or enterprise software applications, and their well-established client relationships industry knowledge, brand recognition, financial and marketing capabilities, technical resources and pricing flexibility may provide them with a competitive advantage over us.

Intellectual Property

We rely primarily on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws as well as restrictions and patents to protect our intellectual property rights. As of December 31, 2008, we have been issued one US Patent and have three patent applications pending related to our proprietary sourcing methods. We expect to apply for additional patents in the future. We also protect our proprietary technology through confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with our employees and independent contractors.

Our IT infrastructure provides a high level of security for our proprietary database. The storage system for our proprietary data is designed to ensure that power and hardware failures do not result in the loss of critical data. The proprietary data is protected from unauthorized access through a combination of physical and logical security measures, including firewalls, antivirus software, anti-spy software, password encryption and physical security, with access limited to authorized IT personnel. In addition to our security infrastructure, our system is backed up and stored in a redundant location daily to prevent the loss of our proprietary data due to catastrophic failures or natural disasters. We test our IT recovery ability semi-annually to verify that we can recover our business critical systems in a timely fashion.

Employees

As of December 31, 2008, we had 761 employees and independent contractors, consisting of 145 corporate staff, 336 procurement managers and 280 account executives. We consider our employee relations to be strong.

Our Website

Our website is http://www.inwk.com. We make available, free of charge through our website, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, including exhibits and

 

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any amendments to those reports, filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. We make these reports available through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after our electronic filing of such materials with, or the furnishing of them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additionally, all of our filings may be read or copied at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Public Reference Room at 100F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains an Internet website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically.

The information contained on our website is not a part of this report and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other public filing made by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Set forth below are certain risk factors that could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. You should carefully read the following risk factors, together with the financial statements, related notes and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that contain risks and uncertainties. Please refer to the discussion of “Forward-Looking Statements” on page one of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in connection with your consideration of the risk factors and other important factors that may affect future results described below.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before you decide to buy our common stock. Our business, financial condition and operating results may suffer if any of the following risks are realized. If any of these risks or uncertainties occur, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

Competition could substantially impair our business and our operating results.

We operate in the print industry and several print-related industries, including paper and pulp, graphics art and pre-press and fulfillment and logistics. Competition in these industries is intense. Our primary competitors are printers that employ traditional methods of marketing and selling their printed materials. Many of these printers, such as Quad/Graphics, Workflow/Relizon and R.R. Donnelley, have larger client bases and significantly more resources than we do. Print buyers may prefer to utilize the traditional services offered by the printers with whom we compete. Alternatively, some of these printers may elect to offer outsourced print procurement services or enterprise software applications, and their well-established client relationships, industry knowledge, brand recognition, financial and marketing capabilities, technical resources and pricing flexibility may provide them with a competitive advantage over us.

We also compete with a number of print suppliers, distributors and brokers. Several of these competitors, such as Williams Lea, Cirqit, Workflow/Relizon and Newline/Noosh, offer outsourced print procurement services or enterprise software applications for the print industry. These competitors, or new competitors that enter the market, may also offer print procurement services similar to and competitive with or superior to our current or proposed offerings and achieve greater market acceptance. In addition, a software solution and database similar to PPM4™ could be created over time by a competitor with sufficient financial resources and comparable experience in the print industry. If our competitors are able to offer comparable services, we could lose clients, and our market share could decline.

Our competitors may also establish cooperative relationships to increase their ability to address client needs. Increased competition may lead to revenue reductions, reduced gross margins or a loss of market share, any one of which could harm our business and our operating results.

 

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If our services do not achieve widespread commercial acceptance, our business will suffer.

Most companies currently coordinate the procurement and management of their print orders with their own employees using a combination of telephone, facsimile, e-mail and the Internet. Growth in the demand for our services depends on the adoption of our outsourcing model for print procurement services. We may not be able to persuade prospective clients to change their traditional print management processes. Our business could suffer if our services are not accepted or are not perceived by the marketplace to be effective or valuable.

If our suppliers do not meet our needs or expectations, or those of our clients, our business would suffer.

The success of our business depends to a large extent on our relationships with our clients and our reputation for high quality printed products and print procurement services. We do not own printing presses or other printing equipment. Instead, we rely on third-party suppliers to deliver the printed products and services that we provide to our clients. As a result, we do not directly control the manufacturing of the products or the services provided by our suppliers. If our suppliers do not meet our needs or expectations, or those of our clients, our professional reputation may be damaged, our business would be harmed and we could be subject to legal liability.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a relatively limited number of large clients and any loss of, or decrease in sales to, these clients could harm our results of operations.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a relatively limited number of large clients. Revenue from our top-ten clients accounted for 47%, 41% and 33% of our revenue during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Our largest client accounted for 14%, 12% and 9% of our revenue in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. We are likely to continue to experience ongoing client concentration, particularly if we are successful in attracting large enterprise clients. Moreover, there may be a loss or reduction in business from one or more of our large clients. It is also possible that revenue from these clients, either individually or as a group, may not reach or exceed historical levels in any future period. The loss or significant reduction of business from our major clients would adversely affect our results of operations.

A significant or prolonged economic downturn, or a dramatic decline in the demand for printed products, could adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

Our results of operations are affected directly by the level of business activity of our clients, which in turn is affected by the level of economic activity and cyclicality in the industries and markets that they serve. Certain of our products are sold to industries, including the advertising, retail, housing, financial and pharmaceutical industries, that experience significant fluctuations in demand based on general economic conditions, cyclicality and other factors beyond our control. An economic stagnation or downturn could result in a reduction of the marketing budgets of our clients or a decrease in the number of print jobs that our clients order from us. Reduced demand from one of these industries or markets could adversely affect our revenues, operating income and profitability.

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business, prospects and future financial performance.

We formed our business in September 2001 and have a limited operating history, which makes evaluating our current business and prospects difficult. The revenue and income potential of our business is uncertain, which makes it difficult to predict accurately our future financial performance. We may face periods where our financial performance falls below investor expectations. As a result, the price of our common stock may decline.

We are subject to the internal control evaluation and attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that we include in our annual report our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year. Furthermore,

 

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our independent registered public accounting firm (“Firm”) is required to report on whether it believes we maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year. We successfully completed our assessment and obtained our Firm’s report as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. In future years, if we fail to timely complete this assessment, or if we cannot obtain our Firm’s report as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we could be subject to regulatory sanctions and a loss of public confidence in our internal control. In addition, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to timely meet our regulatory reporting obligations.

A decrease in the number of our suppliers could adversely affect our business.

In 2008, our top-ten suppliers accounted for approximately 14% of the products we sold, and no supplier accounted for over 2% of our products sold. We expect to continue to rely on these suppliers to fulfill a substantial portion of our print orders in the future. These suppliers are not contractually required to continue to accept orders from us. If production capacity at a significant number of these suppliers becomes unavailable, we will be required to use fewer suppliers, which could significantly limit our ability to serve our clients on competitive terms. In addition, we rely on price bids provided by our suppliers to populate our database. If the number of our suppliers decreases significantly, we will not be able to obtain sufficient pricing information for PPM4™, which could affect our ability to obtain favorable pricing for our clients.

If we are unable to expand the number of our account executives, or if a significant number of our account executives leave InnerWorkings, our ability to increase our revenues could be negatively impacted.

Our ability to expand our business will depend largely on our ability to attract additional account executives with established client relationships. Competition for qualified account executives can be intense and we may be unable to hire such persons. Any difficulties we experience in expanding the number of our account executives could have a negative impact on our ability to expand our client base, increase our revenue and continue our growth.

In addition, we must retain our current account executives and properly incentivize them to obtain new clients and maintain existing client relationships. If a significant number of our account executives leave InnerWorkings and take their clients with them, our revenue could be negatively impacted. We have entered into non-compete agreements with our account executives to mitigate this risk, but we may need to litigate to enforce our rights under these agreements, which could be time-consuming, expensive and ineffective. A significant increase in the turnover rate among our current account executives could also increase our recruiting costs and decrease our operating efficiency and productivity, which could lead to a decline in the demand for our services.

If we are unable to expand our enterprise client base, our revenue growth rate may be negatively impacted.

As part of our growth strategy, we seek to attract new enterprise clients and migrate our transactional client relationships into enterprise engagements under long-term contracts. If we are unable to attract new enterprise clients or expand our relationships with our existing transactional clients, our ability to grow our business will be hindered.

Many of our clients may terminate their relationship with us on short notice and with no penalties or limited penalties.

Our transactional clients, which accounted for approximately 30%, 38% and 36% of our revenue in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, typically use our services on an order-by-order basis rather than under long-term contracts. These clients have no obligation to continue using our services and may stop purchasing from us at any time. We have entered into contracts with our enterprise clients, which accounted for approximately 70%, 62%

 

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and 64% of our revenue in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, that generally have an open-ended duration. Most of these contracts, however, do not impose minimum purchase or volume requirements, and typically permit the clients to terminate our engagements on prior notice ranging from 90 days to 12 months with limited or no penalties.

The volume and type of services we provide our clients may vary from year to year and could be reduced if a client were to change its outsourcing or print procurement strategy. If a significant number of our transactional or enterprise clients elect to terminate or not to renew their engagements with us, or if the volume of their print orders decreases, our business, operating results and financial condition could suffer.

There are risks that our acquisitions could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition. These risks include:

 

   

problems with integrating the operations and technologies of our acquired companies with our business;

 

   

distraction and diversion of management time and attention from our existing core business;

 

   

inability to retain business relationships with the customers of our acquired companies; and

 

   

inability to retain key employees of our acquired companies.

We may not be able to develop or implement new systems, procedures and controls that are required to support the anticipated growth in our operations.

Our revenues increased from $5.0 million in 2002 to $419.0 million in 2008, representing a compound annual growth rate of 109.2%. Between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2008, the number of our employees and independent contractors increased from 21 to 761. Continued growth could place a significant strain on our ability to:

 

   

recruit, motivate and retain qualified account executives, procurement managers and management personnel;

 

   

preserve our culture, values and entrepreneurial environment;

 

   

develop and improve our internal administrative infrastructure and execution standards; and

 

   

maintain high levels of client satisfaction.

To manage our growth, we must implement and maintain proper operational and financial controls and systems. Further, we will need to manage our relationships with various clients and suppliers. We cannot give any assurance that we will be able to develop and implement, on a timely basis, the systems, procedures and controls required to support the growth in our operations or effectively manage our relationships with various clients and suppliers. If we are unable to manage our growth, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

A decrease in levels of excess capacity in the U.S. commercial print industry could have an adverse impact on our business.

We believe that for the past several years the U.S. commercial print industry has experienced significant levels of excess capacity. Our business seeks to capitalize on imbalances between supply and demand in the print industry by obtaining favorable pricing terms from suppliers in our network through a competitive bid process. Reduced excess capacity in the print industry generally and in our supplier network specifically could have an adverse impact on our ability to execute our business strategy and on our business results and growth prospects.

Our inability to protect our intellectual property rights may impair our competitive position.

If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, our competitors could replicate our proprietary technology in order to offer similar services and harm our competitive position. We rely on a

 

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combination of trademark and trade secret laws and confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements to protect our proprietary technology. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights will be adequate or that third parties will not infringe or misappropriate our rights or imitate or duplicate our services or methodologies, including PPM4™. We may need to litigate to enforce our intellectual property rights or determine the validity and scope of the rights of others. Any such litigation could be time-consuming and costly.

If we are unable to maintain PPM4™, demand for our services and our revenues could decrease.

We rely heavily on PPM4™ to procure printed products for our clients. To keep pace with changing technologies and client demands, we must correctly interpret and address market trends and enhance the features and functionality of our technology in response to these trends, which may lead to significant research and development costs. We may be unable to accurately determine the needs of print buyers or the trends in the print industry or to design and implement the appropriate features and functionality of our technology in a timely and cost-effective manner, which could result in decreased demand for our services and a corresponding decrease in our revenue.

In addition, we must protect our systems against physical damage from fire, earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hacker attacks, physical break-ins and similar events. Any software or hardware damage or failure that causes interruption or an increase in response time of PPM4™ could reduce client satisfaction and decrease usage of our services.

If the key members of our management team do not remain with us in the future, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our future success will depend to a significant extent on the continued services of Eric Belcher, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Joseph Busky, our Chief Financial Officer, Ryan Irwin, our Executive Vice President of Sales, Jan Sevcik, our Chief Information Officer, and Jonathan Shean, our Senior Vice President of Operations. The loss of the services of any of these or other individuals could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition and could divert other senior management time in searching for their replacements.

Our management team has limited experience managing a public company, and regulatory compliance may divert its attention from the day-to-day management of our business.

The individuals who now constitute our management team have limited experience managing a publicly-traded company and limited experience complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage the significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under federal securities laws. In particular, these obligations will require substantial attention from our senior management and divert its attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could materially and adversely impact our business operations.

Because many of the members of our management team have been employed with us for a short period of time, we cannot be certain that they will be able to manage our business successfully.

We are dependent on our management team for our business to be successful. Many of our key management personnel have been employed by us for less than one year. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we will be able to allocate responsibilities appropriately and that the new members of our management team will succeed in their roles. Our inability to integrate members of our current management team with our business model would make it difficult for us to manage our business successfully and to pursue our growth strategy.

 

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Our business is subject to seasonal sales fluctuations, which could result in volatility or have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

Our business is subject to some degree of sales seasonality. Historically, the percentage of our annual revenue earned during the third and fourth fiscal quarters has been higher due, in part, to a greater number of print orders in anticipation of the year-end holiday season. If our business continues to experience seasonality, we may incur significant additional expenses during our third and fourth quarters, including additional staffing expenses. Consequently, if we were to experience lower than expected revenue during any future third or fourth quarter, whether from a general decline in economic conditions or other factors beyond our control, our expenses may not be offset, which would have a disproportionate impact on our operating results and financial condition for that year.

Price fluctuations in raw materials costs could adversely affect the margins on our print orders.

The print industry relies on a constant supply of various raw materials, including paper and ink. Prices within the print industry are directly affected by the cost of paper, which is purchased in a price sensitive market that has historically exhibited price and demand cyclicality. Prices are also affected by the cost of ink. Our profit margin and profitability are largely a function of the rates that our suppliers charge us compared to the rates that we charge our clients. If our suppliers increase the price of our print orders, and we are not able to find suitable or alternative suppliers, our profit margin may decline.

If any of our products causes damages or injuries, we may experience product liability claims.

Clients and third parties who claim to suffer damages or an injury caused by our products may bring lawsuits against us. Defending lawsuits arising out of any of the products we provide to our clients could be costly and absorb substantial amounts of management attention, which could adversely affect our financial performance. A significant product liability judgment against us could harm our reputation and business.

If any of our key clients fails to pay for our services, our profitability would be negatively impacted.

We take full title and risk of loss for the printed products we procure from our suppliers. Our obligation to pay our suppliers is not contingent upon receipt of payment from our clients. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, our revenue was $160.5 million, $288.4 million and $419.0 million, respectively, and our top-ten clients accounted for 47%, 41% and 33%, respectively, of such revenue. If any of our key clients fails to pay for our services, our profitability would be negatively impacted.

We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates, effectively integrate newly acquired businesses or achieve expected profitability from acquisitions.

Part of our growth strategy is to increase our revenue and the markets that we serve through the acquisition of additional businesses. We are actively considering certain acquisitions and will likely consider others. There can be no assurance that suitable candidates for acquisitions can be identified or, if suitable candidates are identified, that acquisitions can be completed on acceptable terms, if at all. Even if suitable candidates are identified, any future acquisitions may entail a number of risks that could adversely affect our business and the market price of our common stock, including the integration of the acquired operations, diversion of management’s attention, risks of entering markets in which we have limited experience, adverse short-term effects on our reported operating results, the potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses and risks associated with unanticipated liabilities.

We may use common stock to pay for acquisitions. If the owners of potential acquisition candidates are not willing to receive common stock in exchange for their businesses, our acquisition prospects could be limited.

 

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Future acquisitions could also result in accounting charges, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities and increased debt and contingent liabilities, including liabilities related to unknown or undisclosed circumstances, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and the market price of our common stock.

We incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.

We face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, including the requirements of Section 404, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Nasdaq Global Market, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. We expect that continuing compliance with these public company requirements will increase our costs and make some activities more time-consuming. We also expect that it will be difficult and expensive to maintain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt even more changes in governance and reporting requirements. We expect that the additional reporting and other obligations imposed on us by these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of our related legal, accounting and administrative activities. These increased costs will require us to divert a significant amount of money that we could otherwise use to expand our business and achieve our strategic objectives.

Our ability to raise capital in the future may be limited, and our failure to raise capital when needed could prevent us from growing.

We may in the future be required to raise capital through public or private financing or other arrangements. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. Additional equity financing may be dilutive to the holders of our common stock, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and could reduce our profitability. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The trading price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile.

The trading prices of many newly publicly-traded companies are highly volatile. Since our initial public offering in August 2006 through March 3, 2009, the closing sale price of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market has ranged from a low of $1.92 on March 2, 2009 to a high of $18.69 on October 9, 2007.

Certain factors may continue to cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate, including:

 

   

fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;

 

   

changes in market valuations of similar companies;

 

   

success of competitive products or services;

 

   

changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of debt or equity securities;

 

   

announcements by us, our competitors, our clients or our suppliers of significant products or services, contracts, acquisitions or strategic alliances;

 

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regulatory developments in the United States or foreign countries;

 

   

litigation involving our company, our general industry or both;

 

   

additions or departures of key personnel;

 

   

investors’ general perception of us; and

 

   

changes in general economic, industry and market conditions.

In addition, as a result of the current economic crisis, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition or results of operations. The current economic environment has negatively affected demand for our services, and we anticipate reduced demand will continue in early 2009. If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our stock price to fall.

If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our common stock, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts. The price of our stock could decline if one or more equity analysts downgrade our stock or if these analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.

Our quarterly results are difficult to predict and may vary from quarter to quarter, which may result in our failure to meet the expectations of investors and increased volatility of our stock price.

The continued use of our services by our clients depends, in part, on the business activity of our clients and our ability to meet their cost saving needs, as well as their own changing business conditions. The time between our payment to the supplier of a print job and our receipt of payment from our clients varies with each print job and client. In addition, a significant percentage of our revenue is subject to the discretion of our enterprise and transactional clients, who may stop using our services at any time, subject, in the case of most of our enterprise clients, to advance notice requirements. Therefore, the number, size and profitability of print jobs may vary significantly from quarter to quarter. As a result, our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict and may fall below the expectations of current or potential investors in some future quarters, which could lead to a significant decline in the market price of our stock. This may lead to volatility in our stock price. The factors that are likely to cause these variations include:

 

   

the demand for our print procurement solution;

 

   

the use of outsourced enterprise solutions;

 

   

clients’ business decisions regarding the quantities of printed products they purchase;

 

   

the number, timing and profitability of our print jobs, unanticipated contract terminations and print job postponements;

 

   

new product introductions and enhancements by our competitors;

 

   

changes in our pricing policies;

 

   

our ability to manage costs, including personnel costs; and

 

   

costs related to possible acquisitions of other businesses.

 

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Because a limited number of stockholders control a significant amount of the voting power of our common stock, investors in the Company may not be able to determine the outcome of stockholder votes.

Orange Media, LLC, the sole member of which is Elizabeth Kramer Lefkofsky, who is the wife of Eric P. Lefkofsky, and Richard A. Heise, Jr. beneficially owned and had the ability to exercise voting control over, in the aggregate, 21.0% of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2008. In addition, New Enterprise Associates 11, Limited Partnership and various affiliates of New Enterprise Associates 11 beneficially owned, and had the ability to exercise voting control over, in the aggregate, 14.7% of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2008. As a result, these stockholders will be able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, any amendments to our certificate of incorporation and significant corporate transactions. Without the consent of these stockholders, we could be delayed or prevented from entering into transactions (including the acquisition of our company by third parties) that may be viewed as beneficial to us or our other stockholders. In addition, this significant concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock if investors perceive disadvantages in owning stock in a company with controlling stockholders.

We do not currently intend to pay dividends, which may limit the return on your investment in us.

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

If our board of directors authorizes the issuance of preferred stock, holders of our common stock could be diluted and harmed.

Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to establish the preferred stock’s voting powers, preferences and other rights and qualifications without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power and dividend liquidation rights of the holders of common stock. In addition, the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or discouraging a third party from acquiring, a majority of our outstanding voting stock or otherwise adversely affect the market price of our common stock. It is possible that we may need to raise capital through the sale of preferred stock in the future.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

 

Item 2. Properties

Properties

Our principal executive offices are located in Chicago, Illinois. We also maintain sales offices in New York, New Jersey, California, Hawaii, Michigan, Minnesota, Texas, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Wisconsin, Missouri and the United Kingdom. We believe that our facilities are generally suitable to meet our needs for the foreseeable future. However, we will continue to seek additional space as needed to satisfy our growth. We conduct our business from the properties listed below, all of which are leased. The terms of the leases vary and have expiration dates ranging from June 1, 2009 to December 1, 2015. As of December 31, 2008, we conducted our business from the following properties:

 

Location

  

Use

Chicago, Illinois

   Corporate Headquarters

Carol Stream, Illinois

   Business Development and Warehousing

Des Plaines, Illinois

   Business Development

Naperville, Illinois

   Business Development

New York, New York

   Business Development and Warehousing

 

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Location

  

Use

East Brunswick, New Jersey

   Business Development and Warehousing

Roseville, California

   Business Development

Monterey, California

   Business Development and Warehousing

Grover Beach, California

   Business Development

Irvine, California

   Business Development and Warehousing

Santa Clara, California

   Business Development

San Rafael, California

   Business Development and Warehousing

Hilo, Hawaii

   Business Development and Warehousing

Honolulu, Hawaii

   Business Development

Wailuku, Hawaii

   Business Development

Grand Rapids, Michigan

   Business Development

Medina, Minnesota

   Business Development and Warehousing

Plano, Texas

   Business Development and Warehousing

Blue Bell, Pennsylvania

   Business Development and Warehousing

Atlanta, Georgia

   Business Development

Greenville, Wisconsin

   Business Development and Warehousing

Kansas City, Missouri

   Business Development

Birmingham, United Kingdom

   Business Development

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are not a party to any legal proceedings that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is listed and has been traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “INWK” since August 16, 2006. Prior to that time there was no public market for our common stock. The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices for our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market for each of the periods listed.

 

     High    Low

2006

     

Third Quarter (from August 16, 2006)

   $ 12.58    $ 10.10

Fourth Quarter

   $ 18.15    $ 11.68

2007

     

First Quarter

   $ 16.52    $ 11.08

Second Quarter

   $ 16.15    $ 11.68

Third Quarter

   $ 17.23    $ 13.26

Fourth Quarter

   $ 18.69    $ 13.26

2008

     

First Quarter

   $ 16.20    $ 11.10

Second Quarter

   $ 15.00    $ 11.92

Third Quarter

   $ 13.23    $ 10.36

Fourth Quarter

   $ 10.38    $ 4.83

Holders

As of March 3, 2009, there were 78 holders of record of our common stock. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share.

Dividends

We currently do not intend to pay any dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business. Any determination in the future to pay dividends will depend upon our financial condition, capital requirements, operating results and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors, including any contractual or statutory restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.

 

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Securities Authorized For Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth information regarding securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2008.

 

     Number of Securities to be
Issued Upon Exercise of
Outstanding Options (a)
   Weighted Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options
   Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance under
Equity Compensation
Plans (Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column (a))
 

Plan Category

        

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1)

   5,484,366    $ 4.19    168,855 (2)

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders(3)

   —        —      —    
                  

Total

   5,484,366    $ 4.19    168,855  
                  

 

(1) Includes our 2004 Unit Option Plan, which was merged with our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan.
(2) Includes shares remaining available for future issuance under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan.
(3) There are no equity compensation plans in place not approved by our stockholders.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

In May 2008, our Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program allowing us to repurchase up to $50 million of our outstanding shares of common stock, exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses directly related to such repurchases, either: (1) in the open market (including through block purchases or tender offers), (2) through transactions in certain instruments or agreements that may be characterized as derivatives or (3) through privately-negotiated transactions, through December 31, 2009.

The following table provides information about purchases we made during the quarter ended December 31, 2008 of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

 

Period

   Total
Number
of Shares
Purchased
   Average
Price Paid
per Share
   Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
as Part of
Publicly
Announced
Program
   Approximate
Dollar Value
of Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the
Program

October 1, 2008 through October 31, 2008

   724,233    $ 9.67    724,233    $ 15,800,000

November 1, 2008 through November 31, 2008

   —        —      —      $ 15,800,000

December 1, 2008 through December 31, 2008

   —        —      —      $ 15,800,000

 

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Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The following table presents selected consolidated financial and other data as of and for the periods indicated. You should read the following information together with the more detailed information contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.

 

     Years ended December 31,  
     2004     2005     2006     2007     2008(1)  
     (in thousands, except per share amounts)  

Consolidated statements of operations data:

          

Revenue

   $ 38,884     $ 76,870     $ 160,515     $ 288,431     $ 419,017  

Cost of goods sold

     30,483       61,272       123,970       215,043       314,996  
                                        

Gross profit

     8,401       15,598       36,545       73,388       104,021  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     6,105       10,606       22,675       47,982       79,655  

Depreciation and amortization

     223       388       1,030       2,216       4,761  
                                        

Income from operations

     2,073       4,604       12,840       23,190       19,605  

Other income (expense)

     (124 )     (29 )     775       2,671       6,445  

Minority interest income (expense)

     (192 )     58       —         —         —    
                                        

Total other income (expense)

     (316 )     29       775       2,671       6,445  
                                        

Income before income taxes

     1,757       4,633       13,615       25,861       26,050  

Income tax expense

     —         —         (5,335 )     (3,357 )     (10,097 )
                                        

Net income

     1,757       4,633       8,280       22,504       15,953  

Dividends on preferred shares

     (462 )     (762 )     (1,409 )     —         —    
                                        

Net income applicable to common stockholders

   $ 1,295     $ 3,871     $ 6,871     $ 22,504     $ 15,953  
                                        

Net income per share of common stock:

          

Basic

   $ 0.04     $ 0.12     $ 0.22     $ 0.47     $ 0.34  

Diluted

   $ 0.04     $ 0.12     $ 0.21     $ 0.45     $ 0.32  

Shares used in per share calculations:

          

Basic

     29,449       31,010       31,712       47,459       47,137  

Diluted

     29,449       32,707       39,372       49,964       49,141  

Other data:

          

Enterprise clients(2)

     46       69       92       116       143  

Transactional clients(3)

     593       667       2,228       4,584       5,776  

Total clients(4)

     639       736       2,320       4,700       5,919  

Total print jobs(5)

     6,972       10,736       21,960       69,069       144,000  

Employees and independent contractors

     85       154       312       567       761  

 

(1) See note 8 of the Company’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the acquisitions made during 2008 and a presentation of 2007 and 2008 unaudited pro forma information, as if the acquisitions were completed as of January 1, 2007, for additional comparative information.
(2) Reflects number of enterprise clients determined as of the last day of the applicable period.
(3) Reflects number of transactional clients served in the applicable period.
(4) Reflects the total number of enterprise clients as of the last day of the applicable period and the number of transactional clients served in the applicable period.
(5) Reflects the total number of print jobs executed in the applicable period.
(6) Reflects the number of employees and independent contractors as of the last day of the applicable period.

 

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     As of December 31,
     2004    2005    2006    2007    2008
     (in thousands)

Consolidated balance sheet data:

              

Cash and cash equivalents(7)

   $ 1,476    $ 2,963    $ 20,613    $ 26,716    $ 4,012

Working capital(7)

     3,467      3,540      57,705      90,174      10,382

Total assets(7)

     14,713      26,685      113,510      206,833      253,822

Line of credit(7)

     678      2,924      —        —        —  

Revolving credit facility

     —        —        —        —        42,590

Long-term debt

     2,022      —        —        —        —  

Capital leases

     128      393      296      215      268

Convertible redeemable preferred shares(7)(8)

     2,863      5,008      —        —        —  

Total members’ equity/stockholders’ equity(7)(8)

     91      1,252      81,455      147,445      133,738

 

(7) In connection with our initial public offering in August 2006, we raised approximately $47.8 million, net of underwriting discounts, preference payments, dividend payments, professional fees, and repayment of outstanding indebtedness under our line of credit. In connection with our follow-on offering in January 2007, we raised approximately $37.8 million, net of underwriting discounts, commissions and offering related expenses.
(8) In connection with our initial public offering in August 2006, all outstanding Class A Common Shares and Class B, D, E Preferred Shares were converted to common shares.

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. It contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Overview

We are a leading provider of print and promotional procurement solutions to corporate clients across a wide range of industries. We combine the talent of our employees with our proprietary technology, extensive supplier base and domain expertise to procure, manage and deliver printed products as part of a comprehensive outsourced enterprise solution. Our technology is designed to capitalize on excess manufacturing capacity and other inefficiencies in the traditional print supply chain to obtain favorable pricing and to deliver high-quality products and services for our clients.

Our proprietary software applications and database, PPM4™, create a fully-integrated solution that stores, analyzes and tracks the production capabilities of our supplier network, as well as quote and price data for each bid we receive and print job we execute. As a result, we believe PPM4™ contains one of the largest independent repositories of equipment profiles and price data for print suppliers in the United States. We leverage our technology to match each print job with the supplier that is optimally suited to meet the client’s needs at a highly competitive price. Our procurement managers use PPM4™ to manage the print procurement process from end-to-end.

Through our supplier base of over 7,000 suppliers, we offer a full range of print, fulfillment and logistics services that allows us to procure printed products on virtually any substrate. The breadth of our product offerings and services and the depth of our supplier network enable us to fulfill up to 100% of the print procurement needs of our clients. By leveraging our technology platform, our clients are able to reduce overhead costs, redeploy internal resources and obtain favorable pricing and service terms. In addition, our ability to track individual transactions and provide customized reports detailing print procurement activity on an enterprise-wide basis provides our clients with greater visibility and control of their print expenditures.

We maintain sales offices in New York, New Jersey, California, Hawaii, Michigan, Minnesota, Texas, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Wisconsin, Missouri and the United Kingdom. We believe the opportunity exists to expand our business into new geographic markets. Our objective is to continue to increase our sales in the major print markets in the United States and Europe. We intend to hire or acquire more account executives within close proximity to these large markets. In addition, given that the print industry is a global business, over time we intend to evaluate opportunities to access attractive markets outside the United States.

Recent Developments

In May 2008, we acquired etrinsic, a leading provider of print management and marketing services based in the United Kingdom. The acquisition price consisted of $6.9 million in cash paid in May 2008 and up to an additional $5.9 million in cash payable contingent upon the achievement of certain performance measures by etrinsic prior to April 30, 2011.

In July 2008, we acquired Marketing-Out-of-the-Box Inc., a provider of print services including the procurement and production management of printed and promotional products, located in Illinois. The acquisition price consisted of $6.9 million in cash paid in June 2008 and up to an additional $5.8 million in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Marketing Out-of-the-Box Inc. by June 30, 2011.

In July 2008, we acquired MediaLink Creative Solutions, a provider of print services including the procurement and production management of printed and promotional products and related warehousing and

 

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fulfillment functions, located in Wisconsin. The acquisition price consisted of $7.4 million in cash paid in July 2008 and up to an additional $4.8 million in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by MediaLink Creative Solutions by July 31, 2011.

In August 2008, we acquired Mikam Graphics, a leader in the publishing industry that specializes in the procurement and management of printed and promotional products, located in New York. The acquisition price consisted of $13.0 million in cash paid in August 2008 and up to an additional $14.1 million in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Mikam Graphics by July 31, 2011.

In October 2008, we acquired Origen Partners, a leading print management firm specializing in point of purchase displays, signage and other in-store merchandising materials, located in Georgia. The acquisition price consisted of $7.4 million in cash paid in October 2008 and up to an additional $14.0 million in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Origen Partners by September 30, 2012. As a result of this acquisition, we broadened our geographic resources and added nine sales executives and their corresponding production teams.

Revenue

We generate revenue through the sale of printed products to our clients. Our revenue was $160.5 million, $288.4 million and $419.0 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, reflecting growth rates of 108.8%, 79.7% and 45.3% in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year. Our revenue is generated from two different types of clients: enterprise and transactional. Enterprise jobs usually involve higher dollar amounts and volume than our transactional jobs. We categorize a client as an enterprise client if we have a contract with the client for the provision of printing services on a recurring basis; if the client has signed an open-ended purchase order, or a series of related purchase orders; or if the client has enrolled in our e-stores program, which enables the client to make online purchases of printing services on a recurring basis. We categorize all other clients as transactional. We enter into contracts with our enterprise clients to provide some or a specific portion of their printed products on a recurring basis. Our contracts with enterprise clients generally have an open-ended term subject to termination by either party upon prior notice ranging from 90 days to twelve months. Several of our enterprise clients have outsourced substantially all of their recurring print needs to us. We provide printed products to our transactional clients on an order-by-order basis. As of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, we had 92, 116 and 143 enterprise clients, respectively. From our inception through December 31, 2008, we have served over 8,100 clients. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, enterprise clients accounted for 70%, 62% and 64% of our revenue, respectively, while transactional clients accounted for 30%, 38% and 36% of our revenue, respectively.

Our revenue consists of the prices paid by our clients for printed products. These prices, in turn, reflect the amounts charged to us by our suppliers plus our gross profit. Our gross profit margin, in the case of some of our enterprise clients, is fixed by contract or, in the case of transactional clients, is negotiated on a job-by-job basis. Once either type of client accepts our pricing terms, the selling price is established and we procure the product for our own account in order to re-sell it to the client. We take full title and risk of loss for the product upon shipment. The finished product is typically shipped directly from our supplier to a destination specified by our client. Upon shipment, our supplier invoices us for its production costs and we invoice our client.

Because we have made several acquisitions in recent years, comparing our revenue results from year to year is complex. In an effort to make it easier for investors to compare our results in different periods, we are providing revenue information on our 2008 acquisitions. During 2008, we made five strategic acquisitions, etrinsic, Marketing-Out-of-the-Box, MediaLink Creative Solutions, Mikam Graphics and Origen Partners. Adding these operations to our existing business contributed $64.0 million of revenue in 2008. Additionally, our 2008 revenue includes 6% of organic growth. Our 2008 organic revenue growth illustrates our gain in market share in a reduced print spend environment.

Our revenue from enterprise clients tends to generate lower gross profit margins than our revenue from transactional clients because the gross profit margins established in our contracts with large enterprise clients are

 

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generally lower than the gross profit margins we typically realize in our transactional business. Although our enterprise revenue generates lower gross profit margins, our enterprise business tends to be as profitable as our transactional business on an operating profit basis because the commission expense associated with enterprise jobs is generally lower.

The print industry has historically been subject to seasonal sales fluctuations because a substantial number of print orders are placed for the year-end holiday season. We have historically experienced seasonal client buying patterns with a higher percentage of our revenue being earned in our third and fourth quarters. We expect these seasonal revenue patterns to continue.

Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit

Our cost of goods sold consists primarily of the price at which we purchase products from our suppliers. Our selling price, including our gross profit, in the case of some of our enterprise jobs, is based on a fixed gross margin established by contract or, in the case of transactional jobs, is determined at the discretion of the account executive or procurement manager within predetermined parameters. Our gross margins on our enterprise jobs are typically lower than our gross margins on our transactional jobs. As a result, our cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue for our enterprise jobs is typically higher than those for our transactional jobs. Our gross profit for 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $36.5 million, $73.4 million and $104.0 million, respectively.

Operating Expenses and Income from Operations

Our selling, general and administrative expenses consist of commissions paid to our account executives, compensation costs for our management team and procurement managers as well as compensation costs for our finance and support employees, public company expenses, and corporate systems, legal and accounting, facilities and travel and entertainment expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue were 14.1%, 16.6% and 19.0% in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The increase in 2008 as a percentage of revenue compared to 2007 is primarily the result of an increase of $3.5 million in our bad debt reserve and decreased revenue due to poor macroeconomic conditions in the fourth quarter of 2008.

We accrue for commissions when we recognize the related revenue. Some of our account executives receive a monthly draw to provide them with a more consistent income stream. The cash paid to our account executives in advance of commissions earned is reflected as a prepaid expense on our balance sheet. As our account executives earn commissions, a portion of their commission payment is withheld and offset against their prepaid commission balance, if any. Our prepaid commission balance was $1.1 million as of December 31, 2006, $1.3 million as of December 31, 2007 and $2.5 million as of December 31, 2008.

We agree to provide our clients with printed products that conform to the industry standard of a “commercially reasonable quality,” and our suppliers in turn agree to provide us with products of the same quality. In addition, the quotes we execute with our clients include customary industry terms and conditions that limit the amount of our liability for product defects. Product defects have not had a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We are required to make payment to our suppliers for completed print jobs regardless of whether our clients make payment to us. Our bad debt expense was approximately $314,000, $300,000 and $4.1 million in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

Our income from operations for 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $12.8 million, $23.2 million and $19.6 million, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when the product is shipped from a third party to the customer, which is when title transfers. In accordance with EITF Issue 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent,

 

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we recognize revenue on a gross basis, as opposed to a net basis similar to a commission arrangement, because we bear the risks and benefits associated with revenue-generated activities by: (1) acting as a principal in the transaction; (2) establishing prices; (3) being responsible for fulfillment of the order; (4) taking the risk of loss for collection, delivery and returns; and (5) marketing our products, among other things.

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the value assigned to the net tangible and identified assets of businesses acquired. Under SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and other Intangible Assets, goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment annually, or if certain circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142. We evaluate recoverability of goodwill using a two-step impairment test approach at the reporting unit level. In the first step, the fair value for the reporting unit is compared to its book value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the book value, a second step is performed, which compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill to the book value of the goodwill. The fair value for the goodwill is determined based on the difference between the fair values of the reporting units and the net fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities of such reporting units. If the fair value of the goodwill is less than the book value, the difference is recognized as an impairment. As of December 31, 2008, our goodwill balance was $68.2 million.

SFAS No. 142 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to the estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment when impairment indicators exist in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. Our intangible assets consist of customer lists, trade names, and non-compete agreements with account executives and are amortized on the straight-line basis. We believe the customer lists have ten to fifteen year useful lives, and we are amortizing the non-compete agreements over the terms of the agreements. As of December 31, 2008, the net balance of our intangible assets was $20.7 million.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We adopted Statement 157 on January 1, 2008 for our financial assets and financial liabilities. Statement 157 requires enhanced disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value. The adoption of FAS 157 did not have a material impact on our fair value measurements. As of December 31, 2008, our financial assets primarily relate to our auction rate securities.

We utilize the market approach to measure fair value for our financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.

Statement 157 includes a fair value hierarchy that is intended to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures. The fair value hierarchy is based on observable or unobservable inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

 

   

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

   

Level 2: Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs, which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

 

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Level 3: Inputs that are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

As of December 31, 2008, our investment in student loan auction-rate securities is our only Level 3 asset. The fair values of these securities are estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis. This analysis considers, among other items, the collateral underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, and the expectation of the next time the security is expected to have a successful auction.

In February 2007, the FASB issued FAS 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—including an amendment to FASB Statement No. 115,” which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. We adopted this statement as of January 1, 2008 and have elected to apply the fair value option to a put option relating to our auction rate securities.

Stock-Based Compensation

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of FAS 123(R), Share-Based Payments, using the prospective transition method and Black-Scholes as the option valuation model. Under the prospective transition method, we continued to account for nonvested equity awards outstanding at the date of adopting Statement 123(R) in the same manner as they had been accounted for prior to adoption. As a result, under APB No. 25, compensation expense is based on the difference, if any, on the grant date between the estimated fair value of our stock and the exercise price of options to purchase that stock. The compensation expense is then amortized over the vesting period of the stock options. As of December 31, 2006, all options granted under APB No. 25 had exercise prices which were equal to or exceeded fair value on the date of the grant and therefore no compensation expense was recorded.

Using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the assumptions set forth below, we recorded $1.1 million and $2.2 million in compensation expense, including $0.01 million and $0.8 million in compensation expense related to restricted stock grants, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. All stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of an estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate is based upon historical activity and is analyzed at least quarterly and as actual forfeitures occur.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of income data for the periods presented as a percentage of our revenue:

 

     Years ended December 31,  
       2006         2007         2008    

Consolidated statements of income data:

      

Revenue

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %

Cost of goods sold

   77.2     74.6     75.2  
                  

Gross profit

   22.8     25.4     24.8  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   14.1     16.6     19.0  

Depreciation and amortization

   0.7     0.8     1.1  
                  

Income from operations

   8.0     8.0     4.7  

Other income (expense)

   0.5     0.9     1.5  
                  

Income before income taxes

   8.5     8.9     6.2  

Income tax expense

   (3.3 )   (1.1 )   (2.4 )
                  

Net income

   5.2 %   7.8 %   3.8 %

 

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Comparison of years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007

Revenue

Our revenue increased by $130.6 million, or 45.3%, from $288.4 million in 2007 to $419.0 million in 2008. Our revenue growth reflects an increase in both our enterprise and transactional business. Our revenue from enterprise clients increased by $87.5 million, or 48.6%, from $180.2 million in 2007 to $267.7 million in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, we had 143 enterprise clients under contract compared to 116 enterprise clients under contract as of December 31, 2007. The increase in our enterprise business is the result of more deeply penetrating our existing enterprise accounts and adding new enterprise accounts during the year. Our revenue from transactional clients increased by $43.1 million, or 39.8%, from $108.2 million in 2007 to $151.3 million in 2008. This increase in revenue is largely the result of our ongoing efforts to hire or acquire experienced sales executives with existing books of business, which helped, in turn, drive this transactional business growth. We increased our number of account executives by 59, or 26.7%, from 221 as of December 31, 2007 to 280 as of December 31, 2008.

A component of our revenue during 2008 came from the five acquisitions made during the year. Adding these operations to our existing business contributed $64.0 million of revenue in 2008. Additionally, our 2008 revenue includes 6% of organic growth. Our 2008 organic revenue growth illustrates our gain in market share in a reduced print spend environment.

Cost of goods sold

Our cost of goods sold increased by $100.0 million, or 46.5%, from $215.0 million in 2007 to $315.0 million in 2008. The increase reflects the revenue growth during 2008. Our cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue increased from 74.6% in 2007 to 75.2% in 2008. The increase in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue is a result of our enterprise business generating lower gross profit as 64% of our revenue was generated through enterprise revenue in 2008 compared to 62% in 2008. Also contributing to the increase are new and not fully integrated acquisitions with lower margins with respect to which we have not fully leveraged our technology, supplier certification and sourcing processes.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue, which we refer to as gross margin, decreased from 25.4% in 2007 to 24.8% in 2008. The decrease is primarily the result of a higher concentration of our business coming from enterprise clients, which generate lower gross margins, and new and not fully integrated acquisitions with lower gross margins with respect to which we have not fully leveraged our technology, supplier certification and sourcing processes.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $31.7 million, or 66.0%, from $48.0 million in 2007 to $79.7 million in 2008. As a percentage of revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses increased from 16.6% in 2007 to 19.0% in 2008. The increase in 2008 as a percentage of revenue compared to 2007 is primarily the result of an increase of $3.5 million in our bad debt reserve and decreased revenue due to poor macroeconomic conditions in the fourth quarter of 2008.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $2.6 million, or 114.8%, from $2.2 million in 2007 to $4.8 million in 2008. The increase in depreciation expense is primarily attributable to purchases of computer hardware and software, equipment and furniture and fixtures as well as capitalization of costs of computer software for internal use. The increase in amortization expense is a result of the amortization of the intangible assets acquired in connection with our acquisitions.

 

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Income from operations

Income from operations decreased by $3.6 million, or 15.5%, from $23.2 million in 2007 to $19.6 million in 2008. As a percentage of revenue, income from operations decreased from 8.0% in 2007 to 4.7% in 2008. The decrease in income from operations as a percentage of revenue is a result of a decrease in our gross profit margin as well as an increase in our selling, general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization expenses as a percentage of revenue.

Other income and expense

Other income and expense increased by $3.8 million, or 141.3%, from $2.7 million in 2007 to $6.4 million in 2008. The significant increase is due to the sale of a portion of the shares we hold in Echo Global Logistics, Inc., a related party. In May 2008, we sold 500,000 shares of common stock in Echo to a related party for $4.7 million in net cash and, in September 2008, we sold 150,000 shares of common stock in Echo to another related party for $1.5 million in net cash. The gain on the sales was $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.

Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes increased by $6.7 million, or 200.7%, from $3.4 million in 2007 to $10.1 million in 2008. In 2007, the provision for federal and state income taxes was $3.4 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 13.0%. In 2008, the provision for federal and state income taxes was $10.1 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 38.8%. The increase in effective tax rate is the result of the 2007 reversal of the $6.6 million valuation allowance recorded initially in January 2006. Excluding the reversal of the $6.6 million valuation allowance, the 2007 effective tax rate would have been 38.5%. Periodically, we reviewed the continuing need for the valuation allowance based on the factors existing at the time of review. We evaluated this valuation allowance as of December 31, 2007 and determined that the full valuation allowance was no longer needed.

Net income

Net income decreased by $6.6 million, or 29.1%, from $22.5 million in 2007 to $16.0 million in 2008. Net income as a percentage of revenue decreased from 7.8% in 2007 to 3.8% in 2008. The decrease in net income as a percentage of revenue is due to an increase in our cost of goods sold, selling, general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization expenses, and income tax expense as a percentage of revenue, offset by the gain on the sales of Echo shares.

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006

Revenue

Our revenue increased by $127.9 million, or 79.7%, from $160.5 million in 2006 to $288.4 million in 2007. Our revenue growth reflects an increase in both our enterprise and transactional business. Our revenue from enterprise clients increased by $67.6 million, or 60.0%, from $112.6 million in 2006 to $180.2 million in 2007. As of December 31, 2007, we had 116 enterprise clients under contract compared to 92 enterprise clients under contract as of December 31, 2006. The increase in our enterprise business is the result of more deeply penetrating our existing enterprise accounts and adding new enterprise accounts during the year. Our revenue from transactional clients increased by $60.3 million, or 125.8%, from $47.9 million in 2006 to $108.2 million in 2007. This increase in revenue is largely the result of our ongoing efforts to hire or acquire experienced sales executives with existing books of business, which helped, in turn, drive this transactional business growth. We increased our number of account executives by 68, or 44.4%, from 153 as of December 31, 2006 to 221 as of December 31, 2007. Additionally, a component of our revenue during 2007 came from the six acquisitions made during the year. Adding these operations to our existing business contributed $31.8 million of revenue in 2007.

 

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Cost of goods sold

Our cost of goods sold increased by $91.1 million, or 73.5%, from $124.0 million in 2006 to $215.0 million in 2007. The increase reflects the revenue growth during 2007. Our cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue decreased from 77.2% in 2006 to 74.6% in 2007. The decrease in cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue is a result of our transactional business generating higher gross profit as 38% of our revenue was generated through transactional revenue in 2007 compared to 30% in 2006. Additionally, we have cash discount terms for early payment with many of our suppliers, which we utilized, thereby reducing our cost of goods sold.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit as a percentage of revenue, which we refer to as gross margin, increased from 22.8% in 2006 to 25.4% in 2007. The increase is the result of a greater percentage of our revenue coming from transactional business during 2007, which typically has higher gross margins, as well as early payment discounts with many of our key suppliers.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Commission expense increased by $7.8 million, or 88.3%, from $8.8 million in 2006 to $16.6 million in 2007. As a percentage of revenue, commission expense increased from 5.5% in 2006 to 5.7% in 2007. The increase is a result of a higher percentage of our revenue being generated from transactional business, which typically results in higher commission expense to the account executives.

General and administrative expense increased by $17.5 million, or 126.4%, from $13.9 million in 2006 to $31.4 million in 2007. General and administrative expense increased as a percentage of revenue from 8.6% in 2006 to 10.9% in 2007. The increase is primarily due to an increase in salaries and benefits as a percentage of revenue, which increased from 5.2% in 2006 to 6.6% in 2007. This increase is a result of continuing to invest in key personnel dedicated to the growth of the business, including sales management and strategic sourcing. Additionally, we have increased salaries and benefits through our recent acquisitions. Finally, our legal and accounting fees increased as a result of being a public company for all of 2007.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $1.2 million, or 115.1%, from $1.0 million in 2006 to $2.2 million in 2007. The increase in depreciation expense is primarily attributable to purchases of computer hardware and software, equipment and furniture and fixtures as well as capitalization of costs of computer software for internal use. The increase in amortization expense is a result of the amortization of the intangible assets acquired in connection with our acquisitions.

Income from operations

Income from operations increased by $10.3 million, or 80.6%, from $12.8 million in 2006 to $23.2 million in 2007. As a percentage of revenue, income from operations was consistent in 2006 and 2007.

Other income and expense

Other income and expense increased by $1.9 million from $775,000 in 2006 to $2.7 million in 2007. The significant increase is due to an increase in interest income from $949,000 in 2006 to $2.3 million in 2007. The increase in interest income is largely the result of the capital raised in connection with our initial public offering and follow-on offering. As a result of the initial public offering completed in August 2006, we sold 7,060,000 shares of our common stock with net proceeds to us, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, professional fees, preference payments, dividend payments and repayment of outstanding indebtedness under our line of credit, of approximately $47.8 million. As a result of the follow-on offering

 

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completed in January 2007, we sold 3,000,000 shares of our common stock with net proceeds to us, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering related expenses, of approximately $37.8 million. These proceeds were used to fund acquisitions, with a portion invested in money market funds and auction-rate securities.

Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes decreased by $2.0 million from $5.3 million in 2006 to $3.4 million in 2007. In 2006, the provision for federal and state income taxes was $5.3 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 39.2%. In 2007, the provision for federal and state income taxes was $3.4 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 13.0%. The decrease in effective tax rate is the result of the reversal of the $6.6 million valuation allowance recorded initially in January 2006. Periodically, we reviewed the continuing need for the valuation allowance based on the factors existing at the time of review. We evaluated this valuation allowance as of December 31, 2007 and determined that the full valuation allowance was no longer needed.

In 2006, we used $40 million of the $50 million we received in exchange for the issuance of our Series E preferred stock to redeem Class A common shares held by our existing stockholders in connection with our conversion from a limited liability company to a corporation. The cash distribution was taxable to our stockholders and, because the redemption was done when the company was an LLC, it resulted in a $34.0 million step-up in the basis of our assets for tax purposes. As a result of the $34.0 million step-up, we recognized a deferred tax asset of $13.2 million, for which we recorded a valuation allowance of $6.6 million and a corresponding net increase to additional paid in capital of $6.6 million. This valuation allowance of $6.6 million was reversed as a result of the evaluation we performed during the fourth quarter of 2007.

Net income

Net income increased by $14.2 million, or 171.8%, from $8.3 million in 2006 to $22.5 million in 2007. Net income as a percentage of revenue increased from 5.2% in 2006 to 7.8% in 2007. The increase in net income as a percentage of revenue is largely a result of improved gross profit margins partially offset by an increase in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue.

Quarterly Results of Operations

The following table represents unaudited statement of operations data for our most recent eight fiscal quarters. You should read the following table in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations of any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

 

     Three months ended
     Mar. 31,
2007 (1)
   Jun. 30,
2007
   Sept. 30,
2007 (2)
   Dec. 31,
2007 (3)
   Mar. 31,
2008
   Jun. 30,
2008 (4)(7)
   Sept. 30,
2008 (5)(8)
   Dec. 31,
2008 (6)(9)
     (unaudited)
     (in thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenue

   $ 58,936    $ 67,307    $ 72,150    $ 90,038    $ 87,192    $ 105,346    $ 122,016    $ 104,462

Gross profit

     14,406      17,226      18,344      23,412      21,568      25,778      29,475      27,200

Net income

     2,662      3,821      4,027      11,994      3,858      6,105      5,679      311

Net income per share of common stock:

                       

Basic

   $ 0.06    $ 0.08    $ 0.08    $ 0.25    $ 0.08    $ 0.13    $ 0.12    $ 0.01

Diluted

   $ 0.05    $ 0.08    $ 0.08    $ 0.24    $ 0.08    $ 0.12    $ 0.12    $ 0.01

 

(1) The Company acquired Spectrum Printing Services in March 2007 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning March 1, 2007.

 

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(2) The Company acquired Brown + Partners, Inc. in July 2007 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning July 1, 2007.
(3) The Company acquired Data Flow Media Systems, LP and Graphic Resource Group, Inc. in October 2007 and financial results of these acquisitions are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning October 1, 2007. The Company acquired Corporate Edge in December 2007 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning December 1, 2007.
(4) The Company acquired etrinsic in May 2008 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning May 1, 2008.
(5) The Company acquired Marketing-Out-of-the-Box and MediaLink Creative Solutions in July 2008 and financial results of these acquisitions are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning July 1, 2008. The Company acquired Mikam Graphics in August 2008 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning August 1, 2008.
(6) The Company acquired Origen Partners in October 2008 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning October 1, 2008.
(7) The Company sold 500,000 shares of common stock in Echo Global Logistics, Inc. in May 2008 for $4.7 million in net cash.
(8) The Company sold 150,000 shares of common stock in Echo Global Logistics, Inc. in September 2008 for $1.5 million in net cash.
(9) The decrease in net income for the three months ended December 31, 2008 is primarily the result of an increase in the Company’s bad debt reserve and a decrease in revenue due to poor macroeconomic conditions in the fourth quarter of 2008.

Impact of Inflation

We believe that our results of operations are not materially impacted by moderate changes in the inflation rate. Inflation and changing prices did not have a material impact on our operations in 2006, 2007 or 2008.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2008, we had $4.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and $13.2 million in auction-rate securities. The auction-rate securities are variable rate debt instruments, having long-term maturity dates (typically 15 to 40 years), but whose interest rates are reset through an auction process, most commonly at intervals of seven, 28 and 35 days. In mid-February 2008, liquidity issues in the global credit markets resulted in the failure of auctions, involving substantially all of the auction-rate securities we hold. Substantially all of our auction-rate securities are backed by pools of student loans guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education, and all were rated AAA/Aaa as of December 31, 2007. In October 2008, we entered into an agreement with UBS regarding our outstanding auction-rate securities. Under the agreement, we have the right to sell all of our outstanding auction-rate securities back to UBS at their par value. The agreement allows us to exercise this right starting June 30, 2010, and the right will expire on July 2, 2012. As a result of this agreement, we reclassified our auction-rate securities from marketable securities to long-term investments.

Operating Activities.    Cash provided by (used in) operating activities primarily consists of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items including depreciation and amortization and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities. Cash provided by operating activities in 2008 was $12.6 million and primarily reflected net income of $16.0 million and $3.5 million of non-cash items offset by $6.8 million used to fund working capital and other activities. The most significant impact on working capital and other activities consisted of an increase in accounts receivable of $21.6 million due to revenue growth and a decline in macroeconomic conditions offset by an increase in accounts payable of only $9.2 million and a decrease in unbilled revenue of $15.4 million.

In 2007, cash provided by operating activities was $8.1 million and primarily reflected net income of $22.5 million offset by $2.1 million of non-cash items and $12.3 million used to fund working capital and other activities. The most significant impact on working capital and other activities consisted of an increase in accounts

 

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receivable of $19.6 million due to revenue growth with an increase in accounts payable of only $13.1 million due to our decision to take advantage of discount opportunities with many of our suppliers by accelerating payments.

Investing Activities.    Cash used in investing activities in 2008 of $45.4 million was attributable to the proceeds from the sale of marketable securities of $2.1 million and proceeds from the sale of a portion of our Echo investment of $6.1 million, offset by $48.3 million of payments made in connection with our 2007 and 2008 acquisitions and capital expenditures of $5.4 million.

In 2007, cash used in investing activities of $44.2 million was attributable to purchases of marketable securities of $7.9 million with a portion of the net proceeds received from our follow-on offering, cash paid for acquisitions of $33.9 million and capital expenditures of $2.4 million.

Financing Activities.    Cash provided by financing activities in 2008 of $9.3 million was primarily attributable to the $42.6 million of borrowings under our revolving credit facility and $1.5 million from the tax benefit of options exercised, offset by $34.3 million for the repurchase of approximately 3.0 million shares of our outstanding common stock and $500,000 of deferred financing fees.

In 2007, cash provided by financing activities of $42.3 million was primarily attributable to the net proceeds received from our follow-on offering, after underwriting discounts, commissions and offering related expenses, of approximately $37.8 million and the tax benefit of stock options exercised of $4.6 million, offset slightly by approximately $0.1 million in principal payments made on capital lease obligations.

We have a $75.0 million revolving credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A that matures on May 21, 2011. We had $42.6 million in outstanding borrowings under this facility as of December 31, 2008. Outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility are guaranteed by our material domestic subsidiaries and interest is payable at the adjusted LIBOR rate or the alternate base rate, as elected by us. The terms of the revolving credit facility include various covenants, including covenants that require us to maintain a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. As of December 31, 2008, we were not in violation of any of these various covenants. Outstanding borrowings may be used for general corporate and working capital purposes of the Company and our subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, for permitted acquisitions, for capital expenditures and for restricted payments, including the repurchase of shares of our common stock, as permitted pursuant to the terms of the agreement.

We will continue to utilize cash to fund acquisitions of or make strategic investments in complementary businesses and to expand our sales force. Although we can provide no assurances, we believe that our available cash and cash equivalents and amounts available under our revolving credit facility should be sufficient to meet our working capital and operating expenditure requirements for the foreseeable future. Thereafter, we may find it necessary to obtain additional equity or debt financing. In the event additional financing is required, we may not be able to raise it on acceptable terms or at all.

Contractual Obligations

As of December 31, 2008, we had the following contractual obligations:

 

     Payments due by period
     Total    Less than
1 year
   1-3
years
   3-5
years
   More than
5 years
     (in thousands)

Capital lease obligations

   $ 309    $ 150    $ 159    $ —      $ —  

Operating lease obligations

     14,529      3,950      5,645      3,107      1,827

Revolving credit facility

     42,590      42,590      —        —        —  

Due to seller

     684      684      —        —        —  
                                  

Total

   $ 58,112    $ 47,374    $ 5,804    $ 3,107    $ 1,827
                                  

This table does not include contingent obligations related to any acquisitions as these payments are payable contingent upon the achievement of future performance measures not known at this time. See “Recent Developments.”

 

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations, or Statement 141(R). Statement 141(R) retains the fundamental requirements of the original pronouncement requiring that the purchase method be used for all business combinations. Statement 141(R) defines the acquirer as the entity that obtains control of one or more businesses in the business combination, establishes the acquisition date as the date the acquirer achieves control and requires the acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest at their fair values as of the acquisition date. Statement 141(R) also requires, among other things, that acquisition-related costs be recognized separately from the acquisition. We are required to adopt Statement 141(R) prospectively for business combinations on or after January 1, 2009. Assets and liabilities that arose from business combinations prior to January 1, 2009 are not affected by the adoption of Statement 141(R).

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Commodity Risk

We are dependent upon the availability of paper, and paper prices represent a substantial portion of the cost of our products. The supply and price of paper depend on a variety of factors over which we have no control, including environmental and conservation regulations, natural disasters and weather. We believe a 10% increase in the price of paper would not have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated statements of income or cash flows, as these costs are generally passed through to our clients.

Interest Rate Risk

We have exposure to changes in interest rates on our revolving credit facility. Interest is payable at the adjusted LIBOR rate or the alternate base. Assuming the $75.0 million revolving credit facility was fully drawn, a 1.0% increase in the interest rate would increase our annual interest expense by $750,000. The terms of the revolving credit facility include various covenants, including covenants that require us to maintain a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. Outstanding borrowings may be used for general corporate and working capital purposes in the ordinary course of business, for permitted acquisitions, for capital expenditures and for restricted payments, including the repurchase of shares of our common stock, as permitted pursuant to the terms of the agreement.

Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, in particular because all of our investments are in cash equivalents and marketable securities.

Foreign Currency Risk

A portion of our sales and earnings are attributable to operations conducted outside of the United States. The United States dollar value of sales and earnings of these operations varies with currency exchange rate fluctuations.

We do not use derivative financial instruments.

 

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND

FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

 

INNERWORKINGS, INC.:    

Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

  37  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

  38  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

  39  

Consolidated Balance Sheets

  40  

Consolidated Statements of Income

  41  

Consolidated Statements of Members’ Equity/Stockholders’ Equity

  42  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

  43  

Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements

  44  

 

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MANAGEMENT’S ASSESSMENT OF

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The financial statements were prepared by management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity and for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

 

  i. pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

 

  ii. provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

 

  iii. provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurances with respect to financial statement preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal controls may vary over time.

Management assessed the design and effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework.

Based on management’s assessment using those criteria, as of December 31, 2008, management believes that the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting are effective.

Ernst & Young, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the financial statements of the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. Their reports are presented on the following pages.

InnerWorkings, Inc.

March 4, 2009

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders

of InnerWorkings, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of InnerWorkings, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of InnerWorkings, Inc. at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), InnerWorkings Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 4, 2009, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Chicago, IL

March 4, 2009

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The Board of Directors and Shareholders

of InnerWorkings, Inc.

We have audited InnerWorkings, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). InnerWorkings, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, InnerWorkings, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Innerworkings, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008 of InnerWorkings, Inc. and our report dated March 4, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Chicago, IL

March 4, 2009

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

     December 31,
2007
    December 31,
2008
 

Assets

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 26,716,239     $ 4,011,855  

Marketable securities

     17,975,000       —    

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,343,294 and $5,045,059, respectively

     77,280,954       73,628,112  

Unbilled revenue

     12,432,916       27,802,667  

Inventories

     5,455,083       7,539,870  

Prepaid expenses

     6,653,493       9,257,086  

Advances to related parties

     11,931       28,283  

Deferred income taxes

     266,625       1,881,354  

Other current assets

     2,621,990       6,171,916  
                

Total current assets

     149,414,231       130,321,143  

Property and equipment, net

     5,468,597       8,112,656  

Intangibles and other assets:

    

Goodwill

     30,522,709       68,176,168  

Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $1,511,698 and $3,274,425, respectively

     10,632,761       20,652,370  

Auction rate securities

     —         13,236,041  

Deposits

     366,850       458,270  

Investment

     125,000       84,375  

Deferred income taxes

     10,278,685       9,664,474  

Other assets

     24,397       3,116,819  
                
     51,950,402       115,388,517  
                

Total assets

   $ 206,833,230     $ 253,822,316  
                

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

    

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable-trade

   $ 46,017,853     $ 54,084,430  

Advances from related parties

     103,322       53,176  

Current maturities of capital lease obligations

     67,503       123,040  

Revolving credit facility

     —         42,589,679  

Due to seller

     —         684,178  

Customer deposits

     6,203,377       6,777,265  

Other liabilities

     1,737,622       5,656,103  

Accrued expenses

     5,110,993       9,971,423  
                

Total current liabilities

     59,240,670       119,939,294  

Capital lease obligations, less current maturities

     147,481       144,993  
                

Total liabilities

     59,388,151       120,084,287  

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, 47,982,760 and 45,344,448 shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively

     480       453  

Additional paid-in capital

     163,854,365       167,729,745  

Treasury stock at cost

     (40,000,000 )     (74,307,200 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     44,343       816,045  

Retained earnings

     23,545,891       39,498,986  
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     147,445,079       133,738,029  
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 206,833,230     $ 253,822,316  
                

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

InnerWorkings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Income

 

     Years ended December 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  

Revenue

   $ 160,514,987     $ 288,431,279     $ 419,016,715  

Cost of goods sold

     123,968,796       215,043,482       314,995,872  
                        

Gross profit

     36,546,191       73,387,797       104,020,843  

Operating expenses:

      

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

     22,675,423       47,981,962       79,654,824  

Depreciation and amortization

     1,029,968       2,215,543       4,760,819  
                        

Income from operations

     12,840,800       23,190,292       19,605,200  

Other income (expense):

      

Gain on sale of investment

     —         —         6,098,159  

Interest income

     949,036       2,266,515       853,902  

Interest expense

     (168,784 )     (56,260 )     (683,423 )

Other, net

     (5,242 )     460,861       175,925  
                        

Total other income

     775,010       2,671,116       6,444,563  
                        

Income before taxes

     13,615,810       25,861,408       26,049,763  

Income tax expense

     5,335,374       3,357,334       10,096,668  
                        

Net income

     8,280,436       22,504,074       15,953,095  

Dividends on preferred shares

     (1,408,740 )     —         —    
                        

Net income applicable to common shareholders

   $ 6,871,696     $ 22,504,074     $ 15,953,095  
                        

Basic earnings per share

   $ 0.22     $ 0.47     $ 0.34  

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 0.21     $ 0.45     $ 0.32  

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

InnerWorkings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

 

    Common A     Class B Preferred     Series E Preferred     Common Stock     Treasury Stock     Member
Receivable
    Addi-
tional
Paid-In-
Capital
    Accumulated
Other
Compre-
hensive
Gain
(Loss)
    Retained
Earnings
(Deficit)
       
    Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     Shares   Amount             Total  

Balance at January 1, 2006

  31,926,375     $ 2,635,091     937,500     $ 770,625     —         —       —         —       —       —       $ (188,469 )   $ 46,500       —       $ (2,011,599 )   $ 1,252,148  

Net income

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         —         8,280,436       8,280,436  

Other comprehensive income:

                             

Unrealized loss on marketable securities

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         (20,245 )       (20,245 )
                                   

Total other comprehensive income

                  —             (20,245 )       (20,245 )

Total comprehensive income

                  —                 8,260,191  

Issuance of Preferred shares

  —         —       —         —       10,167,730       49,305,973     —         —       —       —         —         —         —         —         49,305,973  

Issuance of Common A shares

  254,065       1,250,000     —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         —         —         1,250,000  

Exercise of stock options

  202,833       110,717     —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         —         —         110,717  

Repurchase of Common A shares

  (8,134,184 )     —       —         —       —         —       —         —       8,134,184     (40,000,000 )     —         —         —         —         (40,000,000 )

Conversion to C Corp

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         (2,011,599 )     —         2,011,599       —    

Tax benefit derived from stock option exercises

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         370,213       —         —         370,213  

Record tax basis intangible resulting from share purchase

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         6,603,203       —         30,807       6,634,010  

Repayment of member receivable

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         188,469       —         —         —         188,469  

Preferred Series D accretion

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         —         (167,031 )     (167,031 )

Initial public offering proceeds

  —         —       —         —       —         —       7,060,000       71     —       —         —         55,811,303       —         —         55,811,374  

Preference payments on preferred shares

  —         —       —         —       —         —           —       —       —         —         —         —         (5,500,000 )     (5,500,000 )

Preferred Series B and E dividends

  —         —       —         (20,625 )   —         —           —       —       —         —         —         —         (1,408,740 )     (1,429,365 )

Distributions on Common A shares

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         —         (193,655 )     (193,655 )

Stock based compensation expense

  —         —       —         —       —         —           —       —       —         —         561,470       —         —         561,470  

Conversion of Preferred Series D

  —         —       —         —       —         —       1,600,000       16             4,999,984           5,000,000  

Conversion to Common Stock

  (24,249,089 )     (3,995,808 )   (937,500 )     (750,000 )   (10,167,730 )     (49,305,973 )   35,354,319       353     —       —         —         54,051,428       —         —         —    
                                                                                                           

Balance at December 31, 2006

  —       $ —       —       $ —       —       $ —       44,014,319     $ 440     8,134,184   $ (40,000,000 )   $ —       $ 120,432,502     $ (20,245 )   $ 1,041,817     $ 81,454,514  

Net income

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         —         22,504,074       22,504,074  

Other comprehensive income:

                             

Unrealized gain on marketable securities

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         64,588       —         64,588  
                                   

Total other comprehensive income

                            64,588         64,588  

Total comprehensive income

                                22,568,662  

Proceeds from sale of public offering

  —         —       —         —       —         —       3,000,000       30     —       —         —         37,127,313       —         —         37,127,343  

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options

  —         —       —         —       —         —       968,441       10     —       —         —         624,756       —         —         624,766  

Tax benefit derived from stock option exercise

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         4,608,212       —         —         4,608,212  

Stock based compensation expense

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         1,061,582       —         —         1,061,582  
                                                                                                           

Balance at December 31, 2007

  —       $ —       —       $ —       —       $ —       47,982,760     $ 480     8,134,184   $ (40,000,000 )   $ —       $ 163,854,365     $ 44,343     $ 23,545,891     $ 147,445,079  

Net income

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         —         15,953,095       15,953,095  

Other comprehensive income:

                             

Unrealized loss on marketable securities

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         (69,926 )     —         (69,926 )

Foreign currency translation adjustment

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         —         841,628       —         841,628  
                                   

Total other comprehensive income

                            771,702         771,702  

Total comprehensive income

                                16,724,797  

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options

  —         —       —         —       —         —       404,817       4     —       —         —         228,920       —         —         228,924  

Purchase of treasury shares

  —         —       —         —       —         —       (3,043,129 )     (31 )   3,043,129     (34,307,200 )     —         —         —         —         (34,307,231 )

Tax benefit derived from stock option exercises

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         1,453,634       —         —         1,453,634  

Stock based compensation expense

  —         —       —         —       —         —       —         —       —       —         —         2,192,826       —         —         2,192,826  
                                                                                                           

Balance at December 31, 2008

  —       $ —       —       $ —       —       $ —       45,344,448     $ 453     11,177,313   $ (74,307,200 )   $ —       $ 167,729,745     $ 816,045     $ 39,498,986     $ 133,738,029  
                                                                                                           

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

InnerWorkings, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  

Cash flows from operating activities

      

Net income

   $ 8,280,436     $ 22,504,074     $ 15,953,095  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

      

Deferred income taxes

     883,483       (5,700,010 )     (1,000,518 )

Noncash stock compensation expense

     561,470       1,061,582       2,192,826  

Depreciation and amortization

     1,029,968       2,215,543       4,760,819  

Gain on sale of investment

     —         —         (6,098,159 )

Bad debt provision

     314,172       299,706       3,645,655  

Change in assets, net of acquisitions:

      

Accounts receivable

     (21,705,153 )     (19,589,734 )     21,598,224  

Unbilled revenue

     (1,163,217 )     (7,741,370 )     (15,369,751 )

Inventories

     (429,847 )     (925,966 )     431,414  

Prepaid expenses and other

     (1,191,010 )     2,657,455       (5,208,731 )

Change in liabilities, net of acquisitions:

      

Accounts payable

     4,519,009       13,059,337       (9,188,905 )

Advances to (from) related parties

     159,201       (24,838 )     (66,498 )

Customer deposits

     (2,888,180 )     3,903,062       (39,346 )

Accrued expenses and other

     1,916,727       (3,672,817 )     1,009,568  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     (9,712,941 )     8,046,024       12,619,693  

Cash flows from investing activities

      

Purchases of property and equipment

     (1,381,523 )     (2,431,804 )     (5,405,161 )

Sale of investment

     —         —         6,138,784  

Proceeds (purchase) of marketable securities

     (10,000,000 )     (7,930,657 )     2,080,377  

Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

     (10,741,738 )     (33,868,975 )     (48,252,227 )
                        

Net cash used in investing activities

     (22,123,261 )     (44,231,436 )     (45,438,227 )

Cash flows from financing activities

      

Principal payments on capital lease obligations

     (111,475 )     (81,195 )     (165,760 )

Deferred financing expense

     9,581       9,581       (526,574 )

Repayment of member receivable

     188,469       —         —    

Net repayments of note payable, bank

     (6,971,569 )     —         —    

Net borrowings from revolving credit facility

     —         —         42,589,679  

Payment of distributions

     (3,330,654 )     —         —    

Payment of dividends on preferred shares

     (1,646,136 )     —         —    

Preference payments on preferred shares

     (5,500,000 )     —         —    

Payments for share repurchase

     (40,000,000 )     —         (34,307,231 )

Issuance of shares

     106,477,977       37,752,109       228,924  

Tax benefit of stock options exercised

     370,213       4,608,212       1,453,634  
                        

Net cash provided by financing activities

     49,486,406       42,288,707       9,272,672  
                        

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     —         —         841,478  
                        

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     17,650,204       6,103,295       (22,704,384 )

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     2,962,740       20,612,944       26,716,239  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

   $ 20,612,944     $ 26,716,239     $ 4,011,855  
                        

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

      

Cash paid during the year for interest

     168,784       56,260       683,423  

Cash paid for income taxes

     3,060,718       4,263,621       5,868,330  

Non-cash investing activity

      

Purchase payments accrued for CoreVision acquisition

     1,436,000       —         —    

Purchase payments accrued for Applied Graphics acquisition

     185,000       —         —    

Purchase payments accrued for Brown + Partners acquisition

     —         —         684,178  

Non-cash financing activity

      

Unrealized (loss) gain on available for sale investments

     (20,245 )     64,588       (69,926 )

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

1. Description of the Business

InnerWorkings, Inc. (the Company) is a leading provider of print and promotional procurement solutions to corporate clients across a wide range of industries. By integrating the talent of the Company’s employees with its proprietary technology, an extensive supplier base and domain expertise, the company procures, manages and delivers printed products as part of a comprehensive outsourced enterprise solution.

The Company is organized and managed as a single business segment, print procurement services, and is viewed as a single operating segment by the chief operating decision maker for purposes of resource allocation and assessing performance.

On January 3, 2006, the Company completed its conversion to a corporate structure whereby InnerWorkings, LLC converted to InnerWorkings, Inc. As a result, each voting Class A common unit of the LLC converted to a fully paid share of Class A Common Stock, with a par value of $0.0001 per share. The non-voting Class A common units converted to a fully paid share of Class B Common Stock, with a par value of $0.0001 per share. In addition, each B and D preferred unit of the LLC converted to fully paid shares of Series B and Series D Preferred Stock, respectively, both with a par value of $0.0001 per share. In connection with the conversion, the undistributed losses as of the conversion date were classified to additional paid in capital.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of InnerWorkings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Preparation of Financial Statements and Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results can differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency for the Company’s foreign operations is the local currency. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated into U.S. currency at the rates of the exchange at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Income and expense items are translated at average monthly rates of exchange. Realized gains and losses from foreign currency transactions were not material.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FAS 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted

 

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Table of Contents

InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

 

accounting principles (GAAP) and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 157-b, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (FSP 157-b), which provides a one-year deferral of the effective date of FAS 157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed in the financial statements at fair value at least annually. In accordance with this interpretation, the Company has only adopted FAS 157 with respect to its financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value within the financial statements as of January 1, 2008. The adoption of FAS 157 did not have a material impact on the Company’s fair value measurements. The provisions of FAS 157 have not been applied to non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities.

In February 2007, the FASB issued FAS 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—including an amendment to FASB Statement No. 115,” which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The Company adopted this statement as of January 1, 2008 and has elected to apply the fair value option to a put option relating to its auction rate securities (refer to Note 4 for more information on auction rate securities). See Note 9 for additional information on fair value measurements.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when title transfers, which occurs when the product is shipped either from a third party to the customer or shipped directly from our warehouse to the customer. Unbilled revenue relates to shipments that have been made to customers for which the related account receivable has not yet been billed.

In accordance with EITF Issue 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent, the Company recognizes revenue on a gross basis, as opposed to a net basis similar to a commission arrangement, because it bears the risks and benefits associated with revenue-generated activities by: (1) acting as a principal in the transaction; (2) establishing prices; (3) being responsible for fulfillment of the order; (4) taking the risk of loss for collection, delivery and returns; and (5) marketing our products, among other things.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Marketable Securities

At December 31, 2007, the Company’s marketable securities included auction-rate securities, which are variable rate debt instruments, having long-term maturity dates (25 to 40 years), but whose interest rates are reset through an auction process, most commonly at intervals of seven, 28 and 35 days. The auction process is designed to provide a means by which these securities can be sold, and historically has provided a liquid market for them. In mid-February 2008, liquidity issues in the global credit markets resulted in the failure of auctions, involving substantially all of the auction-rate securities the Company holds. Substantially all of the Company’s auction-rate securities are backed by pools of student loans guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education, and all were rated AAA/Aaa as of December 31, 2007.

At December 31, 2007, the Company classified this investment as “available for sale” under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” Accordingly, the short-term investment is reported at fair value, with any related

 

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Table of Contents

InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

 

unrealized gains and losses included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses and interest and dividends are included in interest income.

In October 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with UBS regarding its outstanding auction-rate securities. Under the agreement, the Company has the right to sell all of its outstanding auction-rate securities back to UBS at their par value. The agreement allows the Company to exercise this right starting June 30, 2010 and the right will expire on July 2, 2012. At December 31, 2008, the Company has classified these investments as long-term. See Note 4 for more information on auction rate securities.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms. Invoices require payment within 30 to 90 days from the invoice date. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount billed to the customer. Customer account balances with invoices past due 90 days are considered delinquent. Interest is not accrued on outstanding balances.

The carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance that reflects management’s best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. Management individually reviews all accounts receivable balances and, based on an assessment of current creditworthiness, estimates the portion, if any, of the balance that will not be collected. Fully reserved receivables are reviewed on a monthly basis and uncollectible accounts are written off when all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by first-in, first-out method, and represents the lower of replacement cost or estimated realizable value. Inventories consist of purchased finished goods.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The estimated useful lives, by asset class, are as follows:

 

Computer equipment and software

   3 years

Furniture and fixtures

   5 years

Leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the related leases.

Internal Use Software

The Company has adopted the provisions of AICPA Statement of Position (SOP) 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. Accordingly, certain costs incurred in the planning and evaluation stage of internal use computer software are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized and included in property and equipment. Capitalized internal use software costs are depreciated over the expected economic life of three to five years using the straight-line method. Capitalized internal use software asset depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $321,524, $730,638 and $1,698,134, respectively. At December 31, 2007 and 2008, the net book value of internal use software costs were $2,515,983 and $5,288,892, respectively.

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

 

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if circumstances indicate a possible impairment may exist. For goodwill impairment test purposes, the Company has one reporting unit. The Company evaluates the recoverability of goodwill using a two-step impairment test. In the first step, the fair value for the Company is compared to its book value including goodwill. In the case that the fair value is less than the book value, a second step is performed which compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the book value of the goodwill. The fair value for the goodwill is determined based on the difference between the fair value of the Company and the net fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of the goodwill is less than the book value, the difference is recognized as an impairment. The Company has elected to test for goodwill impairment during the fourth quarter of each year and as a result of the 2008 analysis performed, no impairment charges are required.

The following is a summary of the goodwill balance as of December 31:

 

Balance as of December 31, 2006

   $ 9,738,559

Goodwill acquired related to 2007 acquisitions

     14,686,099

Finalization of purchase accounting for 2006 acquisitions

     6,098,051

Balance as of December 31, 2007

   $ 30,522,709

Goodwill acquired related to 2008 acquisitions

     31,418,436

Finalization of purchase accounting for 2007 and 2006 acquisitions

     6,235,023
      

Balance as of December 31, 2008

   $ 68,176,168
      

SFAS No. 142 also requires that intangible assets with finite lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment whenever impairment indicators exist. In accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets the Company evaluates the potential impairment of finite-lived acquired intangible assets when appropriate. If the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable based on a forecasted-undiscounted cash flow analysis, such asset would be reduced by the estimated shortfall of fair value to recorded value. The Company’s intangible assets consist of customer lists, noncompete agreements and trade names, which are being amortized on the straight-line basis over their estimated weighted-average useful lives of approximately 14 years, four years and twelve years, respectively.

Following is a summary of the intangible assets as of December 31:

 

     2007     2008     Weighted-
Average Life

Customer lists

   $ 11,082,459     $ 19,431,484     14.1 years

Noncompete agreements

     672,000       1,027,655     3.9 years

Trade names

     390,000       3,467,656     12.4 years
                  
     12,144,459       23,926,795    

Less accumulated amortization

     (1,511,698 )     (3,274,425 )  
                  

Intangible assets, net

   $ 10,632,761     $ 20,652,370    
                  

Amortization expense related to these intangible assets was $389,076, $885,860 and $1,762,727 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

 

The estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows:

 

2009

   $ 1,932,899

2010

     1,894,507

2011

     1,733,403

2012

     1,660,664

2013

     1,642,964

Thereafter

     11,787,933
      
   $ 20,652,370
      

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are classified in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

Investment

Investment consists of an investment in an affiliated company that the Company does not control and does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over such affiliated companies’ operations and financial policies. This investment is accounted for using the cost method.

Income Taxes

On January 3, 2006, as discussed in Note 7, the Company converted from an LLC to a “C” corporation. As a result of this conversion, the Company now accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS No. 109), under which deferred assets and liabilities are recognized based upon anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the carrying value of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Any change in the valuation allowance would be charged to income in the period such determination was made.

The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, or FIN 48, on January 1, 2007. The Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits at adoption and there was no effect on our financial condition or results of operations as a result of implementing FIN 48. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As the date of the adoption of FIN 48, the Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits, nor was any interest or penalties related to tax benefits recognized for the year ended December 31, 2008.

Based on the Company’s evaluation, it was concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in its financial statements. The evaluation was performed for the tax years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, the tax years which remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions as of December 31, 2008.

Advertising

Costs of advertising, which are expensed as incurred by the Company, were $134,091, $175,337 and $397,106 for each of the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

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Table of Contents

InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

 

Stock-Based Compensation

Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of FAS 123(R), Share-Based Payments, using the prospective transition method and Black-Scholes as the option valuation model. Under the prospective transition method, the Company continues to account for nonvested equity awards outstanding at the date of adopting Statement 123(R) in the same manner as they had been accounted for prior to adoption. As a result, under APB No. 25, compensation expense is based on the difference, if any, on the grant date between the estimated fair value of the Company’s stock and the exercise price of options to purchase that stock. The compensation expense is then amortized over the vesting period of the stock options. As of December 31, 2006, all options granted under APB No. 25 had exercise prices which were equal to or exceeded fair value on the date of the grant and therefore no compensation expense was recorded.

The Company issued 86,000 and 1,467,172 options during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. In addition, the Company granted 50,500 and 358,539 shares of nonvested shares to employees during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the assumptions listed below, the Company recorded $1,061,582 and $2,192,826, including $19,933 and $801,986 in compensation expense related to nonvested shares, for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. All stock-based compensation expense is recorded net of an estimated forfeiture rate. The forfeiture rate is based upon historical activity and is analyzed at least quarterly and as actual forfeitures occur.

The following assumptions were utilized in the valuation for options granted in 2007 and 2008:

 

     2007     2008  

Dividend yield

   —   %   —   %

Risk-free interest rate

   4.38%-5.05 %   2.92%-3.77 %

Expected life

   5 years     7 years  

Volatility

   33.5 %   33.5 %

 

3. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment at December 31, 2007 and 2008 consisted of the following:

 

     2007    2008

Computer equipment

   $ 1,099,011    $ 1,822,100

Software, including internal use software

     3,968,821      8,081,032

Furniture and fixtures

     1,980,663      1,791,295

Leasehold improvements

     632,275      1,145,715
             
     7,680,770      12,840,142

Less accumulated depreciation

     2,212,173      4,727,486
             
   $ 5,468,597    $ 8,112,656
             

Depreciation expense was $640,892, $1,329,683, and $2,862,294, for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Depreciation expense includes amortization of office furniture under capital leases of $70,254 for each of the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008.

 

4. Auction Rate Securities

During February 2008, liquidity issues in the global credit markets resulted in the failure of auctions, involving substantially all of the auction-rate securities (ARS) the Company holds.

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

4. Auction Rate Securities (Continued)

 

In October 2008, the Company entered into an agreement with UBS regarding its outstanding ARS. Under the agreement, the Company has the right to sell all of its outstanding ARS back to UBS at par value. The agreement allows the Company to exercise this non-transferable right starting June 30, 2010 and the right will expire on July 2, 2012. UBS also has the right to buy the ARS at par value from the Company at any time. By accepting this put option, the Company demonstrated it no longer has the intent to hold the related UBS-brokered ARS until they fully recover in value (including until contractual maturity, if necessary). Therefore, the decline of $2,588,656 in the fair value of the UBS-brokered ARS below their par value as of September 30, 2008 that was previously considered a temporary unrealized loss and included in other comprehensive income is now considered other-than-temporary and has been included in earnings as a realized loss, in accordance with SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.

The Company also changed the classification of the UBS-brokered ARS from available-for-sale securities to long-term investments and has recognized the fair value of the put option of $2,588,656 as an asset within other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and has recorded the resulting gain within other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The Company has elected the fair value measurement option under SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities, for this asset. See Note 9 for additional information on fair value measurements.

At December 31, 2008, the Company’s ARS portfolio which has a par value of $15,875,000 was carried at fair value of $13,236,041, with the related put option had a fair value of $2,588,656. In the absence of observable market data, the Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of its ARS and related put option at December 31, 2008. Refer to Note 9 for additional information on the fair value of auction rate securities and related put option.

 

5. Revolving Credit Facility

On May 21, 2008, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase, N.A that matures on May 21, 2011. The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in an initial aggregate principal amount of up to $75 million. Outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility are guaranteed by the Company’s material domestic subsidiaries. The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement and such domestic subsidiaries’ guaranty obligations are secured by substantially all of their respective assets. Interest is payable at the adjusted LIBOR rate or the alternate base rate, as elected by the Company. The terms of the revolving credit facility include various covenants, including covenants that require the Company to maintain a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. The borrowings may be used for general corporate and working capital purposes of the Company and its subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, for permitted acquisitions, for capital expenditures and for restricted payments, including the repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock, as permitted pursuant to the terms of the agreement. The Company had outstanding borrowings of $42.6 million at December 31, 2008.

 

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

During 2008, the Company assumed contractual operating lease obligations through acquisitions, which consisted primarily of operating leases for office space. The Company also has various capital leases that are collateralized by the respective underlying assets for furniture and fixtures that may be purchased for a nominal amount upon expiration of the leases at various dates through December 2010. Monthly payments range from $580 to $6,516. The cost and accumulated depreciation of the capital leases included in furniture and fixtures at December 31, 2008 was $491,779 and $259,216, respectively. Amortization of the related assets is included in depreciation and amortization in the accompanying statements of income.

 

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Table of Contents

InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

6. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

 

The Company recognizes rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $828,923, $2,275,497, and $4,284,125, respectively.

Minimum annual rental payments are as follows:

 

     Capital
Leases
   Operating
Leases

2009

   $ 149,990    $ 3,949,590

2010

     127,147      3,042,117

2011

     19,336      2,603,170

2012

     12,891      1,979,935

2013

     —        1,127,500

Thereafter

     —        1,826,804
             

Total minimum lease payments

     309,364    $ 14,529,116
         

Less amounts representing interest

     41,331   
         
   $ 268,033   
         

 

7. Income Taxes

On January 3, 2006, the Company converted from an LLC to a “C” corporation. As a result of this conversion, the Company now accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS No. 109), under which deferred assets and liabilities are recognized based upon anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. As a result of the $40,000,000 share redemption occurring in January 2006 (see Note 14), and as the Company redeemed the shares as a LLC, the tax basis of the Company increased resulting in the recognition of a deferred tax asset of $13,200,000, for which a valuation allowance of $6,600,000 was recorded with a corresponding net increase to additional paid in capital of $6,600,000. Annually, the Company reviews the continuing need for the valuation allowance based on the factors existing at the time of review. The Company evaluated this valuation allowance as of December 31, 2007 and as it was more likely than not that their existing deferred tax assets would be fully realized, the valuation allowance was reduced to zero.

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following components for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006    2007     2008  

Current

       

Federal

   $ 3,586,383    $ 7,701,037     $ 8,421,367  

State

     865,508      1,356,307       2,217,415  

Foreign

     —        —         458,404  
                       

Total current

     4,451,891      9,057,344       11,097,186  

Deferred

       

Federal

     755,817      (4,960,814 )     (535,342 )

State

     127,666      (739,196 )     (382,123 )

Foreign

     —        —         (83,053 )
                       

Total deferred

     883,483      (5,700,010 )     (1,000,518 )
                       

Income tax expense

   $ 5,335,374    $ 3,357,334     $ 10,096,668  
                       

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

7. Income Taxes (Continued)

 

The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 differs from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 35% to pretax income because of the effect of the following items:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2006    2007     2008  

Tax expense at U.S. federal income tax rate

   $ 4,629,375    $ 9,051,493     $ 9,117,417  

State income taxes, net of federal income tax effect

     655,495      1,039,314       1,211,489  

Reversal of valuation allowance

     —        (6,603,184 )     —    

Nondeductible (benefit) expenses and other

     50,504      (130,289 )     (232,238 )
                       

Income tax expense

   $ 5,335,374    $ 3,357,334     $ 10,096,668  
                       

At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,  
     2007     2008  

Current deferred tax assets:

    

Reserves and allowances

   $ 660,366     $ 2,435,691  

Other

     17,193       96,160  
                

Total current deferred tax assets

     677,559       2,531,851  

Noncurrent deferred tax assets:

    

Income tax basis in excess of financial statement basis in intangible assets

     11,513,634       10,768,868  

Stock options

     582,448       1,427,986  

Net operating loss carryforward

     325,507       312,114  

Foreign tax credit carryforward

     —         115,352  

Other

     —         55,312  
                

Total noncurrent deferred tax assets

     12,421,589       12,679,632  
                

Total deferred tax assets

     13,099,148       15,211,483  
                

Total current deferred tax liability:

    

Prepaid & other expenses

     (410,934 )     (650,497 )

Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities:

    

Fixed assets

     (1,112,794 )     (1,383,643 )

Intangible assets

     (1,030,110 )     (1,631,515 )
                

Total noncurrent deferred tax liabilities

     (2,142,904 )     (3,015,158 )
                

Total deferred tax liabilities

     (2,553,838 )     (3,665,655 )
                

Net deferred tax asset

   $ 10,545,310     $ 11,545,828  
                

Net current deferred tax asset

   $ 266,625     $ 1,881,354  

Net noncurrent deferred tax asset

     10,278,685       9,664,474  
                

Net deferred tax asset

   $ 10,545,310     $ 11,545,828  
                

In connection with the purchase of CoreVision, Inc., on September 1, 2006, the Company acquired $880,518 in net operating loss carryforwards. At December 31, 2008, $782,886 of losses remain outstanding for future use and will expire in 2025.

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

8. Acquisitions

2008 Acquisitions

etrinsic Acquisition

In May 2008, the Company acquired etrinsic, a provider of print management services. As a result of the acquisition, the Company established a strategic presence in the United Kingdom and added fifteen sales executives and their corresponding production teams. This acquisition will continue to support the Company’s geographic expansion objectives. The acquisition price was $6,901,181, including expenses directly related to the acquisition. In addition, there is up to approximately $5,900,000 in cash payable contingent upon the achievement of certain performance measures by etrinsic prior to April 30, 2011. Any contingent payments will be recorded as additional goodwill on the Company’s balance sheet. As the Company acquired the stock of etrinsic, there will be no goodwill deductible for tax purposes. The consolidated financial statements include the financial results of this acquisition beginning May 1, 2008.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition. The allocation of purchase price is based on preliminary estimates and assumptions and is subject to revision when valuation and integration plans are finalized. Accordingly, revisions to the allocation of purchase price, which may be significant, will be reported in a future period as increases or decreases to amounts previously reported.

 

Accounts receivable

   $ 7,517,821  

Property and equipment

     283,319  

Other current assets

     831,187  

Customer list

     2,853,424  

Trade name

     957,656  

Noncompete agreement

     357,655  

Goodwill

     3,726,747  

Accounts payable

     (5,152,878 )

Accrued expenses

     (1,762,264 )

Other liabilities assumed

     (2,711,486 )
        

Net purchase price

   $ 6,901,181  
        

MediaLink Creative Solutions Acquisition

In July 2008, the Company acquired MediaLink Creative Solutions, a provider of print services including the procurement and production management of printed and promotional products and related warehousing and fulfillment functions, located in Wisconsin. As a result of the acquisition, the Company established a strategic presence in the Wisconsin print market. This acquisition will continue to support the Company’s geographic expansion objectives. The acquisition price was $7,397,373, including expenses directly related to the acquisition. In addition, there is up to an additional $4,750,000 in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by MediaLink Creative Solutions by July 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2008, all goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. The consolidated financial statements include the financial results of this acquisition beginning on July 1, 2008.

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

8. Acquisitions (Continued)

 

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition. The allocation of purchase price is based on preliminary estimates and assumptions and is subject to revision when the valuation and integration plans are finalized. Accordingly, revisions to the allocation of purchase price, which may be significant, will be reported in a future period as increases or decreases to amounts previously reported.

 

Current assets (including cash acquired of $262,819)

   $ 1,442,627  

Inventories

     1,758,724  

Property and equipment

     106,502  

Customer list

     131,490  

Goodwill

     4,654,433  

Accounts payable

     (335,186 )

Other current liabilities

     (361,217 )
        

Net purchase price

   $ 7,397,373  
        

Marketing-Out-of-the-Box Inc. Acquisition

In July 2008, the Company acquired Marketing-Out-of-the-Box Inc., a provider of print services including the procurement and production management of printed and promotional products, located in Illinois. As a result of the acquisition, the Company broadened its strategic presence in the suburban Chicago area print market. The acquisition price was $6,863,356, including expenses directly related to the acquisition. In addition, there is up to an additional $5,833,333 in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Marketing Out-of-the-Box by June 30, 2011. As the Company acquired the stock of Marketing Out-of-the-Box, there will be no goodwill deductible for tax purposes. The consolidated financial statements include the financial results of this acquisition beginning on July 1, 2008.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition. The allocation of purchase price is based on preliminary estimates and assumptions and is subject to revision when the valuation and integration plans are finalized. Accordingly, revisions to the allocation of purchase price, which may be significant, will be reported in a future period as increases or decreases to amounts previously reported.

 

Current assets (including cash acquired of $2,430,170)

   $ 2,622,316  

Accounts receivable

     1,033,673  

Property and equipment

     16,069  

Customer list

     104,350  

Goodwill

     4,136,298  

Accounts payable

     (1,028,079 )

Other current liabilities

     (21,271 )
        

Net purchase price

   $ 6,863,356  
        

Mikam Graphics Acquisition

In August 2008, the Company acquired Mikam Graphics, a leader in the publishing industry that specializes in the procurement and management of printed and promotional products, located in New York. As a result of the acquisition, the Company continues to expand its geographic presence in the New York area print market and added six sales executives and their corresponding production teams. This acquisition will continue to support

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

8. Acquisitions (Continued)

 

the Company’s geographic expansion objectives. The acquisition price was $12,984,106, including expenses directly related to the acquisition. In addition, there is up to an additional $14,100,000 in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Mikam Graphics by July 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2008, all of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. The consolidated financial statements include the financial results of this acquisition beginning on August 1, 2008.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition. The allocation of purchase price is based on preliminary estimates and assumptions and is subject to revision when the valuation and integration plans are finalized. Accordingly, revisions to the allocation of purchase price, which may be significant, will be reported in a future period as increases or decreases to amounts previously reported.

 

Current assets (including cash acquired of $1,016,670)

   $ 1,228,143  

Accounts receivable

     4,303,108  

Property and equipment

     8,038  

Customer list

     472,881  

Goodwill

     12,691,611  

Accounts payable

     (4,418,380 )

Other current liabilities

     (1,301,295 )
        

Net purchase price

   $ 12,984,106  
        

Origen Partners Acquisition

In October 2008, the Company acquired Origen Partners, a leading print management firm specializing in point of purchase displays, signage and other in-store merchandising materials, located in Georgia. As a result of the acquisition, the Company continues to expand its geographic resources and added nine sales executives and their corresponding production teams. This acquisition will continue to support the Company’s geographic expansion objectives. The acquisition price was $7,420,899, including expenses directly related to the acquisition. In addition, there is up to an additional $14,000,000 in cash payable contingent on the achievement of certain performance measures by Origen Partners by September 30, 2012. As of December 31, 2008, all of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes. The consolidated financial statements include the financial results of this acquisition beginning on October 1, 2008.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition. The allocation of purchase price is based on preliminary estimates and assumptions and is subject to revision when the valuation and integration plans are finalized. Accordingly, revisions to the allocation of purchase price, which may be significant, will be reported in a future period as increases or decreases to amounts previously reported.

 

Current assets (including cash acquired of $342,179)

   $ 850,445  

Accounts receivable

     4,965,401  

Customer list

     1,746,880  

Goodwill

     6,209,347  

Accounts payable

     (4,045,364 )

Deferred revenue

     (852,000 )

Customer deposits

     (613,234 )

Other liabilities assumed

     (840,576 )
        

Net purchase price

   $ 7,420,899  
        

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

8. Acquisitions (Continued)

 

As of December 31, 2008, the Company has recorded restructuring liabilities of $486,609. The restructuring liabilities consist of $234,620 in severance packages issued to certain Origen Partners, etrinsic and Mikam Graphic employees upon termination and $251,989 for lease termination costs related to the Corporate Edge acquisition made in 2007. The Company anticipates that payments associated with these employee terminations will be made by the end of 2009 and all lease termination costs will be paid by the end of 2010.

The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the Company’s consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 as if the Company had acquired etrinsic, Marketing-Out-of the Box, Mikam Graphics, MediaLink and Origen Partners as of January 1, 2007.

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2008

Revenue

   $ 499,414,286    $ 492,080,242

Income from operations

     33,659,942      23,957,554

Net income

     27,289,487      17,388,839

Basic income per share

     0.58      0.37

Diluted income per share

     0.55      0.35

2007 and Prior Acquisitions

During 2008, the finalization of purchase accounting for the 2006 and 2007 acquisitions resulted in an increase in goodwill of $6,235,023. The increase is the result of earn-out payments made of $8,520,977, working capital adjustment payments of $1,381,237, change in net assets acquired of $239,746 and additional acquisition costs of $631,063. This increase in goodwill is offset by adjustments made to the Corporate Edge purchase price allocation based on an updated valuation report which resulted in an additional $4,538,000 being allocated to intangibles, with a corresponding reduction in goodwill.

 

9. Fair Value Measurement

As discussed in Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, the Company adopted Statement 157 on January 1, 2008 for their financial assets and financial liabilities. Statement 157 requires enhanced disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value. The Company’s financial assets primarily relate to their auction rate securities.

The Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.

Statement 157 includes a fair value hierarchy that is intended to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures. The fair value hierarchy is based on observable or unobservable inputs to valuation techniques that are used to measure fair value. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

 

   

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

   

Level 2: Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted

 

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9. Fair Value Measurement (Continued)

 

 

prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs, which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

 

   

Level 3: Inputs that are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. Upon adoption, the Company elected to measure and report a put option of $2,588,656 relating to its auction rate securities (refer to Note 4 for more information) at fair value in order to account for the put option on the same basis (measured at fair value through earnings) as the associated asset (the auction rate securities).

The Company’s investments in student loan auction-rate securities and the related put option are its only Level 3 assets. The fair values of these securities and related put option are estimated utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis as of December 31, 2008. This analysis considers, among other items, the collateral underlying the security investments, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, and the expectation of the next time the security is expected to have a successful auction. These securities were also compared, when possible, to other observable market data with similar characteristics to the securities held by the Company.

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the basis of measurement at December 31, 2008:

 

     Total Fair Value
Measurement
   Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
   Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
   Significant
Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)

Assets:

           

Corporate commercial paper

   $ 280,961    $ —      $ 280,961    $ —  

Auction rate securities (1)

     15,824,697      —        —        15,824,697
                           

Total assets

   $ 16,105,658    $ —      $ 280,961    $ 15,824,697
                           

Amounts included in:

           

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 280,961    $ —      $ 280,961    $ —  

Auction rate securities

     13,236,041      —        —        13,236,041

Other assets (1)

     2,588,656      —        —        2,588,656
                           

Total

   $ 16,105,658    $ —      $ 280,961    $ 15,824,697
                           

 

(1) Includes put option elected for the fair value measurement option under SFAS No. 159 and classified as Level 3.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

9. Fair Value Measurement (Continued)

 

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

 

     Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
 
     Auction rate
securities
    Put Option    Total  

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ 17,975,000     $ —      $ 17,975,000  

Bought during the period

     100,000       —        100,000  

Sold during the period

     (2,200,000 )     —        (2,200,000 )

(Losses) gains included in earnings

     (2,638,959 )     2,588,656      (50,303 )
                       

Balance at December 31, 2008

   $ 13,236,041     $ 2,588,656    $ 15,824,697  
                       

 

10. Share Repurchase Program

In May 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program allowing it to repurchase up to $50 million of its outstanding shares of common stock, exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses related to such repurchases, either: (1) in the open market (including through block purchases or tender offers), (2) through transactions in certain instruments or agreements that may be characterized as derivatives or (3) through privately-negotiated transactions, through December 31, 2009.

For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company repurchased approximately 3.0 million shares of common stock at an average price of $11.27 per share. Total cash consideration for the repurchased stock was $34.3 million. These repurchased shares are recorded as part of treasury stock.

 

11. Public Offerings

Initial Public Offering

In August 2006, the Company completed an initial public offering (IPO) in which 12,178,500 common shares were sold at a price to the public of $9.00 per share. 7,060,000 shares were sold by the Company and 5,118,500 shares were sold by the selling shareholders. The net proceeds to the Company from the IPO, after underwriting discounts, professional fees, preference payments, dividend payments and repayment of outstanding indebtedness under the line of credit, were approximately $47.8 million. In connection with the IPO, the Company recapitalized all of its outstanding shares of capital stock into shares of its common stock on a one-for-one basis.

Follow-On Offering

On January 18, 2007, the Company completed a follow-on public offering to sell shares of common stock to the public at an offering price of $13.50 per share, generating net proceeds to the Company of $37.8 million. As a result of the offering, 3,000,000 shares were sold by the Company and 5,000,000 shares were sold by the selling shareholders. An additional 451,379 shares of common stock were offered and sold by certain selling stockholders at a price of $13.50 upon exercise of stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $0.56 per share. The Company’s proceeds related to exercise of the related options were approximately $254,000. The Company has used the net proceeds of the follow-on offering to acquire or make strategic investments in complementary businesses and for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

 

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12. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average shares outstanding plus share equivalents that would arise from the exercise of share options, restricted stock and the conversion of preferred shares. During 2006, all outstanding preferred shares were converted to common shares in connection with the initial public offering completed in August 2006. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively, 236,000 and 1,813,653 options and nonvested shares were excluded from the calculation as these options were anti-dilutive.

The computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007, and 2008, is as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2006     2007    2008

Numerator:

       

Net income

   $ 8,280,436     $ 22,504,074    $ 15,953,095

Preferred stock dividends

     (1,408,740 )     —        —  
                     

Numerator for basic earnings per share

     6,871,696       22,504,074      15,953,095

Effect of dilutive securities:

       

Preferred stock dividends

     1,408,740       —        —  
                     
     1,408,740       —        —  
                     

Numerator for diluted earnings per share

   $ 8,280,436     $ 22,504,074    $ 15,953,095
                     

Denominator:

       

Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted-average shares

     31,711,974       47,459,481      47,137,002

Effect of dilutive securities:

       

Convertible preferred shares

     5,069,421       —        —  

Employee stock options and restricted common shares

     2,590,786       2,505,013      2,004,145
                     

Dilutive potential common shares

     7,660,207       2,505,013      2,004,145
                     

Denominator for dilutive earnings per share

     39,372,181       49,964,494      49,141,147
                     

Basic earnings per share

   $ 0.22     $ 0.47    $ 0.34

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 0.21     $ 0.45    $ 0.32

 

13. Stock-Based Compensation Plans

In January 2004, the Company adopted the 2004 Unit Option Plan providing for the issuance of stock options of Class A common stock. Under the Plan, the Company may issue options, at the discretion of the Board, to purchase Class A nonvoting member units. The Plan was administered by the Board of Managers who determined the exercise price of options, number of units to be issued, and the vesting period. As specified in the Plan, the exercise price per share shall not be less than the fair market value on the effective date of grant. The term of an option did not exceed ten years, and the options generally vest ratably over four years from the date of grant.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

13. Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Continued)

 

During the third quarter of 2006, the Company adopted the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the Plan). Upon adoption, the 2004 Unit Option Plan was merged into the Stock Incentive Plan and ceased to separately exist. Outstanding awards under the Unit Option Plan are now subject to the Stock Incentive Plan and no additional awards may be made under the Unit Option Plan on or after the effective date of the Stock Incentive Plan. A total of 1,000,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under the Plan. A summary of stock option activity is as follows:

 

     Outstanding
Options
    Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

Outstanding at December 31, 2005

   4,323,500     $ 0.55      495,045

Granted

   1,362,050       5.87      —  

Exercised

   (202,833 )     0.55      918,222

Forfeited

   (3,350 )     9.00      —  
                   

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

   5,479,367     $ 1.87    $ 77,204,309

Granted

   86,000       14.23      —  

Exercised

   (968,441 )     0.65      16,090,547

Forfeited

   (4,925 )     9.00      —  
                   

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

   4,592,001     $ 2.35    $ 67,880,897

Granted

   1,467,172       10.28      —  

Exercised

   (387,894 )     0.67      2,279,448

Forfeited

   (186,913 )     14.04      —  
                   

Outstanding at December 31, 2008

   5,484,366     $ 4.19    $ 19,153,470
                   

Options vested at December 31, 2008

   3,292,042     $ 1.44    $ 17,403,015
                   

In May 2006, the Company cancelled contingent options to purchase 300,000 shares of common stock previously granted to John R. Walter, the Chairman of the Board, and granted Mr. Walter new options to purchase 400,000 shares of common stock, and the Company cancelled contingent options to purchase 600,000 shares of common stock previously granted to Steven E. Zuccarini, the Chief Executive Officer, and granted Mr. Zuccarini new options to purchase 750,000 shares of common stock, in each case at an exercise price of $4.92 per share.

The cancellation of the outstanding contingent options and the related grant of new options was accounted for as a modification in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R). These options will vest ratably over six years. The Company calculates compensation expense under SFAS No. 123 (R) based on the Black-Scholes value of options at the time of grant and records compensation expense in equal amounts as the options vest. The Company engaged an independent valuation specialist to perform, contemporaneous with the granting of the above options, an appraisal of the fair market value of the common shares as of May 8, 2006. It determined the fair value to be $5.35 per share on that date.

As of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, there were 5,479,367, 4,592,001 and 5,484,366 options issued pursuant to the Plan, respectively. The options issued during 2006 have exercise prices ranging from $0.50 to $16.41, vest ratably from one to six years and have a weighted, average contractual life of 8.35 years. The options issued during 2007 have exercise prices ranging from $0.43 to $18.69, vest ratably from one to six years and have a weighted-average contractual life of 7.38 years. The options issued during 2008 have exercise prices

 

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13. Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Continued)

 

ranging from $0.50 to $16.41, vest ratably from one to six years and have a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 7.13 years.

Vested options totaled 3,639,667, 3,316,627 and 3,292,042 shares as of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding for 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $77.2 million, $67.9 million, and $19.2 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable for 2006, 2007, and 2008 was $56.1 million, $54.1 million and $17.4 million, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day each fiscal year and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. These amounts change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock which was $15.96, $17.26 and $6.55 on the last business day of the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2007 and 2008 was $14.23 and $10.28, respectively.

There was $4,702,444 and $10,430,384 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to the stock-based compensation granted under the Plans as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.92 and 3.46 years, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense recorded for fiscal 2007 and 2008 was $1,061,582 and $2,192,826, respectively. The following table summarizes information about all stock options outstanding for the Company as of December 31, 2008:

 

Options Outstanding

   Options Vested

Exercise Price

   Number
Outstanding
   Weighted
Average
Life
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   Number
Exercisable
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

$0.50 - $0.65

   2,583,390    5.75    $ 0.52    2,583,390    $ 0.52

$1.00 - $4.92

   1,381,608    7.25    $ 4.34    614,918    $ 3.62

$5.35 - $9.70

   694,446    9.69    $ 6.42    31,734    $ 7.91

$11.38 - $13.32

   419,093    9.47    $ 12.25    12,000    $ 13.32

$14.36 - $16.41

   405,829    8.73    $ 14.74    50,000    $ 15.67
                  
   5,484,366    7.13    $ 4.19    3,292,042    $ 1.44
                  

 

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13. Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Continued)

 

Nonvested Stock

Eligible employees receive nonvested shares as a portion of their total compensation. The nonvested shares vest over various time periods depending upon the grant, but generally vest from zero to five years and convert to common stock at the conclusion of the vesting period. The Company measures the compensation cost based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date. There was $676,967 and $3,270,044 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to the nonvested shares as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 4.91 and 3.44 years, as of December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 was approximately $19,000 and $802,000, respectively.

 

     Outstanding
Options
    Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair
Value

Nonvested, December 31, 2006

   —       $ —  

Granted

   50,500     $ 13.80

Vested and transferred to unrestricted common stock

   (500 )   $ 13.80
            

Nonvested, December 31, 2007

   50,000     $ 13.80

Granted

   358,539     $ 13.12

Vested and transferred to unrestricted common stock

   (16,923 )   $ 14.29

Forfeited

   (79,350 )   $ 14.41
            

Nonvested, December 31, 2008

   312,266     $ 12.82
            

 

14. Redeemable Preferred Shares and Members’ Equity

Class A Common Stock

The Company had authorized 31,926,375 common shares, which were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2005. In February 2004, the Company repurchased 2,400,000 Class A voting shares for $634,000. In January 2006, the Company issued 10,167,730 Series E preferred shares for $4.92 per share and used $40 million of the $50 million to redeem Class A common shares held by the existing shareholders. As a result of the initial public offering that was completed in August 2006, all outstanding shares were converted to common shares.

Class B Preferred Shares

The Company had authorized 937,500 Class B preferred shares, all of which were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2005, the Company had a receivable of $188,469 for proceeds to be received for the issuance of Class B shares. Class B preferred shares were entitled to receive a distribution preference over Class A shares at a rate of $.064 per Class B preferred in the first year and increasing $.08 per year to a maximum of $.096 per year, as defined in the agreement, which are payable quarterly in advance beginning on the date of issuance. Class B preferred shares were also entitled to a liquidation preference over the Class A common shares at a rate of $1.60 per Class B preferred share. Class B preferred shares were convertible at the option of each Class B preferred share in such a number of Class A voting common shares as is determined by dividing $.80 by the Class B conversion price, as defined in the agreement. The Class B conversion price shall initially be $.80, and then adjusted, as defined in the agreement. As a result of the initial public offering that was completed in August 2006, all outstanding preferred shares were converted to common shares. In addition, $39,577 of dividends were paid to the Series B shareholders in the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

14. Redeemable Preferred Shares and Members’ Equity (Continued)

 

Class C Preferred Shares

The Company had authorized 2,580,000 Class C preferred shares, all of which were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2004. The Class C preferred shares were entitled to receive preferential cumulative distributions payable in arrears on a quarterly basis at an annual rate of $.08 per unit, beginning subsequent to June 2003. No Class A or Class B holders would have been paid until all Class C distributions were satisfied. The Class C preferred shares also received a liquidation preference of $1.00 per Class C preferred share before any Class B or Class A members may have received any liquidation payments. Class C preferred shares were convertible automatically into shares of Class A voting common shares upon the consent of the majority of the outstanding Class C preferred shareholders or upon the filing of a registration on Form S-1 under the Securities Act of 1933, as defined in the agreement. The number of Class C preferred shares converted would have been in such a number of Class A voting common shares as was determined by dividing $1.00 by the Class C preferred conversion price in effect at the time of conversion. The Class C preferred conversion price was $1.00 initially, and then adjusted, as defined in the agreement. The Class C preferred share members of the Company had a put option effective March 31, 2008, that required the Company to purchase any such shares of Class C preferred shares held by the holder. The purchase price per Class C preferred share was equal to $1.00 per unit, plus interest computed at 15% per annum, noncompounded, less the amount of all distributions paid to the Class C preferred shareholders. The Company also had a call option on its Class C preferred shares any time after March 31, 2004, that required the holders of the Class C preferred shares to sell any or all shares held. The purchase price was equal to $1.00 per unit, plus interest computed at 15% per annum, noncompounded, less the amount of all distributions paid to the Class C preferred shareholders. In February 2005, the Company received $2,000,000 and 1,000,000 Class C units from a member in exchange for 450,000 Class A voting units and 960,000 Class D preferred units. In addition, in June 2005, the Class C shareholders elected to convert the remaining 1,580,000 Class C units into 1,580,000 Class A voting units.

Class D Preferred Shares

The Company had authorized 1,600,000 Class D preferred shares, all of which were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2005. The Class D preferred shares were entitled to preferential cumulative distributions payable in arrears on a monthly basis at an annual rate of $.375 per unit, beginning subsequent to August 2004. No Class A, Class B, or Class C holders shall be paid until all Class D holders’ distributions were satisfied. In addition, the Class D preferred shares were entitled to receive preferential distributions at an annual rate of $.09375 per unit payable in a lump sum upon the preference satisfaction date, as defined in the agreement. The Company was required under the original terms to pay the preference satisfaction amount, defined as the sum of the Class D preferred purchase price per share plus all accrued and unpaid dividends, in August 2008 (the preference satisfaction date), which could be extended to August 2009. If the preference satisfaction amount was distributed, each D Preferred Unit entitled its holder to all of the rights of an A Common Unit, and the preferential rights of each D Preferred Unit shall automatically terminate. In addition, if the preference satisfaction amount was distributed, the Class D holders would receive 100,000 A Common units. As the Class D preferred shares were mandatorily redeemable at a fixed date, these shares were classified as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2004, pursuant to SFAS No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity , and the related dividends were reflected as interest expense. In February 2005, the terms of the Class D preferred share were amended to remove the required payment date; the holders now have the right to demand redemption of the Class D preferred shares, no earlier than August 15, 2008, and no later than August 15, 2009 (the Final Preference Satisfaction Date). In the event the holders do not demand repayment, the Company shall immediately issue 200,000 Class A voting shares to the holders of the Class D preferred shares as additional consideration. The Class D preferred shares also

 

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14. Redeemable Preferred Shares and Members’ Equity (Continued)

 

receive a liquidation preference of $3.125 per share before any Class C, Class B, or Class A members receive any liquidation payments.

The Class D preferred stock (i) may, at the option of a holder, be converted into Class A common stock and (ii) will automatically convert into Class A common stock (1) upon the election of the holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Class D preferred stock or (2) upon the closing of a firmly underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, covering the offer and sale of common stock for the Company’s account. The number of shares of Class A common stock to which a Class D preferred stock holder is entitled upon conversion is calculated by multiplying the applicable conversion rate then in effect (currently 1.0) by the number of Class D preferred shares to be converted. As of December 31, 2004, 640,000 shares of Class A common stock and as of December 31, 2005, 1,600,0000 shares of Class A common stock would have been required to be issued upon the conversion of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Class D preferred stock. These shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, as the impact resulting from the conversion and dividends paid would be anti dilutive.

As a result of the initial public offering that was completed in August 2006, all outstanding preferred shares were converted to common shares. In addition, $343,118 of dividends and a $5,000,000 preference payment were paid to the Series D shareholders in the year ended December 31, 2006.

Class E Preferred Shares

In January 2006, the Company issued 10,167,730 shares of Series E units in exchange for $50,000,000 in cash. The Company retained $10,000,000 of the proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes, while the remaining $40,000,000 redeemed shares held by certain existing shareholders. The Series E preferred shares accrue preferential cumulative dividends at an annual rate of 4%. Series E preferred shares are also entitled to a liquidation preference over the other junior preferred and common stock shareholders an amount equal to 50% of the original purchase price per share plus any accrued but unpaid dividends. In addition, the Series E units shall be automatically converted into common stock with the consent of the Series E shareholders upon a firmly underwritten public offering of common shares at a public offering price no less than 1.75 times the original purchase price within 18 months of the closing and 2.00 times after 18 months and a total offering no less than $25,000,000.

The terms and conditions relating to the issuance of Series E preferred stock and related redemption transactions were determined through arms-length negotiations among the Series E preferred investors, the holders of a majority of the common shares and the Company. As part of the arms-length negotiations, the parties agreed that $40 million of the Series E investment would be used to redeem shares of common stock on a pro rata basis at $4.92 per share. In particular, the parties agreed on the ownership percentages that the shares of Series E preferred stock and common stock, each as a class, would represent in the Company on a post-transaction basis. This ownership percentage, rather than relative priority or dividend rights, was the key factor in determining the redemption price. To arrive at the appropriate ownership percentage for the holders of common stock, it was determined that $40 million of the Series E investment proceeds would redeem 8,134,184 shares of common stock at a redemption price of $4.92 per share. A redemption price of more or less than $4.92 per share would have resulted in the holders of common stock, as a class, owning a larger or smaller percentage of the Company, on a post-transaction basis, than was agreed to in the arms-length negotiations relating to the Series E investment.

As a result of the issuance of Series E units, the Company amended the Series B and Series D dividend rights. The dividend rights were amended to pay a cash dividend at the rate of 4% of the original issue price. In

 

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14. Redeemable Preferred Shares and Members’ Equity (Continued)

 

addition, the dividends shall be cumulative and accrue from and after the date of issuance. The dividends will only become payable upon the occurrence of certain events, including a liquidation event, conversion or redemption of the shares or if the Board declares them to be paid.

As a result of the Company’s initial public offering that was completed in August 2006, the 10,167,730 Series E preferred shares were converted into 10,167,730 shares of common stock. In addition, $1,263,441 of dividends and a $500,000 preference payment were paid to the Series E shareholders in the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

15. Significant Customer

Sales to a single, different customer made up approximately 14%, 12% and 9% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. All remaining revenue for the years ending December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, was made up of sales to customers less than 10%. The amount included in accounts receivable for this customer at December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was approximately $3,000,000, $1,900,000 and $1,200,000, respectively.

 

16. Benefit Plans

The Company adopted a 401(k) savings plan effective February 1, 2005, covering all of the Company’s employees upon completion of 90 days of service. Employees may contribute a percentage of eligible compensation on both a before-tax basis and after-tax basis. The Company has the right to make discretionary contributions to the plan. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the Company did not make any contributions to the plan.

 

17. New Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations, or Statement 141(R). Statement 141(R) retains the fundamental requirements of the original pronouncement requiring that the purchase method be used for all business combinations. Statement 141(R) defines the acquirer as the entity that obtains control of one or more businesses in the business combination, establishes the acquisition date as the date the acquirer achieves control and requires the acquirer to recognize the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest at their fair values as of the acquisition date. Statement 141(R) also requires, among other things, that transaction costs be charged to earnings and requires contingent consideration to be recorded at its fair value on the acquisition date. The Company will adopt Statement 141(R) prospectively for business combinations on or after January 1, 2009. Assets and liabilities that arose from business combinations prior to January 1, 2009 are not affected by the adoption of Statement 141(R).

 

18. Related Party Transactions

In February 2005, the Company acquired 2,000,000 shares of common stock of Echo Global Logistics, Inc. (Echo), a technology enabled transportation and logistics business process outsourcing firm, for $125,000. Echo is a related party to the Company as a majority of the members of the Company’s Board of Directors have a direct and/or indirect ownership interest in Echo. In May 2008, the Company sold 500,000 of its shares of common stock in Echo, or 25% of its holdings, for $4.7 million in net cash to the Company. The Company recorded a gain on sale of investment of $4.6 million as the investment was recorded at cost of $31,250. The

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

18. Related Party Transactions (Continued)

 

shares were purchased by Printworks Series E, LLC, an affiliate of the Nazarian family and a stockholder of the Company. In September 2008, the Company sold 150,000 of its shares of common stock in Echo for $1.5 million in cash to the Company. The Company recorded a gain on sale of investment of approximately $1.5 million as the investment was recorded at cost of $9,375. The shares were purchased by the Y&S Nazarian Family Foundation, an affiliate of the Nazarian family.

In November 2005, the Company entered into an agreement with Echo pursuant to which Echo sub-leased a portion of the Company’s office space in Chicago and paid 20% of the Company’s lease payments (and 25% of its overhead expenses) relating to this space. In January 2007, the Company amended the agreement and Echo agreed to pay 35% of the Company’s lease payments for this space for approximately $7,500 per month. This agreement expired in April 2007. Under this agreement, Echo paid the Company approximately $30,000 in lease payments for the four months ending April 2007. In June 2007, the Company entered into a new agreement with Echo pursuant to which it currently sub-leases a portion of the Company’s office space in Chicago and pays 29% of the Company’s lease payments and overhead expenses relating to this space. Echo paid the Company approximately $94,450, $165,000 and $232,000 in lease payments for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The Company has notified Echo that it intends to terminate the sub-lease agreement in the second half of 2009.

In the ordinary course, the Company also provides print procurement services to Echo. The total amount billed for such print procurement services during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were approximately $96,000, $77,000 and $140,000, respectively. In addition, Echo has provided transportation services to the Company. As consideration for these services, Echo billed the Company approximately $616,000 and $708,000 and $2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The net amount payable to Echo at December 31, 2008 was $24,893.

Effective October 1, 2006, the Company entered into a referral agreement with Echo pursuant to which Echo agreed to pay the Company a fee equal to 5% of Echo’s gross profit on transactions generated through the Company’s referral of new clients, subject to a $75,000 cap per year per client referred. Echo paid approximately $60,000 for such referrals through December 31, 2006 and did not pay or owe the Company any amounts under the referral agreement for the years ended December 31, 2007. The referral agreement was terminated on February 18, 2008.

In June 2006, the Company entered into a supplier rebate program with Echo, pursuant to which Echo provided the Company with an annual rebate on all freight expenditures in an amount equal to 5%. In April 2008, the Company amended the terms of the supplier rebate program, such that it receives an annual rebate on all freight expenditures in an amount equal to 3%, plus an additional 2% if paid within 15 days. Under the supplier rebate program, the Company received approximately $16,000 and $12,000 in rebates for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

The Company also sub-leased a portion of the Company’s office space to Incorp, LLC, a former stockholder of the Company. Effective January 1, 2006, the Company entered into a sub-lease agreement with Incorp, pursuant to which Incorp leased a portion of the Company’s office space in Chicago and paid 20% of the Company’s monthly rent for approximately $7,500 per month. The sub-lease agreement expired in April 2007 and was not renewed.

 

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InnerWorkings, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

 

19. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

 

     Year Ended December 31, 2008
     First
Quarter
   Second
Quarter(1)
   Third
Quarter(2)
   Fourth
Quarter(3)
     (In thousands, except per share data)

Net sales

   $ 87,192    $ 105,346    $ 122,016    $ 104,462

Gross profit

     21,568      25,778      29,475      27,200

Net income

     3,858      6,105      5,679      311

Net income per share:

           

Basic

   $ 0.08    $ 0.13    $ 0.12    $ 0.01

Diluted

   $ 0.08    $ 0.12    $ 0.12    $ 0.01

 

(1) The Company acquired etrinsic in May 2008 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning May 1, 2008.
(2) The Company acquired Marketing-Out-of-the-Box and MediaLink Creative Solutions in July 2008 and financial results of these acquisitions are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning July 1, 2008. The Company acquired Mikam Graphics in August 2008 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning August 1, 2008.
(3) The Company acquired Origen Partners in October 2008 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning October 1, 2008.

 

     Year Ended December 31, 2007
     First
Quarter(1)
   Second
Quarter(4)
   Third
Quarter(2)(5)
   Fourth
Quarter(3)(6)
     (In thousands, except per share data)

Net sales

   $ 58,936    $ 67,307    $ 72,150    $ 90,038

Gross profit

     14,406      17,226      18,344      23,412

Net income

     2,662      3,821      4,027      11,994

Net income per share:

           

Basic

   $ 0.06    $ 0.08    $ 0.08    $ 0.25

Diluted

   $ 0.05    $ 0.08    $ 0.08    $ 0.24

 

(1) The Company acquired Spectrum Printing Services in March 2007 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements beginning March 1, 2007.
(2) The Company acquired Brown + Partners, Inc. in July 2007 and financial results of these acquisitions are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning July 1, 2007.
(3) The Company acquired Data Flow Media Systems, LP and Graphic Resource Group, Inc. in October 2007 and financial results of these acquisitions are included in the consolidated financial statements beginning October 1, 2007. The Company acquired Corporate Edge in December 2007 and financial results of this acquisition are included in the consolidated financial statements beginning December 1, 2007.
(4) The Company sold 500,000 shares of common stock in Echo Global Logistics, Inc. in May 2008 for $4.7 million in net cash.
(5) The Company sold 150,000 shares of common stock in Echo Global Logistics, Inc. in September 2008 for $1.5 million in net cash.
(6) The decrease in net income for the three months ended December 31, 2008 is primarily the result of an increase in the Company’s bad debt reserve and decrease in top line leverage due to poor macroeconomic conditions in the fourth quarter of 2008.

 

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SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 

Description

  Balance at
Beginning of
Period
  Charged to
Expense
  (Uncollectible
Accounts
Written Off
net of
Recoveries)
    Other
Describe
    Balance at
End of
Period

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

         

Allowance for doubtful accounts

  $ 1,343,294   $ 4,110,842   $ (427,422 )   $ 18,345     $ 5,045,059

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

         

Allowance for doubtful accounts

  $ 378,943   $ 299,706   $ (41,236 )   $ 705,881  (1)   $ 1,343,294

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2006

         

Allowance for doubtful accounts

  $ 173,839   $ 314,172   $ (193,106 )   $ 84,038  (2)   $ 378,943

 

(1) Amount represents the increase to the allowance for doubtful accounts balance as a result of the 2007 acquisitions and adjustments to certain 2006 acquisition allowance balances.
(2) Amount represents the increase to the allowance for doubtful accounts balance as a result of the 2006 acquisitions.

 

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

 

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our senior management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded as of the Evaluation Date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information relating to the Company, including consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in our Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) reports (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

As required under this Item 9A, the management report titled “Management’s Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” and the auditor’s attestation report titled “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appear on pages 37 and 39 of this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period ended December 31, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

 

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PART III

 

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

Certain information required by this Item 10 relating to our directors and executive officers is incorporated by reference herein from our 2009 proxy statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.

We have adopted a code of ethics, which is posted in the Investor Relations section on our website at http://www.inwk.com. We intend to include on our website any amendments to, or waivers from, a provision of the code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, or controller that relates to any element of the code of ethics definition contained in Item 406(b) of SEC Regulation S-K.

 

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Certain information required by this Item 11 relating to remuneration of directors and executive officers and other transactions involving management is incorporated by reference herein from our 2009 proxy statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.

 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Certain information required by this Item 12 relating to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference herein from our 2009 proxy statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008. For information on securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, see the section entitled “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholders Matters” in Part II, Item 5 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

Certain information required by this Item 13 relating to certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated by reference herein from our 2009 proxy statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.

 

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Certain information required by this Item 14 regarding principal accounting fees and services is incorporated by reference herein from the section entitled “Matters Concerning Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in our 2009 proxy statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.

 

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PART IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) (1) Financial Statements:    Reference is made to the Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule in the section entitled “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(2) Financial Statement Schedule:    Reference is made to the Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule in the section entitled “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Schedules not listed above are omitted because they are not required or because the required information is given in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

(3) Exhibits:    Exhibits are as set forth in the section entitled “Exhibit Index” which follows the section entitled “Signatures” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain of the exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index have been previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such exhibits are identified by the parenthetical references following the listing of each such exhibit and are incorporated by reference.

Exhibits which are incorporated herein by reference can be inspected and copied at the public reference rooms maintained by the SEC in Washington, D.C., New York, New York, and Chicago, Illinois. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. SEC filings are also available to the public from commercial document retrieval services and at the Web site maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

INNERWORKINGS, INC.
By:   /S/    ERIC D. BELCHER        
  Eric D. Belcher
Title:   Chief Executive Officer and President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/S/    ERIC D. BELCHER        

Eric D. Belcher

   President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)   March 4, 2009

/S/    JOSEPH M. BUSKY        

Joseph M. Busky

   Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)  

March 4, 2009

/S/    JOHN R. WALTER        

John R. Walter

   Chairman of the Board  

March 4, 2009

/S/    STEVEN E. ZUCCARINI        

Steven E. Zuccarini

   Vice Chairman of the Board  

March 4, 2009

/S/    JACK M. GREENBERG        

Jack M. Greenberg

   Director  

March 4, 2009

/S/    PETER J. BARRIS        

Peter J. Barris

   Director  

March 4, 2009

/S/    SHARYAR BARADARAN        

Sharyar Baradaran

   Director  

March 4, 2009

/S/    LINDA S. WOLF        

Linda S. Wolf

   Director  

March 4, 2009

/S/    CHARLES K. BOBRINSKOY        

Charles K. Bobrinskoy

   Director  

March 4, 2009

/S/    ERIC P. LEFKOFSKY        

Eric P. Lefkofsky

   Director  

March 4, 2009

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.

  

Description

  2.1    Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of October 2, 2008 by and among IW-Origen, LLC, Origen Partners, Inc., Michael Stoecker and Kim J. Stoecker.(7)
  3.1    Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.(1)
  3.2    Amended and Restated By-Laws.(1)
  4.1    Specimen Common Stock Certificate.(2)
  4.3    Form of Recapitalization Agreement.(2)
10.1    InnerWorkings, LLC 2004 Unit Option Plan.(2)
10.2    InnerWorkings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan.(2)
  10.2A    InnerWorkings, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective June 19, 2008.(8)
10.3    Form of InnerWorkings Restricted Stock Award Agreement.(4)
10.4    Form of Stock Option Award Agreement.(1)
10.5    InnerWorkings, Inc. Annual Incentive Plan.(2)
10.6    Employment Agreement dated as of January 2, 2008 by and between Kevin Harrell and InnerWorkings, Inc.(5)
10.7    Agreement dated March 25, 2004 for John Walter to Become Chairman of InnerWorkings, LLC’s Board of Directors, as amended.(2)
10.8    Stock Option Grant Agreement dated October 1, 2005 between InnerWorkings, Inc. and Jack M. Greenberg.(2)
10.9    Agreement dated as of March 14, 2008 by and between InnerWorkings, Inc. and Eric P. Lefkofsky.(13)
10.10    Form of Indemnification Agreement.(2)
10.11    Master Services Agreement dated September 1, 2005 by and between ServiceMaster Consumer Services, L.P. and InnerWorkings, LLC.(2)
10.12    Office Space Lease dated January 1, 2006 by and between InnerWorkings, Inc. and Incorp, LLC.(2)
10.13    Office Space Lease dated November 22, 2005 by and between InnerWorkings, Inc. and Echo Global Logistics, LLC.(2)
10.14    Purchase Agreement dated May 31, 2006 by and among InnerWorkings, Inc., Jerry Freundlich, David Freundlich and Graphography, Ltd.(2)
10.15    Purchase Agreement dated as of October 11, 2006 by and among InnerWorkings, Inc., Applied Graphics, Inc. and the owners of the capital stock of Applied Graphics, Inc.(3)
10.16    Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of November 26, 2007 by and among InnerWorkings, Inc., Corporate Edge, Inc., Scott Levy, Stuart Weisenfeld and Fred Moskowitz.(6)
10.17    Referral Agreement dated October 1, 2006 between Innerworkings, Inc. and Echo Global Logistics, Inc.(1)
10.18    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement entered into as of November 14, 2008 by and between Steven E. Zuccarini and InnerWorkings, Inc.(9)

 

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Exhibit No.

  

Description

10.19    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement entered into as of November 14, 2008 by and between Eric D. Belcher and InnerWorkings, Inc.(9)
10.20    Employment Agreement effective as of July 16, 2008 by and between Joseph Busky and InnerWorkings, Inc.(10)
10.21    Credit Agreement, dated as of May 21, 2008, by and among InnerWorkings, Inc., as borrower, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Banc of America Securities LLC, as syndication agent, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as sole bookrunner and sole lead arranger, and certain financial institutions that are or may from time to time become parties thereto.(11)
10.22    Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of May 21, 2008, by and among InnerWorkings, Inc., the subsidiaries of InnerWorkings, Inc. listed therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent for the lenders party to the Credit Agreement.(11)
10.23    Stock Purchase Agreement dated May 7, 2008 by and between InnerWorkings, Inc. and Printworks Series E, LLC.(12)
21.1      Subsidiaries of InnerWorkings, Inc.
23.1      Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
31.1      Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002.
31.2      Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1      Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

(1) Incorporated by reference to Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 333-139811).
(2) Incorporated by reference to Form S-1 Registration Statement (File No. 333-133950).
(3) Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 12, 2006.
(4) Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2008.
(5) Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 17, 2008.
(6) Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 27, 2007.
(7) Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 8, 2008.
(8) Incorporated by reference to 2008 Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on May 9, 2008.
(9) Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 18, 2008.
(10) Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 8, 2008.
(11) Incorporated by reference to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2008.
(12) Incorporated by reference to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 12, 2008.
(13) Incorporated by reference to 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2008.

 

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